IBlue People of Kentucky - umndeni ovela emlandweni waseKetucky abazalwa kakhulu benesifo sofuzo esingajwayelekile futhi esingajwayelekile esidale ukuthi izikhumba zabo ziphenduke zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Cishe iminyaka engamakhulu amabili, “abantu abanemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bomndeni wakwaFugate” babehlala ezindaweni zaseTroublesome Creek naseBall Creek emagqumeni asempumalanga yeKentucky. Ekugcineni badlulisa isici sabo esiyingqayizivele kusuka esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye, bahlala behlukaniswe kakhulu nomhlaba wangaphandle. Baziwa kabanzi ngokuthi “Abantu Abaluhlaza BaseKentucky.”
Indaba yeBlue People yaseKentucky
Kukhona izindaba ezimbili ezifanayo ngomuntu wokuqala oBlue Skinned kulowo mndeni waseKentucky. Kodwa-ke, bobabili babiza igama elifanayo, "uMartin Fugate" njengomuntu wokuqala oLuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuthi wayeyindoda eyazalelwa eFrance eyaba yintandane esemncane futhi kamuva yahlalisa umndeni wayo ngaseHazard, eKentucky, e-United States.
Ngalezo zinsuku, lelizwe lasempumalanga yeKentucky laliyindawo esemaphandleni lapho umndeni kaMartin neminye imindeni eseduze yayakhe khona. Kwakungekho migwaqo, futhi ujantshi wesitimela wawungeke uze ufinyelele kuleyo ngxenye yombuso kuze kube sekuqaleni kwawo-1910. Ngakho-ke, ukushada phakathi kwemindeni kwakuwumkhuba ovame kakhulu kubantu ababehlala kuleyo ndawo ecishe ibe yodwa yaseKentucky.
Lezi zindaba ezimbili ziza nokulandelana okufanayo kodwa umehluko kuphela esiwutholile kumugqa wesikhathi oboniswe kafushane lapha ngezansi:
Indaba yokuqala yeBlue People yaseKentucky
Le ndaba isitshela ukuthi uMartin Fugate wayephila ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye owashada no-Elizabeth Smith, owesifazane ovela emndenini oseduzane abakwaFugates abashada naye. Kuthiwa wayemhlophe futhi emhlophe njenge-laurel yasentabeni eqhakaza njalo entwasahlobo ezungeze imigodi yomfula futhi futhi wayephethe le nkinga yofuzo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. UMartin no-Elizabeth baqala ukugcinwa endlini osebeni lweTroublesome futhi baqala umndeni wabo. Ezinganeni zabo eziyisikhombisa, ezine kubikwe ukuthi beziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kamuva, uFugates washada namanye amaFugates. Kwesinye isikhathi babeshada abazala babo kanye nabantu ababehlala eduze kakhulu nabo. Umndeni wawulokhu wanda. Ngenxa yalokho, iningi lezizukulwane zabakwaFugates lazalwa linalesi sifo esinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi laqhubeka nokuhlala ezindaweni ezizungeze iTroublesome Creek neBall Creek ngekhulu lama-20.
Indaba yesibili yeBlue People yaseKentucky
Ngenkathi enye indaba iqinisekisa ukuthi kwakukhona abantu abathathu ababizwa ngoMartin Fugate esihlahleni somndeni wakwaFugates. Babe sebephila phakathi kuka-1700 no-1850, futhi umuntu wokuqala oLuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka owayengowesibili owaphila ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili noma ngo-1750 ngemuva kwalokho. Wayeshade noMary Wells naye owayephethe lesi sifo.
Kule ndaba yesibili, uMartin Fugate okukhulunywe ngaye endabeni yokuqala owayehlala ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye futhi eshade no-Elizabeth Smith wayengeyena umuntu onesikhumba esiluhlaza nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, isimilo sika-Elizabeth asisaguquki, njengoba wayengumuntu ophethe lesi sifo esivezwe endabeni yokuqala, kanti enye indaba yesibili icishe ifane nendaba yokuqala.
Kwenzekeni empeleni kubantu abanesikhumba esiluhlaza sasolwandle iTroublesome Creek?
Bonke abakwaFugates ngokumangazayo baphila iminyaka engama-85-90 ngaphandle kwesifo noma enye inkinga yezempilo ngaphandle kwalesi sifo sesifo sohlaza okwesibhakabhaka esiphazamise kabi indlela yabo yokuphila. Babenamahloni ngempela ngokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kwakunokuqagela njalo emigodini mayelana nokuthi yini eyenza abantu abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: isifo senhliziyo, isifo samaphaphu, kungenzeka lokho okwaphakanyiswa umuntu othile wakudala ukuthi “igazi labo lisondele nje kancane esikhunjeni sabo.” Kodwa akekho owayazi ngokuqinisekile, futhi odokotela babeqabukela bevakashela izindawo ezikude nemifula lapho iningi lama- “Blue Fugates” lalihlala khona kuze kube ngawo-1950.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho amaFugate amabili eza kuMadison Cawein III, osemncane udokotela wezifo zemvelo emtholampilo wezokwelapha wase-University of Kentucky ngaleso sikhathi, efuna ikhambi.
Kusetshenziswa ucwaningo oluqoqwe ezifundweni zakhe zangaphambilini ze abantu base-Alaskan Eskimo abangabodwa, UCawein ukwazile ukuphetha ngokuthi abakwaFugates babephethe isifo segazi esingajwayelekile esivela egazini esidala amazinga e-methemoglobin ngokweqile egazini labo. Lesi simo sibizwa I-Methemoglobinemia.
