Malo ambiri ofunikira, zinthu, zikhalidwe ndi magulu m'mbiri yonse adatayika, zomwe zidalimbikitsa ofukula mabwinja ndi osaka chuma padziko lonse lapansi kuti awafufuze. Kukhalapo kwa ena mwa malowa kapena zinthu, makamaka za m'mbiri yakale, ndizodabwitsa ndipo zimakayikirabe.
Tikudziwa kuti pali masauzande ambirimbiri a nkhani ngati izi tikayamba kuwerengera, koma pano m'nkhaniyi, talemba mbiri yotchuka kwambiri ya 'mbiri yotayika' yomwe ndi yodabwitsa komanso yochititsa chidwi nthawi yomweyo:
1 | Mbiri idatayika kale
Troy
The Ancient City Troy - mzinda womwe unali malo a Trojan War ofotokozedwa mu Greek Epic Cycle, makamaka ku Iliad, imodzi mwandakatulo ziwiri zamatsenga zomwe Homer adalemba. Troy adadziwika ndi Heinrich Schliemann, wochita bizinesi waku Germany komanso mpainiya pantchito zakale. Ngakhale izi zatsutsidwa. Kupezeka mzaka za m'ma 1870, mzindawu udatayika pakati pa 12th century BC ndi 14th century BC.
Olympia
Malo achi Greek opembedzera Olimpiki, tawuni yaying'ono ku Elis pachilumba cha Peloponnese ku Greece, yotchuka chifukwa chopezeka pafupi ndi malo ofukula mabwinja omwe ali ndi dzina lomweli, yomwe inali malo opembedza achikunja a ku Greece akale ku Greece, komwe kumachitikira Masewera a Olimpiki akale. Anapezeka ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale aku Germany ku 1875.
Magulu otayika a Varus
Magulu Otayika A Varus adawonedwa komaliza mu 15 AD ndikupezekanso mu 1987. Publius Quinctilius Varus anali kazembe wachiroma komanso wandale motsogozedwa ndi mfumu yoyamba ya Roma Augustus pakati pa 46 BC ndi Seputembara 15, 9 AD. Varus amakumbukiridwa chifukwa chotaya magulu ankhondo atatu achiroma pomwe adazunguliridwa ndi mafuko aku Germany motsogozedwa ndi Arminius pa Nkhondo ya ku Teutoburg Forest, pomwe adadzipha.
Pompeii
Mizinda ya Roma ya Pompeii, Herculaneum, Stabiae, ndi Oplontis yonse ili m'manda kuphulika kwa Phiri la Vesuvius. Inatayika 79 AD, ndikupezekanso mu 1748.
Nuestra Señora de Atocha
Nuestra Señora de Atocha, malo oyendetsa chuma ku Spain komanso sitima zodziwika bwino kwambiri zombo zomwe zidamira mu mphepo yamkuntho yochokera ku Florida Keys mu 1622. Inapezeka mu 1985. Atamira, Nuestra Señora de Atocha anali atadzazidwa kwambiri ndi mkuwa, siliva, golide, fodya, miyala yamtengo wapatali, ndi indigo ochokera kumadoko aku Spain ku Cartagena ndi Porto Bello ku New Granada - masiku ano aku Colombia ndi Panama, motsatana - ndi Havana, opita ku Spain. Sitimayo idatchulidwa kuti parishi ya Atocha ku Madrid.
RMS Titanic
RMS Titanic idatayika mu 1912, ndipo idapezeka mu 1985. Ndani sakudziwa za nthano yonyamula anthu iyi yaku Britain yoyendetsedwa ndi White Star Line yomwe idamira ku North Atlantic Ocean m'mawa kwambiri pa 15 Epulo 1912, atachita ngozi madzi oundana paulendo wake woyamba wochokera ku Southampton kupita ku New York City? Mwa anthu okwera 2,224 omwe adakwera nawo, opitilira 1,500 adamwalira, ndikupangitsa kuti kuzama kwawo kukhala ngozi yoopsa kwambiri m'mbiri yamasiku ano yamalonda am'madzi.
