IParacas yinhlonhlo esogwadule etholakala esifundazweni sasePisco, esifundeni i-Ica, ogwini oluseningizimu yePeru. Kulapha lapho isazi semivubukulo sasePeruvia uJulio C. Tello enza okunye kokutholakala okuyindida kakhulu ngo-1928. Ngesikhathi kumbiwa phansi, uTello wathola indawo yamathuna eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eyinkimbinkimbi emhlabathini onolaka ogwadule iParacas.
Emathuneni ayindida, uTello wathola uchungechunge lwezidumbu zomuntu ezinempikiswano ezingashintsha unomphela indlela esibheka ngayo okhokho bethu nemvelaphi yethu. Izidumbu ezisemathuneni zazinezingulube ezinde kakhulu ezake zatholakala emhlabeni, ezibizwa ngokuthi izingebhezi zeParacas. Isazi semivubukulo sasePeruvia sathola izingebhezi ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu ezingaqondakali okukholelwa ukuthi okungenani zineminyaka engama-300 3,000 ubudala.
Njengokungathi ukwakheka kogebhezi kwakungeyona into engaqondakali ngokwanele, ukuhlaziywa kwamuva kwe-DNA okwenziwe kwamanye okhakhayi kuveza eminye yemiphumela eyindida kakhulu futhi engakholeki ephonsela inselelo konke esikwaziyo ngesihlahla nokuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu.
Imfihlakalo engemuva kwamaParacas Skulls
Ukuguquguquka kogebhezi: Umkhuba wasendulo wenkolo
Ngenkathi amasiko ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke enza imikhuba ye-skull deformation (elongation), amasu asetshenzisiwe ayehlukile, okusho ukuthi imiphumela ibingafani nayo. Kunezizwe ezithile zaseNingizimu Melika 'ezazibopha izingebhezi zezinsana' ukuze zishintshe ukwakheka kwazo, okuholele ekutheni kube nogebhezi oluvuleke kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi engapheli isikhathi eside ngokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi asendulo, izizwe zikwazile ukwenza ukukhubazeka kwe-cranial okutholakala nasemasikweni akudala e-Afrika.
Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi lolu hlobo lwe-cranial deformation luguqula ukwakheka kogebhezi, aluzange lushintshe usayizi we-cranial, isisindo, noma ivolumu, konke okuyizici zesici sokhakhayi abavamile babantu.
Lokhu kulapho izici zokhakhayi lweParacas zithakazelisa kakhulu. Ama-skulls ama-paracas awavamile. Ama-skulls ama-paracas okungenani angama-25% amakhulu futhi afinyelela ku-60% asinda kunezingulube zabantu abajwayelekile. Abaphenyi bakholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi lezi zici bezingeke zitholakale ngamasu asetshenziswa yizizwe njengoba abanye ososayensi bephakamisa. Hhayi kuphela ukuthi ahlukile ngesisindo, kepha izingebhezi zeParacas nazo zihlukile ngokwesakhiwo futhi zinepuleti elilodwa kuphela kanti abantu abajwayelekile banamabili.
Lezi zici ezingajwayelekile zengeze imfihlakalo amashumi eminyaka, njengoba abacwaningi bengazi ukuthi laba bantu abanezikhakhayi ezinde kangako bake baba ngubani.
Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe kamuva kwenza izingebhezi zikaParacas zaba nzima ngokwengeziwe
Umqondisi weParacas Museum of History wathumela amasampula amahlanu ogebhezi beParacas ukuze kuhlolwe izakhi zofuzo, futhi imiphumela yayihlaba umxhwele. Amasampula aqukethe izinwele, amazinyo, isikhumba, nezinye izingcezu zamathambo ogebhezi anikeze imininingwane engakholeki ebhebhethekise imfihlakalo ezungeze lezigebhezi ezingathandeki. Ilabhorethri yezofuzo lapho kwathunyelwa khona amasampula ayizange yaziswe phambilini ngemvelaphi yokhakhayi ukugwema 'ukuthonya imiphumela'.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-DNA ye-mitochondrial, etholwe ngofuzo kumama, ikhombise ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okungaziwa kunoma yimuphi umuntu, isilwane sasolwandle noma isilwane esitholakala emhlabeni. Izinguquko ezikhona kumasampula ogebhezi lweParacas ziphakamisa ukuthi abacwaningi babebhekene 'nomuntu' omusha ngokuphelele, ohluke kakhulu kumaHomo sapiens, amaNeanderthals, kanye namaDenisovans. Imiphumela efanayo itholakale ezivivinyweni ezenziwe kuStar Child Skull lokho kwatholakala cishe ngo-1930 emhubheni wezimayini cishe amakhilomitha ayikhulu eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChihuahua, eMexico.
Abantu bezingulube zeParacas kubikwa ukuthi bebehluke kakhulu ngokwemvelo kangangokuthi bekungeke kwenzeke ukuthi abantu bazalane nabo. "Anginasiqiniseko sokuthi lokhu kuyavumelana nesihlahla esaziwayo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo," kubhala isazi sezakhi zofuzo.
Kwakungobani lezi zidalwa eziyimfihlakalo? Ingabe zavela ngokwahlukana emhlabeni? Yini ebangele ukuthi babe nokwehluka okukhulu kangaka kubantu abavamile? Futhi kungenzeka yini ukuthi lezi zidalwa azivelanga emhlabeni? Wonke lawa mathuba kungenzeka kube yimibono engeke ichithwe inikezwe ubufakazi bamanje. Esikwaziyo kuze kube manje ukuthi kunezinto eziningi ezingaphezu kokuqonda kwabaphenyi, izazi-mlando nososayensi. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngemuva kwakho konke, umbuzo wokuthi ngabe sisodwa endaweni yonke ungaphendulwa yini ngenxa yamagebhezi kaParacas.
