I-Easter Island eseningizimu-mpumalanga yePacific Ocean, eChile, ingelinye lamazwe ahlukaniswe kakhulu emhlabeni. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka lesi siqhingi siguquke sodwa nomphakathi waso oyingqayizivele owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ngabantu baseRapa Nui. Futhi ngezizathu ezingaziwa, baqala ukuqopha imifanekiso emikhulu yedwala lentaba-mlilo.
Lezi zithombe ezinkulu, ezaziwa ngokuthi iMoai, zingenye yezinsalela zasendulo ezimangalisa kunazo zonke ezake zatholakala. Isayensi ibeka imibono eminingi ngemfihlakalo yase-Easter Island, kepha yonke le mibono iyaphikisana, futhi iqiniso alisaziwa.
Umsuka WeRapa Nui
Abavubukuli banamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi abantu bokuqala futhi okuwukuphela kwabo kulesi siqhingi kwakuyiqembu elihlukile labantu basePolynesia, abake bangenisa lapha, base bengenakho ukuxhumana nezwe labo. Kuze kube yilolo suku oluyinhlekelele ngo-1722 lapho, ngeSonto lePhasika, umDashi uJacob Roggeveen ethola lesi siqhingi. Wayengumuntu wokuqala waseYurophu ukuthola lesi siqhingi esiyindida. Lokhu okutholwe okungokomlando kamuva kwasusa impikiswano eshubile ngemvelaphi yeRapa Nui.
UJacob Roggeveen nabasebenzi bakhe balinganisela ukuthi kwakukhona izakhamuzi eziyizi-2,000 3,000 kuya kwezi-100 12,000 kulesi siqhingi. Ngokusobala, abahloli bamazwe babika izakhamizi ezimbalwa nezimbalwa njengoba iminyaka yayiqhubeka, kuze kube sekugcineni, inani labantu lancipha laba ngaphansi kuka-XNUMX emashumini ambalwa eminyaka. Manje, kulinganiselwa ukuthi inani lesiqhingi lalicishe libe yi-XNUMX esicongweni salo.
Akekho ongavuma ngesizathu esiphelele sokuthi yini edale ukwehla okungazelelwe kwezakhamizi zakulesi siqhingi noma umphakathi waso. Kungenzeka ukuthi lesi siqhingi asikwazanga ukondla imithombo eyanele yabantu abaningi kangako, okwaholela empini yezizwe. Izakhamizi nazo zazingabulawa yindlala, njengoba kufakazelwa izinsalela zamathambo amagundane aphekiwe atholakala kulesi siqhingi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izazi zithi ukwanda ngokweqile kwamagundane kudale ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi esiqhingini ngokudla yonke imbewu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abagawula izihlahla bazishise basheshise inqubo. Ngenxa yalokho, wonke umuntu wadlula ekusweleni izinsizakusebenza, okwaholela ekuweni kwamagundane futhi ekugcineni kwabantu.
Abaphenyi babika abantu abaxubile esiqhingini, futhi kwakukhona abantu abanebala elinsundu, kanye nabantu ababenesikhumba esihle. Abanye babeze babe nezinwele ezibomvu nebala elisonjiwe. Lokhu akuxhunyanisiwe ngokuphelele nenguqulo yasePolynesia yemvelaphi yabantu bendawo, yize kunobufakazi obukade bukhona bokuxhasa ukufuduka kwezinye iziqhingi ezisePacific Ocean.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi abantu baseRapa Nui bahambela lesi siqhingi maphakathi neSouth Pacific besebenzisa izikebhe ezenziwe ngokhuni cishe ngo-800 CE - yize omunye umbono usikisela cishe ngonyaka ka-1200 CE. Ngakho-ke abavubukuli basaxoxa ngombono wesazi esidala nomhloli wamazwe uThor Heyerdahl.
