12 Izindawo Ezingcwele Zakudala Ezingaqondakali Kakhulu Okufanele Uzivakashele Empilweni Yakho

Kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, amasiko emhlabeni wonke abambe izindawo ezingcwele njengezindawo ezimangalisayo, ingokomoya, nezimfihlakalo. Lezi zigodi zasendulo, ezimbozwe amakhulu eminyaka ezinganekwane nezinsumansumane, zisaqhubeka nokuthakasela futhi ziheha umcabango wethu. Kulesi sihloko, sibale izindawo ezingcwele eziyishumi nambili ezingaqondakali kakhulu futhi zasendulo emhlabeni wethu ongangena kuzo.

Okuqukethwe -

I. 1. Stonehenge – Wiltshire, England

II. 2. Angkor Wat – Siem Reap, Cambodia

III. 3. Amaphiramidi Amakhulu - Egypt

IV. 4. I-Teotihuacan - Mexico

V. 5. Göbekli Tepe – Turkey

VI. 6. Isiqhingi sase-Easter - eChile

VII. 7. Machu Picchu – Peru

VIII. 8. Chichen Itza – Mexico

IX. 9. Petra - Jordan

X. 10. I-Nazca Lines - Peru

XI. 11. I-Oracle yaseDelphi - Greece

XII. 12. Isango le-Aramu Muru – Peru

1. Stonehenge – Wiltshire, England

Stonehenge, eNgilandi — I-Stonehenge, itshe lesikhumbuzo le-neolithic elakhiwe kusuka ku-3000 BC kuya ku-2000 BC.

Ukuthatha indawo evelele ohlwini lwethu yisakhiwo sodumo se-Stonehenge. Ubufakazi bobuhlakani bomuntu, lesi sikhumbuzo se-Neolithic simi njengendida yaphakade. Yakhelwe phakathi kuka-3000 no-2000 BC, ukwakheka kwamatshe amakhulu kanye nokuqondanisa kwezinkanyezi kusalokhu kuyimfihlakalo. Ingabe kwakuyindawo yokubuka isibhakabhaka, indawo yokungcwaba, noma indawo yemikhosi? Izimpendulo zilahlekile esikhathini esidlule, zengeza ukuheha kule ndawo ejabulisayo.

2. Angkor Wat – Siem Reap, Cambodia

12 izindawo ezingcwele zasendulo ezingaqondakali okufanele uzivakashele empilweni yakho 1 — I-Angkor Wat, ingxenye engaphambili yesakhiwo esikhulu, eCambodia. Wikimedia Commons

I-Angkor Wat ihlezi phakathi kwamahlathi aminyene, iyisikhumbuzo senkolo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lesi sakhiwo sethempeli esikhulukazi, esakhiwa ngekhulu le-12, sishiya izivakashi zibambe ongezansi ngomklamo walo wokuklama ngobuchule nemifanekiso eqoshiwe eyinkimbinkimbi. Izizathu zokwakhiwa kwalo, injongo yalo yokuqala, nokulahlwa kungazelelwe kwaleli dolobha elake lachuma kuseyimpicabadala, okulenza libe isizinda esingaqondakali kubahloli bamazwe nezazi-mlando ngokufanayo.

3. Amaphiramidi Amakhulu - Egypt

12 izindawo ezingcwele zasendulo ezingaqondakali okufanele uzivakashele empilweni yakho 2 — Iphiramidi Enkulu YaseGiza. iStock

Imibhoshongo Enkulu YaseGiza, esemaphethelweni eCairo, e-Egypt, iyizakhiwo ezimangalisayo zasendulo. Yakhiwa eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-4,000 edlule, le mibhoshongo eyisikhumbuzo isaqhubeka nokuthakasela izazi nezazi-mlando ngenxa yamasu angaqondakali asetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe. Eyenziwe nge-limestone negwadle, imibhoshongo kuthiwa yamiswa njengamathuna oFaro, kodwa abukho ubufakazi obuphathekayo obusekela le mbono. Naphezu kwamakhulu eminyaka adlulayo, iMiphiramidi Enkulu YaseGiza imi njengezimpawu ezihlala njalo zomlando ocebile waseGibhithe kanye nekhono lobunjiniyela bempucuko yalo yasendulo.

