Pansi pa nyanjayi pali cholengedwa chodabwitsa kwambiri chomwe chachititsa chidwi asayansi ndi chidwi cha anthu ambiri: octopus. Nthawi zambiri amaonedwa kuti ndi ena mwa ambiri zolengedwa zachinsinsi ndi zanzeru m’zinyama, kuthekera kwawo kwapadera ndi maonekedwe a dziko lina zadzetsa ku malingaliro opatsa maganizo amene amakayikira chiyambi chawo. Kodi zingatheke kuti ma cephalopods odabwitsa awa alidi alendo akale kuchokera kunja? Zonena zolimba mtimazi zadziwika posachedwapa chifukwa cha mapepala angapo asayansi osonyeza kuti zamoyo za m’nyanja zochititsa chidwizi zinachokera kuthambo.
Kuphulika kwa Cambrian ndi kulowererapo kwakunja
Lingaliro lakuti octopus ndi zinthu zakuthambo zitha kumveka ngati nthano zasayansi, koma kafukufuku wochulukirapo wawunikira zomwe zidawoneka bwino. Ngakhale kuti chiyambi chenicheni cha chisinthiko cha ma cephalopods chimakhalabe nkhani yotsutsana, makhalidwe awo odabwitsa, kuphatikizapo machitidwe ovuta a mitsempha, luso lapamwamba lotha kuthetsa mavuto, ndi luso losintha mawonekedwe, zadzutsa mafunso osangalatsa.
Choncho, kuti timvetse mfundo yakuti octopus ndi alendo, choyamba tiyenera kufufuza Kuphulika kwa Cambrian. Chochitika chachisinthiko ichi, chomwe chinachitika zaka pafupifupi 540 miliyoni zapitazo, chikuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kofulumira komanso kutuluka kwa mitundu yovuta yamoyo Padziko Lapansi. Asayansi ambiri amanena kuti zimenezi Kuphulika kwa moyo kungabwere chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa mlengalenga, osati zochitika zapadziko lapansi. A pepala lasayansi akuwonetsa kuti kuwonekera kwadzidzidzi kwa nyamakazi ndi ma cephalopods ena panthawiyi zitha kukhala umboni wotsimikizira izi. extraterrestrial hypothesis.
Panspermia: Kubzala moyo padziko lapansi
Lingaliro la panspermia limapanga maziko a lingaliro lakuti octopus ndi alendo. Panspermia amalingalira zimenezo zamoyo pa Dziko Lapansi zinachokera ku magwero akunja, monga comets kapena meteorites zonyamula zomangira za moyo. Izi oyenda zakuthambo akadatha kuyambitsa mitundu yamoyo yatsopano, kuphatikiza ma virus ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ku dziko lathu lapansi. Pepalalo likuwonetsa kuti ma octopus mwina adafika padziko lapansi ngati mazira osungidwa, operekedwa ndi madzi oundana zaka mazana mamiliyoni zapitazo.
Zosokoneza mu mtengo wa moyo
Octopus ali ndi mikhalidwe yodabwitsa yomwe imawapangitsa kukhala osiyana ndi zolengedwa zina. Manjenje awo otukuka kwambiri, zizolowezi zawo zovuta, ndi luso lapamwamba lobisala zinthu zadabwitsa asayansi kwa zaka zambiri. Malinga ndi asayansi, mikhalidwe yapaderayi ndi yovuta kufotokoza kokha kudzera muzochitika zachisinthiko. Akuganiza kuti octopus mwina adapeza mikhalidwe imeneyi kudzera mu kubwereketsa chibadwa chamtsogolo kapena, mochititsa chidwi, kuchokera ku magwero akunja.
Funso la zovuta za majini
Ma genetic a ma cephalopods monga octopus ndi squids avumbulutsa zinthu zododometsa kwambiri. chiphunzitso chachilendo. Mosiyana ndi zolengedwa zambiri pa Dziko Lapansi, zomwe ma genetic code amapangidwa DNA, ma cephalopods ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera a chibadwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa RNA ngati njira yayikulu yoyendetsera. Izi zimapangitsa asayansi kukhulupirira kuti zovuta za chibadwa chawo zikhoza kukhala zinachita kusinthika paokha kapena zikhoza kugwirizana ndi mzera wakale wosiyana ndi zamoyo zina pa Dziko Lapansi.
