Enye yezinsika eziyinhloko ze- usomkhathi wasendulo inkolelo yokuthi izidalwa zasendulo kungenzeka ukuthi zaphazamisa izinhlobo zabantu nezindlela zokuphila ' DNA. Imidwebo eminingi yasendulo ibonakala ifaka i-helix motif ye-DNA, okwenza ama-theorists aqagele: ngaphandle izidalwa zasiza ukuziphendukela kwabantu? Mhlawumbe baze benza nenzalo nge-DNA yabo?
Enye inkolelo ukuthi imiphakathi yasendulo yayazi ngeso lesithathu endlaleni yobuchopho. Ukufanekiselwa kwendlala emise okwe-pine kubonakala sengathi kuxhunyaniswe nezidalwa eziyinqaba ezibonakala ziguqula i- Tree of Life. Abanye babona lesi sihlahla njengesifanekisela i-DNA kanye nama-vertebrae womuntu.
Kunemibuzo eminingi engaphenduliwe. Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwehlo lesithathu ne DNA? Ngabe lezi zidalwa zasendulo zazinazo ulwazi oluthuthukile yokuthi ungasiguqula kanjani isakhiwo se-DNA ngokwazi okukhulu? Ngokuqinisekile, lokho kubonakala kungenangqondo. Nokho, abanye ososayensi namuhla babonakala befinyelela eziphethweni ezifanayo.
Ngaphambi kokungena kokutholakele okusha, khumbula ukuthi kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngokuqinisekile ngobuningi obukhulu be- DNA. Ku-2018, bathole uhlobo olusha olushaxekile lwe-DNA, i-motif, ifindo elinezintambo ezine zekhodi yezofuzo.
I-DNA emnyama
Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, ososayensi bakhipha abakutholile ku 'indaba emnyama' I-DNA, equkethe akuchaziwe ukulandelana okucishe kufane kuwo wonke ama-vertebrate, kufaka phakathi abantu, amagundane nezinkukhu. I-Dark DNA ibhekwa njengebalulekile empilweni, kepha ososayensi abazi empeleni ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yakha kanjani futhi yavela kanjani esikhathini esedlule. Empeleni, asazi ukuthi amaphesenti angama-98 e-DNA yethu enza kanjani, kodwa kancane kancane sifunda ukuthi akuyonaokungenamsoco" ngemva kwakho konke.
Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abasazi okuningi nge-DNA yethu yofuzo, abazi ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela ukwazi kwethu. Ngasikhathi sinye, uphenyo oluningi lubonakala lukhombisa ukuthi izinto ezingaphakathi kwamangqamuzana, ezemvelo namandla zingahle zishintshe DNA. Umkhakha we-epigenetics ubheka ukuthi ezinye izinto ngaphandle kwekhodi yethu yezakhi zofuzo ziyashintsha kanjani ukuthi siyini nokuthi siyini.
Ngokwezifundo ezithile, singashintsha i-DNA yethu ngezinhloso, imicabango nemizwelo yethu. Ukugcina ukucabanga okuhle nokuphatha kahle ukucindezeleka kungasisiza ukugcina inhlalakahle yethu engokomzwelo, kanye ne-DNA yethu yofuzo.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ucwaningo lwabesifazane abayi-11,500 abasengozini enkulu yokudangala ku i-United Kingdom ithole ukuthi i-mitochondrial DNA nobude be-telomere bashintshiwe.
Ngokusho kweScience Alert, okutholwe okuphawuleka kakhulu ukuthi abesifazane abanokucindezeleka okuhlobene nengcindezi, ukudabuka okuhambisana nokuhlukumezeka kwengane njengokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi babe ne-DNA ye-mitochondrial (mtDNA) eningi kunabalingani babo. IMitochondria yiwona 'powerhouse organelles' angaphakathi kwamaseli akhiphela amandla kuwo wonke amaseli ekudleni, futhi ukwanda kwe-DNA ye-mitochondrial kwenze abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi izidingo zamandla amaseli abo sezishintshile ekuphenduleni ukucindezeleka.
Lokhu kuguqulwa kwesakhiwo se-DNA kubonakala kusheshisa inqubo yokuguga. Ngemuva kokubukeza abakutholile, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi abesifazane abaphethwe yingcindezi ehlobene nengcindezi banama-telomere amafushane kunabesifazane abaphilile. Ama-Telomeres yizimbobo ezisekugcineni kwama-chromosomes ethu ajwayele ukuncipha njengoba sikhula, futhi abacwaningi bazibuza ukuthi ngabe ukucindezeleka kuyisheshisile yini le nqubo.
Olunye ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ukuzindla ne-yoga kungasiza ekugcineni ama-telomere. Ukuqhubeka nokuqhubeka, abanye ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi okwethu DNA ekugcineni ixhunyaniswe nokuziphatha kwethu okuphakeme ngokomoya. Ngokuvumelana ne imibono yasendulo ye-astronaut, sesivele sisondela ezingeni lokucabanga kwabantu basendulo. Uma lokhu kuzwakala kukuxaka kuwe, ungahle ungafuni ukuqhubeka ngoba izinto zizoba nzima.
Ingabe ikhona into efana ne-phantom DNA?
