Ngokuya ngocwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe ngumvubukuli waseYale uRichard Burger, Machu Picchu, itshe lesikhumbuzo elidumile le-Inca lekhulu le-15 eningizimu yePeru, likhulu ngamashumi eminyaka kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambili.
URichard Burger nabaphenyi bamayunivesithi amaningana aseMelika basebenzise i-accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), uhlobo oluphambili kakhulu lokuphola nge-radiocarbon, kuze kube yimanje izinsalela zabantu ezitholakale ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX esakhiweni esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nelinye izwe lase-Inca Emperor Pachacuti empumalanga Wezintaba ze-Andes.
Okutholakele kwabo, okushicilelwe ephephabhukwini i-Antiquity, kukhombisa ukuthi iMachu Picchu yayisetshenziswa cishe kusukela ku-AD 1420 kuya ku-AD 1530, iphela ngesikhathi sokunqotshwa kweSpain, ibeka isiza okungenani seminyaka engama-20 ubudala kunerekhodi elamukelwe lomlando lisikisela nokuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuqonda kwethu ukubalwa kwezikhathi kwe-Inca.
Ngokuya ngezindaba zomlando ezivela ekunqotshweni kweSpain kwe Umbuso we-Inca, IPachacuti yathola ukulawula ngo-1438 futhi kamuva yathumba i-Urubamba Valley engezansi, lapho kutholakala khona iMachu Picchu. Izazi zicabanga ukuthi isiza sakhiwa ngemuva kuka-AD 1440, futhi mhlawumbe emuva kuka-AD 1450, kuya ngokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani uPachacuti ukunqoba lesi sifunda nokwakha isigodlo samatshe.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-AMS kukhombisa ukuthi isikhathi esibekelwe ngokomlando asilungile. "Kuze kube muva nje, ukulinganiselwa kwesikhathi sakudala sikaMachu Picchu nobude bomsebenzi kwakuxhomeke emibhalweni ephikisanayo yomlando eyanyatheliswa abaseSpain ngemuva kokunqotshwa kweSpain," kusho uBurger, uCharles J. MacCurdy Professor of Anthropology eMnyangweni Wezobuciko Nesayensi waseYale. “Lolu ucwaningo lokuqala lwesayensi olunikeza ukulinganiselwa kokwakhiwa kweMachu Picchu nobude bendawo elalihlala kuyo, okusinikeza ukuqonda okugcwele ngokwengeziwe kwalesi siza imvelaphi nomlando. "
Lokhu kutholakala kusho ukuthi uPachacuti, umthetho wakhe owabeka i-Inca endleleni yokuba ngumbuso omkhulu kunawo wonke waseMelika, wavuka waba ngumbuso futhi waqala ukunqoba kwakhe emashumini eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba imithombo yezincwadi ikhombise. Njengomphumela, inamakhompiyutha wolwazi lwabantu jikelele lwe Umlando we-Inca, ngokusho kukaBurger.
"Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi umqondo wokukhula kombuso wamaInca osuselwe kakhulu emibhalweni yamakoloni kumele ubuyekezwe," wanezela. "Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla be-radiocarbon bunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokuhumusha ukubalwa kwezikhathi kwama-Inca kunemibhalo engokomlando."
Indlela ye-AMS ingahle ibhale amathambo namazinyo aqukethe nokuningi kokulandelwa kwezinto eziphilayo, ngakho-ke kwandisa isiziba sezinsalela ezamukelekayo ekuhlolweni kwesayensi. Abaphenyi bayisebenzisela ukuhlola amasampula abantu avela kubantu abangama-26 abaqoqwe emathuneni amane eMachu Picchu ngo-1912 ngesikhathi kumbiwa okwakuholwa nguprofesa waseYale uHiram Bingham III, owayesethole “itshe lesikhumbuzo” ngonyaka owedlule.
Ngokwalolu cwaningo, amathambo namazinyo asetshenziswe ekuhlaziyweni kwakungezabagcini, noma izinceku, ezazabelwe indlu yobukhosi. Izinsalela azikhombisi msebenzi omkhulu womzimba, njengokwakha, okukhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka kakhulu kusukela ngesikhathi lapho indawo yayisebenza njengesigodlo sezwe kunangesikhathi sakhiwa, ngokusho kwabaphenyi.