2 | Mbiri yotayika
Mafuko khumi a Israeli atayika
Mitundu Khumi Yotayika ya Israeli idatayika kutsatira kuwukira kwa Asuri mu 722 BC. Mitundu khumi yotayika inali khumi mwa Mitundu Khumi ndi iwiri ya Israeli yomwe akuti idachotsedwa ku Kingdom of Israel itagonjetsedwa ndi Ufumu wa Neo-Asuri cha m'ma 722 BCE. Awa ndi mafuko a Rubeni, Simiyoni, Dani, Nafitali, Gadi, Aseri, Isakara, Zebuloni, Manase ndi Efereimu. Madandaulo ochokera kumafuko "otayika" aperekedwa mogwirizana ndi magulu ambiri, ndipo zipembedzo zina zimalimbikitsa lingaliro laumesiya kuti mafuko abwerera. M'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chisanu ndi chitatu CE, kubwerera kwa mafuko omwe adatayika kudalumikizidwa ndi lingaliro lakudza kwa mesiya.
Gulu lankhondo lotayika la Cambyses:
Lost Army of Cambyses II - gulu lankhondo lankhondo la 50,000 lomwe linasowa mumkuntho wamchenga m'chipululu cha Aigupto cha m'ma 525 BC. Cambyses II anali Mfumu yachiwiri ya Mafumu mu Ufumu wa Akaemenid kuyambira 530 mpaka 522 BC. Anali mwana komanso wolowa m'malo mwa Koresi Wamkulu.
Likasa la Pangano:
Likasa la Pangano, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti Likasa la Umboni, komanso m'mavesi ochepa omasulira osiyanasiyana ngati Likasa la Mulungu, linali bokosi lokutidwa ndi golide lokutidwa ndi golide lomwe linali ndi chivundikiro chotchulidwa m'buku la Ekisodo momwe munali mwalawo magome a Malamulo Khumi. Malinga ndi zolemba zosiyanasiyana za m'Baibulo lachihebri, mulinso ndodo ya Aroni ndi mphika wa mana.
Likasa la Pangano linatayika Ababulo atalowa mu Yerusalemu. Chiyambireni kupezeka m'nkhani ya m'Baibulo, pakhala pali manenedwe angapo oti apeza kapena kuti ali ndi Likasa, ndipo malo angapo mwina akuti anali pomwepo kuphatikiza:
Phiri la Nebo ku Yerusalemu, The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church ku Axum, phanga lakuya kumapiri a Dumghe ku Southern Africa, Chartres Cathedral yaku France, Tchalitchi cha St. John Lateran ku Roma, Phiri la Sinai ku Chigwa cha Edomu, Herdewyke ku Warwickshire, England, Phiri la Tara ku Ireland ndi zina zambiri.
Ngakhale ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Anubis Shrine (Shrine 261) wa Manda a Farao Tutankhamun, omwe amapezeka m'chigwa cha Kings, Egypt, akhoza kukhala Likasa la Pangano.
Fano la Marduk
Chiboliboli cha Marduk - chifanizo chachipembedzo chofunikira ku Babulo chidatayika panthawi ina mzaka 5 mpaka 1 BC. Chodziwikanso kuti Statue of Bêl, Statue ya Marduk chinali choyimira cha mulungu Marduk, mulungu woyang'anira mzinda wakale wa Babulo, womwe mwamwambo umakhala mkachisi wamkulu wamzindawu, Esagila.
Grail Woyera
Holy Grail, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Holy Chalice, ili mu miyambo ina yachikhristu chotengera chomwe Yesu adagwiritsa ntchito pa Mgonero Womaliza popereka vinyo. Amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi mphamvu zamatsenga. Polemekeza ena, zinthu zingapo zakale zidadziwika kuti Holy Grail. Zojambula ziwiri, imodzi ku Genoa ndi imodzi ku Valencia, idadziwika kwambiri ndipo imadziwika kuti Holy Grail.