Ngo-1995, uVladimir Poponin, usosayensi we-quantum waseRussia, washicilela ucwaningo oludidayo olubizwa ngokuthi “Umphumela we-DNA Phantom ”. Ngokwalolo cwaningo babike uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezibonisa ukuthi i-DNA yomuntu ithonya ngqo umhlaba ophathekayo ngokusebenzisa lokho abathi yinkambu entsha yamandla exhumanisa laba ababili. Abaphenyi bathola ukuthi lapho ama-photon wokukhanya ekhona phambi kwe-DNA ephilayo, bazihlela ngokuhlukile.
Ngokuqinisekile i-DNA ibe nomthelela oqondile kuma-photon, njengokungathi iwakha amaphethini avamile ngamandla angabonakali. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba akukho lutho ku-physics yendabuko okungavumela lo mphumela. Noma kunjalo, kule ndawo elawulwayo, i-DNA into eyenza abantu yabonwa yaqoshwa yaba nomthelela oqondile ezintweni ze-quantum ezakha umhlaba wethu.
Okunye ukuhlolwa okwenziwa yi-US Army ngo-1993 kwahlola ukuthi amasampula e-DNA asabela kanjani emizweni evela kubaxhasi babantu. Amasampula e-DNA abebhekiwe ngenkathi abanikeli bebebuka amafilimu kwelinye igumbi. Ukusho, imizwa yomuntu ibe nomthelela ku-DNA, noma ngabe umuntu wayekude kangakanani nesampula le-DNA. Kubonakala njengesibonelo sokuxakaniseka kwe-quantum.
Lapho umnikeli ezwa 'iziqongo' zemizwelo futhi 'ecwilisa,' amaseli akhe ne-DNA bakhombisa ukusabela okunamandla kagesi ngasikhathi sinye. Ngaphandle kokuthi umnikeli wayehlukaniswe ngamamitha ayikhulu kude nesampula yakhe ye-DNA, i-DNA yaziphatha sengathi isanamathiselwe emzimbeni wayo. Umbuzo uthi, kungani? Kungaba yini isizathu salolu hlobo lokuvumelanisa okuxakile phakathi komnikeli nesampula lakhe le-DNA elihlukanisiwe.
Ukwenza izinto zingajwayelekile, lapho umuntu ekude ngamakhilomitha angama-350, isampula yakhe ye-DNA isaphendula ngasikhathi sinye. Kubukeka sengathi laba bobabili babexhunywe yi akuchaziwe inkambu yamandla - amandla angenayo incazelo efanelekile yesayensi kuze kube namuhla.
Lapho umnikeli eba nokuhlangenwe nakho okungokomzwelo, i-DNA esampulini yasabela sengathi isenamathele ngandlela thile emzimbeni womnikeli. Ngalo mbono, njengoba uDkt. Jeffrey Thompson, osebenza naye eCleve Backster, esho kahle kakhulu: “Ayikho indawo lapho umzimba womuntu ume khona ngempela futhi akukho lapho uqala khona. "
Ukuhlolwa kwesithathu kwe-HeartMath ngo-1995 ngokufanayo kukhombisa ukuthi imizwa yabantu ingathinta ukwakheka kwe-DNA. UGlen Rein noRollin McCraty bathole ukuthi iDNA ishintshile ngokuya ngokuthi ababambiqhaza bacabangani ngayo.
Lezi zifundo zikhombise ukuthi izinhloso ezahlukahlukene zenze imithelela ehlukile kwi-molecule ye-DNA, okuyiholela emoyeni noma ekuphumuleni, ngokusho komunye wabaphenyi. Ngokusobala, imiphumela idlula lokho okuye kwavunyelwa inkolelo-mbono yesayensi kuze kube manje.
Lokhu kuhlolwa okwenziwe eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule kusikisela ukuthi: Imicabango enekhono lokuguqula ukwakheka kwe-DNA yethu, ngendlela ethile engaqondakali, sixhunyaniswe ne-DNA yethu futhi ukudlidliza kwama-photon of light asizungezile kuguqulwa yi-DNA yethu.
Abantu abaningi bazothola lemiqondo iyinqaba, kepha iqiniso livame ukungaqondakali kunezinganekwane. Ngokufanayo, ososayensi abasunguliwe nabangabazayo kudala bachitha izazi zakudala zezazi zezinkanyezi'imibuzo engenangqondo. Imibiko yeScientific American ithi, umbono we abafokazi basendulo kusekelwe ephutheni elinengqondo elaziwa njenge “Argumentum ad ignorantiam”, noma “Impikiswano evela ekungazini.”
Ukucabanga okunonya kuhamba kanjena: Uma ingekho incazelo eyanele yasemhlabeni, ngokwesibonelo, Imigqa yeNazca yasePeru, Izithombe ze-Easter Island, noma Imibhoshongo yaseGibhithe, bese kuba i-hypothesis yokuthi zadalwa ngu njengabafokazi kusuka emkhathini kufanele kube yiqiniso.
Iqiniso ukuthi asinayo incazelo enhle yokuthi abantu baguqukela kanjani kwifomu labo lamanje. Sonke sisafuna izimpendulo, kepha iqiniso lingase limangaze kakhulu kunanoma ngubani kithi. Ngeke sazi ukuthi asinayo yini ingqondo evulekile, futhi mhlawumbe lokho kuyisihluthulelo sokuvula izimpendulo ezifihlwe ekujuleni kwekhodi yasendulo eyaziwa njenge-DNA.
