Txoj kev tshawb no taw qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lus Askiv thiab lus Indian thaum ub Sanskrit 8,000 xyoo dhau los

Cov ntoo hais lus nrog cov poj koob yawm txwv piv txwv txhawb nqa tus qauv hybrid rau keeb kwm ntawm Indo-European hom lus.

Kev tshuaj xyuas qhia tau hais tias tej zaum cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov lus Indo-European, suav nrog Askiv thiab Sanskrit, tej zaum yuav tau hais nyob ib puag ncig 8,100 xyoo dhau los.

Ib nplooj ntawv los ntawm 18th-xyoo pua daim ntawv luam ntawm Dhātupāṭha ntawm Pāṇini (MS Add.2351). Cambridge University Library
Ib nplooj ntawv los ntawm 18th-xyoo pua daim ntawv luam ntawm Dhātupāṭha ntawm Pāṇini (MS Add.2351). Cambridge University Library

Cov kws tshawb fawb, suav nrog cov neeg los ntawm Max Planck lub koom haum rau Evolutionary Anthropology hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, tau tshaj tawm tias lawv cov kev tshawb fawb yog "qhov tseem ceeb" hauv kev nkag siab txog qhov pib ntawm Indo-European hom lus, kev sib cav uas tau muaj nyob rau yuav luag ob puas xyoo.

Ob txoj kev xav tau raug npaj los piav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm tsev neeg ntawm cov lus tam sim no siv los ntawm ze li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg hauv ntiaj teb.

Lub tswv yim Steppe qhia tias qhov pib ntawm qhov no tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau thaj tsam Pontic-Caspian Steppe kwv yees li 6,000 xyoo dhau los.

Lub "Anatolian" lossis "kev ua liaj ua teb" kev xav hais tias lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm ib yam dab tsi txuas nrog kev pib ua liaj ua teb txog 9,000 xyoo dhau los.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb ua ntej txog Indo-European cov lus tsev neeg tau kos cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv vim qee qhov tsis raug thiab tsis sib xws hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv.

Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem no, ib pawg ntawm 80+ tus kws tshaj lij hais lus thoob ntiaj teb tau sau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los ntawm 161 hom lus Indo-European, uas suav nrog 52 hom lus qub lossis keeb kwm.

Kev tsom xam tsis ntev los no, tshwm sim hauv Science, tshawb xyuas seb cov lus sau qub, xws li Classical Latin thiab Vedic Sanskrit, yog cov thawj coj tam sim no ntawm Romance thiab Indic nplaig, raws li.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas cov keeb kwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv 100 yam lus tam sim no thiab 51 yam lus qub.

Txoj kev tshawb no qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lus Askiv thiab lus Indian thaum ub Sanskrit 8,000 xyoo dhau los 1
Cov lus tsev neeg pib sib txawv ntawm ib ncig ntawm 8,100 xyoo dhau los, tawm ntawm ib lub tebchaws tam sim ntawd sab qab teb ntawm Caucasus. Ib qho kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw tau mus txog Pontic-Caspian thiab Hav Zoov Steppe nyob ib ncig ntawm 7,000 xyoo dhau los, thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd tom qab kev tsiv teb tsaws tau kis mus rau cov teb chaws Europe ib ncig ntawm 5,000 xyoo dhau los. P. Heggarty et al., Science (2023)

Nws tshwm sim, raws li kev tshawb fawb, hais tias tsev neeg lus Indo-European tau nyob rau hauv 8,100 xyoo thiab hais tias los ntawm 7,000 xyoo dhau los, tsib ceg loj twb tau muab faib los ntawm nws.

Raws li tus kws sau ntawv Russell Grey, chronology ntawm txoj kev tshawb no tseem muaj zog thaum kuaj tawm tsam ntau yam phylogenetic qauv thiab kev soj ntsuam rhiab heev.

Dr Grey tau lees paub tias kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm DNA thaum ub thiab cov lus phylogenetics tuaj yeem muab cov lus teb rau qhov ntev-sawv Indo-European enigma, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab Steppe hypotheses.

Raws li qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tshiab kawg, qhov kev xav sib xyaw ua ke tau pom zoo rau qhov pib ntawm Indo-European hom lus. Nws tawm tswv yim lub teb chaws tseem ceeb nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Caucasus thiab lub tsev thib ob ntawm Steppe, los ntawm qhov uas qee cov lus Indo-European tuaj txog hauv Tebchaws Europe nrog kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm Yamnaya thiab Corded Ware cov neeg.

Paul Heggarty, tus pab txhawb rau txoj kev tshawb fawb, tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv DNA thaum ub tsis ntev los no taw qhia rau Anatolian ceg ntawm Indo-European los ntawm qhov chaw ze rau sab qaum teb ntawm Fertile Crescent, tsis yog los ntawm Steppe.

Dr. Heggarty tau hais tias cov lus tsev neeg tsob ntoo topology thiab kab lis kev cai faib cov hnub taw tes rau lwm ceg uas yuav kis tau los ntawm thaj chaw ntawd ncaj qha, tsis yog los ntawm Steppe.