Gulu Lankhondo Lachisanu ndi Chinayi
Gulu Lankhondo Lachisanu ndi Chinayi linasowa m'mbiri pambuyo pa 120 AD. Legio IX Hispana anali gulu lankhondo lachifumu lachifumu lachifumu lomwe lidalipo kuyambira zaka za zana loyamba BC mpaka pafupifupi AD 1. Gulu lankhondo lankhondo lomenya nkhondo kumadera osiyanasiyana akumapeto kwa Roma Republic komanso koyambirira kwa Ufumu wa Roma. Unali ku Britain kutsatira kuwukira kwa Aroma mu 120 AD. Asitikaliwo adasowa m'mabuku achiroma omwe adatsalira pambuyo pa c. AD 43 ndipo palibe nkhani yomwe ilipo ya zomwe zidachitika.
Colon Roanoke
Pakati pa 1587 ndi 1588, Roanoke Colony waku Roanoke Island, North Carolina Settlers a koloni yoyamba yaku England ku New World asowa, kusiya malo osiyidwa ndipo dzina loti "Croatoan," dzina la chilumba chapafupi, lidalembedwa.
Dzenje Lachuma Pachilumba cha Oak
Money Pit Pachilumba cha Oak, chuma chotayika kuyambira chaka cha 1795 chisanachitike. Chilumba cha Oak chimadziwika kwambiri pamalingaliro osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi chuma chokwiriridwa kapena zolemba zakale, komanso kuwunika komwe kumachitika.
Sitima ya Mahogany
Sitima ya Mahogany - chombo chakale chomwe chidasweka pafupi ndi Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia. Idawonetsedwa komaliza mu 1880.
Mgodi wagolide wotayika waku Dutchman
Malinga ndi nthano yotchuka yaku America, mgodi wagolide wolemera wabisika kwinakwake kumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States. Amakhulupirira kuti malowa ali kumapiri a Superstition, pafupi ndi Apache Junction, kum'mawa kwa Phoenix, Arizona. Kuyambira 1891, pakhala pali nkhani zambiri zonena za momwe mungapezere mgodi, ndipo chaka chilichonse anthu amafufuza mgodi. Ena amwalira posaka.
Mace a Victoria kunyumba yamalamulo
Mace a Nyumba Yamalamulo aku Victoria adatayika kapena kubedwa kuti asapezekenso. Mu 1891, mace wamtengo wapatali wam'zaka zamakedzana adabedwa ku Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Victoria, zomwe zidadzetsa zinsinsi zosadziwika kwambiri m'mbiri ya Australia.
Zovala za korona zaku Ireland
The Jewels Belongong of the Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Irish Crown Jewels kapena State Jewels of Ireland, anali nyenyezi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi baji regalia zopangidwa mu 1831 kwa Wolamulira Wamkulu ndi Grand Master of the Order of St. Patrick. Adabedwa ku Dublin Castle mu 1907 limodzi ndi ma kolala a ma knights asanu a dongosololi. Kuba kumeneku sikunathetsedwe ndipo zokongoletserazo sizinapezeke.
Alongo amapasa
Alongo Amapasa, ma cannon awiri ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gulu lankhondo la Texas munthawi ya Texas Revolution ndi American Civil War, adatayika mu 1865.
Amelia Earhart ndi ndege yake
Amelia Mary Earhart anali mpainiya waku America komanso wolemba. Earhart anali mkazi woyamba kuyenda pandege kuwuluka payekha kuwoloka Nyanja ya Atlantic. Adalemba zolemba zina zambiri, adalemba mabuku ogulitsidwa kwambiri za zomwe adakumana nazo zouluka, ndipo adathandizira pakupanga The Ninety-Nines, bungwe la azimayi oyendetsa ndege.