Malingaliro a munthu wokayikira pa lingaliro lachilendo la octopus
Ngakhale kuti lingaliro la nyamakazi kukhala alendo likusangalatsa, sikungakhale kwanzeru kuganiza kuti zonena zomwe zafotokozedwa m'mapepala asayansiwa ndi zolondola popanda kuzifufuza mozama. Asayansi ambiri amakayikirabe, akuwonetsa zofooka zingapo m'malingaliro. Chimodzi mwazotsutsa zazikulu ndikusowa kwa kafukufuku wozama mu biology ya cephalopod m'maphunzirowa. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhalapo kwa ma octopus genomes ndi maubwenzi awo osinthika ndi zamoyo zina zimatsutsa lingaliro la chiyambi chakunja.
Komanso, ma genetics a octopus amakopa mbiri yawo yachisinthiko Padziko Lapansi ndikutsutsa alien hypothesis. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti majini a octopus amagwirizana ndi kumvetsetsa kwathu kwaposachedwa kwa chisinthiko cha dziko lapansi, kutanthauza kusiyana pang'onopang'ono ndi makolo awo a nyamakazi pafupifupi zaka 135 miliyoni zapitazo. Zomwe anapezazi zikusonyeza kuti makhalidwe apadera omwe amapezeka mu octopus amatha kufotokozedwa kudzera muzochitika zachilengedwe osati kulowererapo kwakunja.
Kucholoŵana kwa mmene moyo unayambira
Funso lonena za mmene moyo unayambira ndi limodzi mwa mafunso ofunika kwambiri zinsinsi mu sayansi. Ngakhale lingaliro lachilendo la octopus limawonjezera kupotoza kochititsa chidwi pakukhalapo kwake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuganizira mozama. Asayansi apereka malingaliro osiyanasiyana, monga abiogenesis ndi hydrothermal vent hypotheses, kuti afotokoze za kutuluka kwa moyo pa Dziko Lapansi.
Ngakhale asayansi ena amanena kuti makhalidwe odabwitsa a nyamayi ndi ma octopus amatha chifukwa cha kusintha kwawo modabwitsa kumadera osiyanasiyana omwe amakhala. Ena amatsutsa kuti mikhalidwe yapaderayi idasinthika kudzera mu chisinthiko chofananira, momwe zamoyo zosagwirizana zimakhala ndi mikhalidwe yofananira chifukwa cha kukakamiza kosankha kofanana. Kufunafuna mayankho kukupitirizabe, ndipo lingaliro lachilendo la octopus lidakali ngati umboni wa kucholowana kwa magwero a moyo.
Cephalopod intelligence
Ma cephalopods, omwe amaphatikizapo octopus, squid, ndi cuttlefish, amadziwika kuti ndi anzeru kwambiri. Iwo ali kwambiri otukuka mantha dongosolo ndi ubongo waukulu mogwirizana ndi kukula kwa thupi lawo. Zina mwa luso lawo lachidziwitso ndi izi:
Maluso othana ndi mavuto: Ma cephalopods adawonedwa kuti athetse ma puzzles ovuta ndi mazes, kuwonetsa luso lawo lokonzekera ndikuchita njira zopezera mphotho.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zida: Octopus, makamaka, adawonedwa pogwiritsa ntchito miyala, zipolopolo za kokonati, ndi zinthu zina ngati zida. Akhoza kusintha zinthu kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zawo, monga kutsegula mitsuko kuti apeze chakudya.
Kubisala ndi kutsanzira: Ma Cephalopod ali ndi luso lodzibisa kwambiri, lomwe limawalola kusintha khungu ndi mawonekedwe awo mwachangu kuti agwirizane ndi malo omwe amakhala. Amathanso kutengera maonekedwe a nyama zina pofuna kuthamangitsa adani kapena kukopa nyama.
Kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira: Ma Cephalopods awonetsa luso lophunzirira mochititsa chidwi, kusintha mwachangu malo atsopano ndikukumbukira malo ndi zochitika zinazake. Angathenso kuphunzira mwa kuyang'anitsitsa, kupeza maluso atsopano poyang'ana anthu ena amtundu wawo.
Kulankhulana: Ma Cephalopods amalankhulana wina ndi mnzake kudzera mu zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, monga kusintha kwa khungu ndi mawonekedwe, kaimidwe ka thupi, ndi kutulutsa zizindikiro za mankhwala. Amathanso kuwonetsa ziwopsezo kapena machenjezo ku ma cephalopods ena.
Amakhulupirira kuti nyamayi ndi yanzeru pang'ono kuposa octopus ndi cuttlefish; komabe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyamayi imakhala yochuluka kwambiri komanso imawonetsa mauthenga ambiri ochezera a pa Intaneti, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ochita kafukufuku ena atsimikize kuti nyamayi ndi yofanana ndi agalu ponena za luntha.
Kuvuta ndi kusinthika kwa luntha la cephalopod kukuphunziridwabe, ndipo kafukufuku wowonjezera akufunika kuti amvetsetse kukula kwa luntha lawo la kuzindikira.
Octopus ngati zitsanzo zanzeru zachilendo
Mosasamala kanthu komwe adachokera, ma octopus amapereka mwayi wapadera wophunzira nzeru zomwe zingasiyane kwambiri ndi zathu. Luntha lawo logawidwa, lokhala ndi ma neuron omwe amafalikira m'mikono yawo ndi zoyamwitsa, zimatsutsa kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa kuzindikira. Asayansi ngati Dominic Sivitilli ku yunivesite ya Washington akufufuza zovuta za octopus intelligence kuti adziwe momwe nzeru zingawonekere pa mapulaneti ena. Pophunzira za octopus, titha kuzindikira mitundu yatsopano yazovuta zamaganizidwe.
Malire a sayansi ndi zongopeka
Lingaliro lachilendo la octopus limadutsa pamzere pakati pa zofufuza zasayansi ndi zongopeka. Ngakhale zimadzutsa chidwi ndikuyitanitsa zotheka zongoganizira, zilibe umboni wamphamvu wofunikira kuti uvomerezedwe ndi asayansi. Monga momwe zimakhalira zongopeka, kufufuza kwina ndi chidziwitso chofunikira ndizofunikira kuti tithandizire kapena kutsutsa zonenazi. Sayansi imachita bwino pa kukayikira, kuyesa mwamphamvu, ndi kufunafuna chidziwitso mosalekeza.
malingaliro Final
Lingaliro lakuti octopus ndi alendo ochokera kunja ndi lingaliro lochititsa chidwi lomwe limakankhira malire a kumvetsetsa kwathu. Ngakhale mapepala asayansi akupereka lingaliro ili lakopa chidwi, tisaiwale kuti tiyenera kuyiyandikira ndi malingaliro otsutsa - monga ambiri. zinsinsi zokhudza chiyambi ndi chisinthiko ma cephalopods amakhalabe osathetsedwa.
Umboni womwe waperekedwa m'mapepalawa wakumana ndi zokayikitsa za akatswiri omwe amawonetsa kusowa kwa umboni wotsimikizika. Komabe, kusamvetsetseka kwa nyamakazi kukupitirizabe kusonkhezera kufufuza kwasayansi, kumatipangitsa kuona zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zamitundumitundu ndi kugwirizana kwake, ngati kulipo, kukuya kwa mlengalenga.
Monga tikuwululira zinsinsi za chilengedwe chonse ndi fufuzani zakuya kwa nyanja zathu, kuthekera kokumana ndi nzeru zachilendo kumakhalabe kosangalatsa. Kaya ali octopus kapena ayi zinthu zakunja, zikupitirizabe kukopa malingaliro athu ndi kutikumbutsa za kucholowana ndi kudabwitsa kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe chimene timakhalamo.
Mukawerenga za chiyambi chodabwitsa cha octopus, werengani za Immortal Jellyfish imatha kubwereranso ku unyamata wake mpaka kalekale, ndiye werengani za Zolengedwa 44 zachilendo padziko lapansi zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo.