Kumanothi akhe, uHeyerdahl usho ngabase-Islanders, ababehlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana. Abantu baseziqhingini abanebala elikhanyayo babehamba ngemoto ende ezindlebeni. Imizimba yabo yadwetshwa kakhulu, futhi bakhonza izithombe ezinkulu zeMoai, benza umkhosi phambi kwabo. Ingabe kukhona okungenzeka ukuthi abantu abanebala elikhanyayo bake bahlala phakathi kwamaPolynesia esiqhingini esikude kangaka?
Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-Easter Island yaxazululwa ngezigaba zamasiko amabili ahlukene. Isiko elilodwa lalivela ePolynesia, elinye livela eSouth America, mhlawumbe lasePeru, lapho kwakutholakala khona izidumbu zabantu basendulo abanezinwele ezibomvu.
Imfihlakalo ye-Easter Island ayigcini lapha, kunezinto eziningi kakhulu ezingavamile ezixhunyaniswe nalo mhlaba ohlukanisiwe womlando. URongorongo neRapamycin babili ngokuthakazelisayo.
Rongorongo - Imibhalo Engachazwanga
Lapho izithunywa zevangeli zifika e-Easter Island ngawo-1860, zathola amaphilisi okhuni aqoshwe izimpawu. Babuza abomdabu baseRapa Nui ukuthi le mibhalo isho ukuthini, batshelwa ukuthi akusekho muntu owaziyo, ngoba abasePeru babebulale zonke izazi. IRapa Nui yasebenzisa amaphilisi njengezinkuni zokubasa noma izinsimbi zokudoba, kwathi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, cishe zonke zase zingasekho. URongorongo ubhalwe ngezindlela eziguqukayo; ufunda umugqa ukusuka kwesobunxele uye kwesokudla, bese uvula ithebhulethi ama-degree ayi-180 bese ufunda umugqa olandelayo.
Kube nemizamo eminingi yokuqonda umbhalo we-rongorongo we-Easter Island selokhu watholakala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Njengakwezikripthi eziningi ezingachazwanga, iziphakamiso eziningi beziyindabamlonyeni. Ngaphandle kwengxenye yethebhulethi eyodwa ekhonjisiwe ukuthi isebenza ngekhalenda yenyanga, awukho nowodwa umbhalo oqondwayo, futhi nekhalenda alikwazi ukufundwa. Akwaziwa ukuthi i-rongorongo imele ngqo ulimi lwe-Rapa Nui noma cha.
Ochwepheshe besigaba esisodwa sethebhulethi abakwazanga ukufunda amanye amathebulethi, bephakamisa ukuthi i-rongorongo akuyona uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe, noma ukuthi ukubhala ngamaphoto kudinga ukuthi umfundi awazi kakade umbhalo.
I-Rapamycin: Isihluthulelo Sokungafi
Amagciwane ayisimangaliso e-Easter Island angaba ukhiye wokungafi. I-Rapamycin, noma owaziwa nangokuthi i- USirolimus, ngumuthi owawutholakala ekuqaleni kuma-bacteria e-Easter Island. Abanye ososayensi bathi kungamisa inqubo yokuguga futhi kube yisihluthulelo sokungafi. Kungakhulisa izimpilo zamagundane amadala ngamaphesenti ayi-9 kuye kwayi-14, futhi kukhulisa impilo ende yezimpukane nemvubelo futhi. Yize ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi iRapamycin inenhlanganisela yokulwa nokuguga, ayinangozi futhi ochwepheshe abaqiniseki ukuthi umphumela kanye nemiphumela engemihle kungaba yini ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside.
Isiphetho
Ososayensi kungenzeka bangaze bathole impendulo eqondile yokuthi amaPolynesia aqola nini lesi siqhingi nokuthi kungani impucuko yawa ngokushesha okungaka. Eqinisweni, kungani babezibeka engozini yokuhamba olwandle oluvulekile, kungani banikele impilo yabo ekuqopheni iMoai ngaphandle kwe-tuff - umlotha wentaba-mlilo ohlangene. Noma ngabe uhlobo lwegundane noma lwabantu olonakalisayo lwacekela phansi imvelo, i-Easter Island ihlala iyindaba exwayisayo emhlabeni.