Poyesera kupanga ndege yozungulira padziko lonse lapansi mu 1937 mu Lockheed Model 10-E Electra, Earhart ndi woyendetsa sitima Fred Noonan yemwe adalipira ndalama ku Purdue adasowa pakati pa Pacific Ocean pafupi ndi Howland Island. Ofufuza sanathe kuwapeza kapena zotsalira za ndege zawo. Earhart adalengezedwa kuti wamwalira pa Januware 5, 1939.
Chipinda cha Amber
Chipinda cha Amber chinali chipinda chokongoletsedwa ndi mapanelo amber ojambulidwa ndi tsamba lagolide ndi magalasi, omwe ali mu Catherine Palace ya Tsarskoye Selo pafupi ndi Saint Petersburg. Inamangidwa m'zaka za zana la 18 ku Prussia, chipindacho chidachotsedwa ndipo pamapeto pake chidasowa pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Asanatayike, adawonedwa ngati "Chodabwitsa chachisanu ndi chitatu cha dziko". Ntchito yomanganso idakhazikitsidwa ku Catherine Palace pakati pa 1979 ndi 2003.
Ndege 19
Pa Disembala 5, 1945, Ndege 19 - asanu a TBF Avenger - adatayika ndi onse 14 airmen mkati mwa Bermuda Triangle. Asanatayike pawailesi pagombe lakumwera kwa Florida, woyendetsa ndege ya Flight 19 akuti adamvedwa akunena kuti: "Chilichonse chikuwoneka chachilendo, ngakhale nyanja," komanso "Tikulowa m'madzi oyera, palibe chomwe chikuwoneka bwino." Kuti zinthu zisakhale zachilendo, PBM Mariner BuNo 59225 anali atatayika ndi ma airmen 13 tsiku lomwelo akusaka Flight 19, ndipo sanapezekenso.
Chelengk wa Lord Nelson
“Daimondi wa Lord Nelson Nelson Chelengk ndi amodzi mwa miyala yamtengo wapatali komanso yodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya Britain. Woperekedwa kwa Nelson ndi Sultan Selim III waku Turkey pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Nile mu 1798, mwalawo unali ndi cheza cha daimondi khumi ndi zitatu kuyimira zombo zaku France zomwe zinagwidwa kapena kuwonongedwa pantchitoyi.
Pambuyo pake mu 1895, banja la a Nelson adagulitsa a Chelengk pamsika ndipo pamapeto pake adafika ku National Maritime Museum ku Greenwich komwe kunali chiwonetsero cha nyenyezi. Mu 1951, mwalawo udabedwa pomuzunza wolimba mphaka yemwe adadziwika kuti adaba ndikuwonongeka kwamuyaya.
Omwe adatayika a Jules Rimet FIFA World Cup
Jules Rimet Trophy, yomwe idaperekedwa kwa wopambana pa Mpikisano wa Mpikisano Wapadziko Lonse, idabedwa mu 1966 isanachitike Mpikisano wa FIFA wa FIFA ku England ku 1966. Mphotoyi idapezedwanso ndi galu wotchedwa Pickles yemwe pambuyo pake adayamikiridwa ndikupeza chipembedzo chotsatira kulimba mtima kwake.
Mu 1970, Brazil idalandira Jules Rimet Trophy mpaka kale atapambana World Cup kachitatu. Koma mu 1983, chikondicho chinabetsedwanso pachikwama chowonetsera ku Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, chomwe chinali chopewera zipolopolo koma chimango chake chamatabwa. Wogulitsa banki komanso wosewera mpira wotchedwa Sérgio Pereira Ayres ndiye anali mtsogoleri wa kuba. Ngakhale FIFA World Football Museum idapeza kale chikhochi, idasowabe kwazaka pafupifupi makumi anayi.
