Isiko laseLiangzhu lidume ngemikhuba yalo yokungcwaba, ehlanganisa nokubeka abafileyo babo emabhokisini okhuni ngaphezu komhlaba. Ngaphandle kwamabhokisi omngcwabo enziwe ngokhuni adumile, okunye okumangalisayo okutholwe kuleli siko lasendulo kwakungama-Jade Discs.
Lawa ma-disc atholwe emathuneni angaphezu kwamashumi amabili futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi amelela ilanga nenyanga emjikelezweni wawo wasezulwini kanye nabaqaphi bomhlaba. Nokho, imfihlakalo ezungeze lawa ma-Jade Disc iye yaholela abavubukuli abaningi kanye nezazi zemfundiso-nkolo ukuba baqagele imibono ehlukahlukene ethakazelisayo; futhi inhloso yangempela yala madiski angajwayelekile ayaziwa namanje.
Amasiko e-Liangzhu nama-Jade Discs
Isiko laseLiangzhu lachuma e-Yangtze River Delta yaseChina phakathi kuka-3400 no-2250 BC. Ngokuvumelana nokutholwe kokuvubukulwa kwemivubukulo emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, amalungu esigaba esiphezulu samasiko ayexhunywe eduze nezinto ezenziwe ngosilika, i-lacquer, izinyo lendlovu kanye ne-jade—iminerali eluhlaza esetshenziswa njengobucwebe noma imihlobiso. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi kube nokuhlukana kwezigaba okuhlukile ngalesi sikhathi.
Ama-bi Disc amaShayina, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-Chinese bi, aphakathi kwezinto ezingaqondakali neziheha kakhulu kuzo zonke izinto ezakhiwa eShayina yasendulo. Lawa ma-disc amatshe amakhulu anamathiselwe emizimbeni yezikhulu zaseShayina kusukela okungenani eminyakeni eyi-5,000 edlule.
Izigameko zakamuva zamadiski e-bi, ngokuvamile enziwa nge-jade nengilazi, asukela ku-Shang (1600-1046 BC), Zhou (1046-256 BC), kanye nezikhathi ze-Han (202 BC–220 AD). Nakuba ayenziwe nge-jade, itshe eliqinile, injongo yawo yasekuqaleni nendlela yokwakha kuseyimpicabadala kososayensi.
Ayini ama-bi discs?
I-Jade, itshe eliqinile eliyigugu elakhiwe ngamaminerali amaningana e-silicate, livame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamavazi, ubucwebe, nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa. Iza ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, i-nephrite ne-jadeite, futhi ngokuvamile ayinambala ngaphandle uma ingcoliswe enye into (njenge-chromium), lapho ithatha khona umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ama-Jade Discs, abuye aziwe ngokuthi ama-bi discs, aklanywa abantu base-Liangzhu base-China ngasekupheleni kwe-Neolithic Era. Ziyindilinga, izindandatho eziyisicaba ezenziwe nge-nephrite. Batholakala cishe kuwo wonke amathuna abalulekile empucuko yaseHongshan (3800-2700 BC) futhi basinda kulo lonke isiko laseLiangzhu (3000-2000 BC), okuphakamisa ukuthi babebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wabo.
Ayesetshenziselwa ini ama-bi disc?
Amatshe ayebekwe ngokugqamile esidumbuni somufi, ngokuvamile eduze nesifuba noma isisu, futhi ngokuvamile afaka izimpawu ezihlobene nesibhakabhaka. I-Jade yaziwa ngesiShayina ngokuthi “YU,” okuphinde kusho okumsulwa, ingcebo, nokuhlonipheka.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi kungani amaShayina asendulo e-Neolithic ayengakhetha i-Jade, njengoba iyinto enzima kangaka ukusebenza ngayo ngenxa yokuqina kwayo.
Njengoba engekho amathuluzi ensimbi aleso sikhathi atholakele, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi cishe akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-brazing and polishing, obekuyothatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuqeda. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo osobala ophakamayo lapha ukuthi kungani bezoya emzamweni onjalo?
Enye incazelo engenzeka yokubaluleka kwala madiski amatshe ukuthi aboshwe kunkulunkulu noma onkulunkulu. Abanye baye bacabanga ukuthi amelela ilanga, kanti abanye baye bawabona njengophawu lwesondo, kokubili okuyi-cyclical ngokwemvelo, kufana nokuphila nokufa.
Ukubaluleka kwama-Jade Discs kufakazelwa yiqiniso lokuthi empini, iqembu elinqotshiwe lalidingeka ukuthi lilethe ama-Jade Discs kumnqobi njengesenzo sokuhambisa. Kwakungeyona nje imihlobiso.
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi indaba engaqondakali ye- I-Dropa Stone Discs, nawo angamatshe amise okwe-disc futhi kuthiwa aneminyaka engu-12,000 ubudala, axhunywe endabeni yama-Jade Discs. Amatshe e-Dropa kuthiwa atholakala emhumeni ezintabeni zaseBaian Kara-Ula, ezisemngceleni ophakathi kweChina neTibet.
Ingabe ama-Jade Discs atholakala e-Liangzhu ayexhunywe ngempela kuma-Dropa Stone Discs ngandlela thize?
Abavubukuli bebelokhu benwaya amakhanda abo phezu kwama-jade discs iminyaka eminingi, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi aklanywa ngesikhathi lapho kungekho khona amarekhodi abhaliwe, ukubaluleka kwawo kuseyimfihlakalo kithi. Ngenxa yalokho, umbuzo wokuthi kwakuyini ukubaluleka kwama-Jade Discs nokuthi kungani adalwe awukaxazululwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho ongaqinisekisa okwamanje ukuthi ama-Jade Discs ayehlobene yini ne-Dropa Stone Discs noma cha.
Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana nabantu abangaqondakali be-Dropa be-Himalaya ephakeme kanye nama-disc abo amatshe angaqondakali, funda lesi sihloko esithakazelisayo. lapha.
