Ngokwezazi-mlando nabavubukuli, abantu bangaphambi komlando babeyizidalwa ezilula, ezinonya ezinolwazi oluncane noma bengenalo nhlobo ngesayensi noma ngezokwelapha. Kwakukholelwa kakhulu ukuthi kuphela ngokukhula kwezifunda zamadolobha amaGreki kanye noMbuso WamaRoma lapho isiko lomuntu lathuthuka ngokwanele ukuba lizibandakanye nezinto ezifana nebhayoloji, i-anatomy, isayensi yezitshalo kanye nekhemistri.
Ngenhlanhla ngomlando wangaphambili, okutholwe kamuva kufakazela le nkolelo osekunesikhathi eside ikhona mayelana "Nenkathi Yetshe" ingamanga. Ubufakazi buvela emhlabeni wonke obuphakamisa ukuqonda okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-anatomy, physiology, ngisho nokuhlinzwa kwakukhona ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaphambili.
Ngokweqembu labavubukuli abavela e-Australia nase-Indonesia, umgede oqhelile wase-Indonesia uveze ubufakazi bakudala obaziwayo bokuhlinzwa ohlakalweni lwamathambo oluneminyaka engu-31,000 ubudala olulahlekelwe umlenze waso ongezansi kwesokunxele, ucabanga kabusha ngomlando wesintu. Ososayensi babika lokho okwatholwa kumagazini i-Nature.
Ithimba lohambo oluhlanganisa abantu base-Australia nabase-Indonesia lithole izinsalela zohlobo olusha lwabantu e-East Kalimantan, e-Borneo, ngenkathi limba umhume we-lime ngo-2020 lifuna ubuciko basendulo be-rock.
Lokhu okutholakele kuphenduke ubufakazi bokunqunywa kwesitho okwaziwayo okwaziwayo, ngaphambi kokuphola nokunye okutholwe kwezinqubo zezokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi kulo lonke elase-Eurasia ngamashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi izinsalela zineminyaka engaba ngu-31,000 ubudala ngokulinganisa iminyaka yezinyo kanye nenhlabathi yokungcwaba besebenzisa i-radioisotope dating.
Ukunqunywa umlenze ngokuhlinzwa eminyakeni eminingana ngaphambi kokungcwatshwa kwaholela ekukhuleni kwamathambo emlenzeni ongezansi kwesokunxele, njengoba kwembulwa ukuhlaziywa kwe-palaeopathological.
Isazi semivubukulo uDkt Tim Maloney, umcwaningi eNyuvesi yaseGriffith yase-Australia obengamele ukumba, uchaze ukutholwa “njengokufezeka kwephupho”.
Ithimba labavubukuli elihlanganisa nososayensi abavela e-Indonesian Institution for Archaeology and Conservation belihlola idiphozithi yamasiko asendulo lapho lithola indawo yokungcwaba ngokusebenzisa izimpawu zamatshe emhlabathini.
Bathola izinsalela zomzingeli osemusha onesiphunzi esilashiwe lapho umlenze wakhe ongezansi kwesokunxele nonyawo kwakunqunywe khona ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-11 zokumbiwa.
Isiphunzi esihlanzekile sikhombisa ukuthi ukuphulukiswa kwakungenxa yokunqunywa kwesitho esikhundleni sengozi noma ukuhlaselwa yisilwane, kusho uMaloney.
Ngokusho kukaMaloney, lo mzingeli wasinda emahlathini emvula eseyingane nomuntu omdala owayenqunyiwe, futhi kwakungeyona nje into emangalisayo, kodwa futhi kwakubalulekile ngokwezempilo. Uthe isiphunzi sakhe asikhombisi zimpawu zokutheleleka noma ukuchotshozwa okungajwayelekile.
Ngaphambi kwalokhu kutholakala, uMaloney uthe eminyakeni engaba ngu-10,000 XNUMX edlule, ukunqunywa kwesitho kwakukholelwa ukuthi kwakuyisigwebo sentambo esingenakugwenywa, kuze kube yilapho izinqubo zokuhlinzwa ziba ngcono ngenxa yemiphakathi emikhulu yezolimo.
Uhlaka lwamathambo lwasendulo olwatholwa eFrance olwahlehlela emuva eminyakeni engu-7,000 XNUMX luwubufakazi obudala kunabo bonke obukhona bokunqunywa ngokuphumelelayo. Ingalo yakhe yesokunxele yayingekho kusukela endololwaneni kwehle.
UMaloney uthe ngaphambi kwalokhu kutholakala, umlando wokungenelela kwezokwelapha nolwazi lomuntu wawuhluke kakhulu. Kusho ukuthi abantu bokuqala babenolwazi lwezinqubo zokuhlinzwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ezivumela ukuthi lo muntu aphile ngemva kokususwa konyawo nomlenze.
Udokotela ohlinzayo enkathini yamatshe kufanele ukuthi wayenolwazi oluningiliziwe lwe-anatomy, okuhlanganisa imithambo, imithambo nezinzwa, ukugwema ukubangela ukulahlekelwa igazi elibulalayo kanye nokutheleleka. Ukuhlinzwa okuyimpumelelo kwasikisela uhlobo oluthile lokunakekelwa okujulile, okuhlanganisa nokukhishwa kwamagciwane okuvamile ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Ukusho ukuthi, lokhu okutholakele okumangalisayo kuwumbono othakazelisayo wesikhathi esedlule futhi kusinika umbono omusha ngamakhono abantu bokuqala.
USolwazi osafufusa uMatthew Spriggs we-Australian National University School of Archaeology and Anthropology, obengabandakanyeki kulolu cwaningo, uthe ukutholakala “kuwumbhalo obalulekile womlando wethu wezilwane” futhi “okugcizelela futhi ukuthi okhokho bethu babehlakaniphe njengathi. , ngobuchwepheshe esibuthatha kalula noma ngaphandle kwabo namuhla”.
U-Spriggs uthe akufanele kumangaze ukuthi abantu beminyaka yamatshe babekwazi ukuqonda ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ngokuzingela, futhi babe nokwelashwa kokutheleleka nokulimala.
Namuhla, siyabona ukuthi le ndoda yasemhumeni yase-Indonesia yangaphambi komlando yayihlinzwe uhlobo oluthile lokuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi cishe eminyakeni engu-31,000 edlule. Kodwa asikukholwa. Lokhu kwakuwubufakazi bokuthi abantu bokuqala babenolwazi lwesayensi yokwakheka kwemizimba nemithi olwalungaphezu kwalokho esasikucabanga. Nokho, umbuzo usasele: baluthola kanjani ulwazi olunjalo?
Kuseyimpicabadala kuze kube namuhla. Mhlawumbe ngeke sazi ukuthi labo bantu benkathi yamatshe baluthola kanjani ulwazi lwabo oluyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa into eyodwa eqinisekile, lokhu okutholakele kunomlando wokubhala kabusha njengoba siwazi.