Manda otayika a mbiri yakale
Mpaka pano, palibe amene akudziwa komwe kuli manda ena azithunzi zakale kwambiri. Pansipa pali ena mwa mbiri yakale omwe manda awo omwe adatayika akupezekabe:
- Alexander Wamkulu
- Genghis Khan
- Akhenaten, abambo a Tutankhamun
- Nefertiti, Mfumukazi yaku Egypt
- Alfred, Mfumu ya Wessex
- Attila, Wolamulira wa Huns
- Thomas Paine
- Leonardo da Vinci
- Mozart
- Cleopatra & Mark Anthony
Laibulale ya ku Alexandria
Laibulale Yaikulu ya ku Alexandria ku Alexandria, Egypt, inali imodzi mwa malaibulale akuluakulu komanso odziwika kwambiri mdziko lakale. Laibulaleyi inali gawo la malo akuluakulu ofufuzira otchedwa Mouseion, omwe amaperekedwa kwa a Muses, azimayi asanu ndi anayi azaluso. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, nthawi ina mipukutu yoposa 400,000 idasungidwa mulaibulale. Alexandria anali atadziwika kale chifukwa chazandale komanso zosakhazikika pazandale. Chifukwa chake, Laibulale Yaikulu idawotchedwa kapena kuwonongedwa pankhondo imodzi kapena zingapo zakale komanso zipolowe.
3 | Mbiri yotayika koma yosavomerezeka
Chilumba cha Atlantis
Atlantis, dziko lachilumba lomwe mwina ndi lanthano lotchulidwa mu zokambirana za Plato "Timaeus" ndi "Critias," lakhala lochititsa chidwi pakati pa akatswiri afilosofi komanso olemba mbiri yakumadzulo kwazaka pafupifupi 2,400. Plato (c. 424-328 BC) amawufotokoza ngati ufumu wamphamvu komanso wopita patsogolo womwe udamira, usiku ndi usana, munyanja mozungulira 9,600 BC
Agiriki akale adagawika ngati nkhani ya Plato idangotengedwa ngati mbiriyakale kapena fanizo chabe. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 19, pakhala chidwi chatsopano cholumikiza Plato's Atlantis ndi malo akale, makamaka chilumba cha Greek cha Santorini, chomwe chidawonongedwa ndi kuphulika kwa mapiri pafupifupi 1,600 BC
El Dorado: Mzinda wotayika wa Gold
El Dorado, yemwe poyamba anali El Hombre Dorado kapena El Rey Dorado, anali mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Ufumu waku Spain pofotokoza mfumu yopeka yamtundu wa anthu a Muisca, nzika zaku Altiplano Cundiboyacense waku Colombia, yemwe, monga mwambo wachikhalidwe, adadzibisa yekha ndi fumbi lagolide ndikumizidwa mu Nyanja ya Guatavita.
Kupyola zaka mazana ambiri, nkhaniyi idatsogolera anthu kupita kukafunafuna mzinda wagolide. M'zaka za zana la 16 ndi 17, azungu adakhulupirira kuti kwinakwake ku New World kunali malo olemera kwambiri otchedwa El Dorado. Kusaka kwawo chuma ichi kudawononga miyoyo yosawerengeka, kuyendetsa munthu m'modzi kudzipha, ndikuyika munthu wina pamkhwangwa wakupha.
Sitima yotayika ya m'chipululu
Nthano yonena za chotengera chomwe chidatayika kwanthawi yayitali chomwe chidakwiriridwa kunsi kwa chipululu cha California chapitilira kwazaka zambiri. Malingaliro amachokera ku galleon yaku Spain kupita ku Viking Knarr - ndi chilichonse chapakati. Palibe mbiri yakale, kapena mupeza umboni pang'ono wa nkhanizi. Koma iwo amene amakhulupirira za kukhalapo kwake akunena za momwe madzi kamodzi anaphimbira malo owumawa. Masamba a Amayi Achilengedwe amatsegulira kuthekera kwachinsinsi cha panyanja, amatero.