4. I-Teotihuacan - Mexico

Ekujuleni kwenhliziyo yeMexico kunesizinda semivubukulo esithakazelisayo osekungamakhulu eminyaka sidida ochwepheshe. I-Teotihuacán, okusho ukuthi "indawo lapho onkulunkulu badalwa khona," iyikhaya lamaphiramidi namanxiwa ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu kulo lonke elase-Central America. I-Teotihuacán pyramids complex itholakala e-Mexican Highlands nase-Mexico Valley eduze ne-Mexico City. © iStock — Ekujuleni kwenhliziyo yeMexico kunesizinda semivubukulo esithakazelisayo osekungamakhulu eminyaka sidida ochwepheshe. I-Teotihuacán, okusho ukuthi “indawo lapho onkulunkulu badalwa khona,” iyikhaya leminye yemibhoshongo namanxiwa ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu kulo lonke elase-Central America. I-Teotihuacán pyramids complex itholakala e-Mexican Highlands nase-Mexico Valley eduze ne-Mexico City. iStock

Okumangalisayo nokuxakayo, iTeotihuacan ibusa njengelinye lamadolobha asendulo anethonya elikhulu eMesoamerican. Incazelo yegama laso, “indawo lapho onkulunkulu badalelwa khona,” iwuthwebula ngokufanelekile umcabango wayo. Zulazula ku-Avenue of the Dead, umangale ngePyramid of the Sun kanye nePyramid of the Moon, futhi ucabange ngempucuko eyashabalala ngendlela engaqondakali, ishiya imikhondo emangazayo kuphela ngenjongo yayo nokufa kwayo.

5. Göbekli Tepe – Turkey

12 izindawo ezingcwele zasendulo ezingaqondakali okufanele uzivakashele empilweni yakho 3 — I-Göbekli Tepe, isayithi lemivubukulo ye-Neolithic eduze nedolobha lase-Şanlıurfa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Anatolia, eTurkey. I-Wikimedia Commons

Ifihlwe ngaphansi komhlaba ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-12,000, i-Göbekli Tepe ibhala kabusha umlando wempucuko yabantu. Le ndawo ye-Neolithic, eyandulela i-Stonehenge kanye nemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe, kwakungelona idolobhana nje kodwa inxanxathela yemikhosi ethuthukisiwe. Izinsika ezibaziweyo ezibonisa izilwane zikhomba ukubaluleka okujulile okungokomoya, okubonisa izinkolelo eziyinkimbinkimbi nemikhuba yokhokho bethu bokuqala.

Ngokumangalisayo, abacwaningi abaningi baye bathi i-Göbekli Tepe iyisikhungo esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni esihlola izinkanyezi. Kunezimangalo ezimbili ezinkulu ezikhonjwa yilabo abacabanga ukuthi i-Göbekli Tepe inokuxhumana kwezulu. Omunye uphakamisa ukuthi le ndawo yayihambisana nesibhakabhaka sasebusuku, ikakhulukazi inkanyezi uSirius, ngoba abantu bendawo babekhulekela inkanyezi njengamanye amasiko esifundeni ezinkulungwane zeminyaka kamuva. Omunye uthi okuqoshwe e-Göbekli Tepe kuqoshwa umthelela wenkanyezi enomsila owafika eMhlabeni ekupheleni kwe-Ice Age.