I-Methemoglobin inguqulo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engasebenzi yeprotheni ebomvu ebomvu ye-hemoglobin ethwala umoya-mpilo. Kwabaningi baseCaucasus, i-hemoglobin ebomvu yegazi emizimbeni yabo ikhombisa ngesikhumba sayo ukuyinika umbala obomvana.
Ngesikhathi enza ucwaningo, i-methylene blue kwavela engqondweni kaCawein njengekhambi “elicace bha”. Abanye babantu abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka babecabanga ukuthi udokotela wayengezwe kancane ngokusikisela ukuthi udayi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ungabenza babomvana. Kodwa uCawein wayazi ezifundweni zangaphambili ukuthi umzimba unenye indlela yokuguqula i-methemoglobin ibuyele kokujwayelekile. Ukuyisebenzisa kudinga ukwengeza egazini into esebenza 'njengomnikeli we-electron.' Izinto eziningi ziyakwenza lokhu, kepha uCawein ukhethe i-methylene blue ngoba isetshenziswe ngempumelelo futhi ngokuphepha kwezinye izimo futhi ngoba isebenza ngokushesha.
ICawein yajova umuntu ngamunye onesikhumba esiluhlaza ngama-milligram ayi-100 we-methylene blue, okwanciphisa izimpawu zabo futhi kwehlisa umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba sabo kungakapheli nemizuzu embalwa. Ngokokuqala ngqa ezimpilweni zabo, babepinki futhi bajabula. Futhi uCawein unikeze umndeni ngamunye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amaphilisi we-methylene aluhlaza ukuze awathathe njengephilisi lansuku zonke ngoba imiphumela yomuthi ingeyesikhashana, njengoba imethylene blue ivame ukukhishwa emchameni. UCawein kamuva washicilela ucwaningo lwakhe kwi-Archives of Internal Medicine (Ephreli 1964) ngo-1964.
Ngemuva kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, njengoba ukuhamba kwaba lula nemindeni isakazeka ezindaweni ezibanzi, ukwanda kwesakhi sofuzo kubantu bendawo kunciphile, futhi namathuba okuthola lesi sifo njengefa.
UBenjamin Stacy uyinzalo yokugcina eyaziwayo yamaFugates owazalwa ngo-1975 enalesi sici esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka seBlue Family yaseKentucky futhi walahlekelwa ithoni yakhe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengoba ekhula. Yize namuhla uBenjamin kanye neningi lomndeni wakwaFugate belahlekelwe ngumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ithinti lisaphuma esikhunjeni sabo lapho bebanda noma begcwele ulaka.
UDkt Madison Cawein uveze udaba oluphelele lokuthi amaFugates asizuze kanjani lesi sifo sesikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aphethe isakhi sofuzo se-methemoglobinemia (met-H) esizukulwaneni ngesizukulwane, futhi walwenza kanjani ucwaningo lwakhe lapho eKentucky. Ungafunda kabanzi ngale ndaba emangalisayo lapha.
Amanye amacala afanayo
Kwakunamanye amacala amabili endoda enesikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yemethemoglobinaemia, eyaziwa ngokuthi “amadoda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eLurgan”. Babengamadoda angama-Lurgan ahlushwa yilokho okwachazwa ngokuthi "yi-metopemic idiopathic methaemoglobinaemia", futhi baphathwa nguDkt. James Deeny ngonyaka ka-1942. UDeeny wanquma inkambo ye-ascorbic acid ne-sodium bicarbonate. Esimweni sokuqala, ngosuku lwesishiyagalombili lokwelashwa kwaba noshintsho oluphawulekayo ekubukekeni, kwathi ngosuku lweshumi nambili lokwelashwa, ukubonakala kwesiguli kwakujwayelekile. Esimeni sesibili, ukubonakala kwesiguli kufinyelele kokujwayelekile esikhathini esingangenyanga yokwelashwa.
Ubuwazi ukuthi ukudlula isiliva nakho kungadala ukuthi isikhumba sethu kuphenduke mpunga noma luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu?
Kunesimo esibizwa nge-Argyria noma i-argyrosis, eyaziwa nangokuthi i- "Blue Man Syndrome," ebangelwa ukuvezwa ngokweqile kumakhemikhali e-element element yothuli lwesiliva noma lwesiliva. Uphawu oluphawuleka kakhulu lwe-Argyria ukuthi isikhumba siphenduka sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-nsomi noma nsomi ngokumpunga.
Ezilwaneni nakubantu, ukufaka noma ukuhogela isiliva ngobuningi besikhathi eside kuvame ukuholela ekuqoqeni kancane kancane kwamakhemikhali esiliva ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba ezingadala ukuthi ezinye izindawo zesikhumba nezinye izicubu zomzimba ziphenduke zibe mpunga noma zibe mpunga ngokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Abantu abasebenza emafemini akhiqiza imikhiqizo yesiliva bangaphefumula nangesiliva noma ngama-compounds ayo, kuthi isiliva lisetshenziswe kwezinye izinto zokwelapha ngenxa yemvelo elwa namagciwane. Kodwa-ke, i-Argyria ayisona isimo sezempilo esisongela impilo futhi kungenzeka siyelapheke ngemithi. Kepha ukudla ngokweqile kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamakhemikhali kungabulala noma kungakhuphula izingozi zezempilo ngakho-ke kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi siqaphele ukwenza noma yini efana nale.
Ngemuva kokufunda nge “The Blue Of Kentucky,” funda mayelana "Intombazane yaseBionic yase-UK u-Olivia Farnsworth ongazizwa elambile noma ebuhlungu!"