Sitima yagolide ya Nazi
Nthano imanena kuti m'masiku omaliza a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, asitikali a Nazi adanyamula sitima yankhondo ku Breslau, Poland ndi katundu wolanda monga golide, miyala yamtengo wapatali, miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi zida. Sitimayo idanyamuka ndikulowera chakumadzulo kulowera ku Waldenburg, pafupifupi mamailosi 40 kutalika. Komabe, kwinakwake panjira, sitimayo yokhala ndi chuma chonse chamtengo wapatali idasowa m'mapiri a Owl.
Kwa zaka zambiri, ambiri ayesa kupeza "Nazi Gold Train" yodziwika bwino koma palibe amene wakwanitsa. Olemba mbiri amati palibe umboni uliwonse wotsimikizira kuti "Nazi Golide Sitimayi" idalipo. Ngakhale zili zowona kuti, pankhondo, a Hitler adalamula kuti apange makina obisika mobisa m'mapiri a Owl.
Kodi anthu anatha bwanji pafupifupi zaka 70,000 zapitazo?
Anthu pafupifupi atha pafupifupi zaka 70,000 zapitazo pamene anthu onse adatsika pansi pa 2,000. Koma palibe amene akudziwa chifukwa chake zidachitika kapena momwe zidachitikira. Komabe, "Chiphunzitso cha masoka a Toba" akuti kuphulika kwakukulu kwamphamvu kwambiri kunachitika pafupifupi 70,000 BC, nthawi imodzimodziyo yopambana kwambiri Botolo la DNA. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuphulika kwa phiri lotchedwa Toba, ku Sumatra ku Indonesia, kudatseketsa dzuwa kudera lalikulu la Asia kwa zaka 6 motsatizana, kuchititsa nyengo yozizira yamapiri komanso nyengo yozizira yazaka 1,000 padziko lapansi.
Malinga ndi "Chiphunzitso cha botolo la botolo", pakati pa zaka 50,000 ndi 100,000 zapitazo, anthu adatsika kwambiri mpaka 3,000 mpaka 10,000 omwe apulumuka. Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi maumboni ena osonyeza kuti anthu amasiku ano ndi ochokera kwa anthu ochepa kwambiri pakati pa 1,000 ndi 10,000 magulu awiri omwe analipo zaka 70,000 zapitazo.
Kodi 97% ya mbiri ya anthu yatayika bwanji lero?
Tikayang'ana m'mbiri tidzapeza kuti pali masauzande azinthu zodabwitsa zomwe zidachitika kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri ka mbiri ya anthu. Ndipo ngati tikhala pambali zojambula zamphanga (zomwe sizingapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu), kachigawo kamene olemba mbiri ndi asayansi akuwoneka kuti akudziwa mwina sikupitilira 3-10%.
Olemba mbiri yakale adapeza zolemba zakale zambiri mwatsatanetsatane. Ndipo chitukuko cha Mesopotamiya, chopangidwa ndi anthu omwe timawatcha Asumeriya, adagwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe zaka zoposa 5,500 zapitazo. Ndiye zisanachitike, nchiyani chomwe chidachitika m'mbiri ya anthu ??
Kodi mbiri ya anthu ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Kodi tiyenera kuganizira chiyani kukhala mbiri ya anthu? Ndipo timadziwa zochuluka motani za izi?
Pali njira ziwiri zofotokozera nthawi ya mbiriyakale ya anthu ndikudziwitsa kuchuluka kwa zomwe tikudziwa munthawi imeneyi:
- Way 1: "Anatomically Modern homo sapiens" kapena homo sapiens sapiens anayamba kukhalapo zaka 200,000 zapitazo. Chifukwa chake pazaka 200k za mbiri ya anthu, 195.5k alibe zikalata. Zomwe zikutanthauza pafupifupi 97%.
- Way 2: Makhalidwe amakono, komabe, adachitika zaka 50,000 zapitazo. Zomwe zikutanthauza pafupifupi 90%.
Chifukwa chake, mutha kunena kuti anthu adasiya kukhala ngati osaka-zaka 10,000 zapitazo, koma anthu omwe anali patsogolo pawo anali anthu okongola, ndipo nkhani zawo zatayika kwamuyaya.