6. Isiqhingi sase-Easter - eChile

12 izindawo ezingcwele zasendulo ezingaqondakali okufanele uzivakashele empilweni yakho 4 — Izifanekiso ze-Moai e-Easter Island, eChile. I-Wikimedia Commons

Izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ukusuka ezwekazini laseChile kutholakala i-Easter Island ekude futhi eyindida. Izithombe zakhona ze-moai ezingokomfanekiso zimi njengabalindi abathule abaqaphe izimfihlo zempucuko engaqondakali. Ukuthi lezi zithombe eziqoshiwe zamatshe ezinkulu zaziqoshwa, zithuthwe futhi zibekwe kuso sonke isiqhingi kuseyindida ehlala njalo. Yembula izindaba eziqoshwe kulezi zithombe futhi umangale ngobuhle obushaqisayo besiqhingi ngenkathi ucabanga ukukhuphuka nokuwa kwempucuko yaseRapa Nui.

7. Machu Picchu – Peru

12 izindawo ezingcwele zasendulo ezingaqondakali okufanele uzivakashele empilweni yakho 5 — Ukubuka Kokushona kwelanga kwe-Inca City i-Machu Picchu ePeru. Istock

Phezulu e-Andes yasePeru, idolobha lasendulo lama-Incan e-Machu Picchu limi njengobufakazi bobuhlakani bomuntu kanye nefa lamasiko. Njengoba iphakathi kwezintaba ezimangalisayo, le ndawo egcinwe ngendlela emangalisayo ikhexisa izivakashi ngezakhiwo zayo zamatshe ezimangalisayo kanye nokubukwa okumangalisayo. Injongo yokwakhiwa kwayo nezizathu zokuyekwa kwayo kungazelelwe kusalokhu kufihliwe, kusishiya sibambe ongezansi ngobukhazikhazi bayo bangaphambili.

8. Chichen Itza – Mexico

12 izindawo ezingcwele zasendulo ezingaqondakali okufanele uzivakashele empilweni yakho 6 — Iphiramidi yamaMaya yaseKukulcan eChichen Itza eMexico. NASA

IChichen Itza, etholakala eMexico, iyidolobha laseMayan elimangalisayo elaziwa ngethempeli lalo eliyinqaba elimangalisayo, i-El Castillo. Ukuma kombhoshongo wethempeli kanye nomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi kuye kwabahlaba umxhwele abacwaningi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwalo okungokomfanekiso nesayensi. Ukunemba okuyindida nezindlela zobunjiniyela ezithuthukisiwe ezasetshenziswa ekudalweni kwayo kuseyimpicabadala, enezela ekuheheni kwalesi simangaliso sasendulo. I-Chichen Itza ime njengobufakazi bempumelelo yezakhiwo zempucuko yamaMaya futhi iyindawo okufanele ivakashelwe kulabo abafuna ukubona kancane izimfihlakalo zesikhathi esidlule.

9. Petra - Jordan

12 izindawo ezingcwele zasendulo ezingaqondakali okufanele uzivakashele empilweni yakho 7 — IPetra, eyayaziwa izakhamuzi zakhona ngokuthi iRaqmu noma iRaqēmō, iyidolobha elinomlando nelemivubukulo eningizimu yeJordani. Indawo ezungeze iPetra yayihlalwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-7000 BC, futhi amaNabataea kungenzeka ukuthi azinza endaweni eyayizoba inhloko-dolobha yombuso wawo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-4 BC. I-Shutterstock

Itholakala eJordani yanamuhla, iPetra iyidolobha lasendulo elaqoshwa amaNabatean ngokuqondile edwaleni. Lesi siza esimangalisayo, iNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ye-UNESCO kusukela ngo-1985, iheha izivakashi ngezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye nohlelo oluhlaba umxhwele lwe-hydraulic. Uxhaxha oluyinkimbinkimbi lwemisele, amadamu, nemithombo yaphambukisa amanzi nagciniwe, okwenza leli dolobha likwazi ukuqhubeka liphila ogwadule oluwugwadule. Amasu okwakha kanye nokuhlela okuhlakaniphile okusetshenziswa amaNabatean ekudaleni leli dolobha elimangalisayo asakhanga abavubukuli, okwenza kube nokuqonda okubalulekile empucukweni yabo ethuthukile.

10. I-Nazca Lines - Peru

12 izindawo ezingcwele zasendulo ezingaqondakali okufanele uzivakashele empilweni yakho 8 — Omunye wemigqa yeNazca ubonisa inyoni enkulu enesithombe. I-Wikipedia

I-Nazca Lines iyi-geoglyphs yasendulo ethakazelisayo etholakala ePeru, eqoshwe phansi ogwadule. Le midwebo emikhulukazi ikhombisa izilwane, izitshalo, kanye nokwakheka kwejiyomethri, kusabalele endaweni eyomile. Zadalwa impucuko yamaNazca yasendulo phakathi kuka-500 BCE no-500 CE, injongo yazo ayikaziwa kuze kube namuhla. Imigqa mikhulu kangangokuthi ingaziswa ngokugcwele emoyeni, okuholela emibonweni yokuthi yayisebenza njengezindlela zodwendwe lwezenkolo noma izindawo zemikhosi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yezizathu ezingaqondakali, zezinkanyezi, noma ezingokomfanekiso, i-Nazca Lines iyaqhubeka nokuheha abavubukuli, izazi ze-anthropologists, nabahambi abafisa ukwazi ngokufanayo.

11. I-Oracle yaseDelphi - Greece

Ithempeli lika-Apollo/Delphi, lapho uThemistoclea ahlala khona futhi wafundisa uPythagoras izindlela zakhe. — Ithempeli lika-Apollo / Delphi, lapho uThemistoclea ahlala khona futhi wafundisa uPythagoras izindlela zakhe. I-Wikimedia Commons

I-Oracle yaseDelphi eGreece yayiyindawo yenkolo ehlonishwayo enikezelwe kunkulunkulu u-Apollo. I-Oracle, umpristikazi ogama lakhe linguPythia, wayezongena engqondo ukuze adlulisele iziprofetho ezivela ku-Apollo. Abantu okuhlanganisa amakhosi, abaholi, nabantu abavamile abavela ezindaweni zonke bafuna isiqondiso se-Oracle ngezinqumo ezibalulekile. Iziprofetho zaziyimfihlakalo, zidinga incazelo. Indawo yayihlanganisa iThempeli lika-Apollo, amagugu, inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, nenkundla yezemidlalo. Naphezu kokubhujiswa kwayo ngesikhathi uMbuso WamaRoma uguqukela ebuKristwini, ithonya le-Oracle ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki nomlando lihlala likhona.

12. Isango le-Aramu Muru – Peru

I-Aramu Muru Gateway — Umnyango we-Aramu Muru eningizimu yePeru eduze neLake Titicaca. Lo mnyango kukholakala ukuthi wenziwa abantu basendulo ababewusebenzisa ukuya kwezinye izindawo, kokubili iplanethi (Earth) kanye ne-extra-planetary. I-Wikimedia Commons

Amakhilomitha angaba ngu-35 ukusuka edolobheni lasePuno, eduze nomasipala waseJuli, inhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe saseChucuito, eduze neLake Titicaca, ePeru, kukhona i-portico yamatshe eqoshiwe amamitha ayisikhombisa ububanzi ngamamitha ayisikhombisa ukuphakama - iSango le-Aramu Muru. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Hayu Marca, isango ngokusobala aliholeli ndawo.

Ngokwenganekwane, eminyakeni engaba ngu-450 edlule, umpristi woMbuso Wama-Inca, wacasha ezintabeni ukuze avikele i-disk yegolide - eyadalwa onkulunkulu ukuze belaphe abagulayo futhi baqalise ama-amauta, abaqaphi abahlakaniphile besiko - kubanqobi baseSpain. Umpristi wayewazi umnyango ongaqondakali owawuphakathi nentaba. Ngenxa yolwazi lwakhe olukhulu, waphatha i-golden disk wahamba nayo futhi wakwazi ukungena kwezinye izilinganiso, lapho engabuyanga khona.