Shekaru da yawa, figurin Venus Of Willendorf yana jan hankalin masana kimiyya. Wannan mutum-mutumin da aka ƙera kusan shekaru 30,000 da suka gabata ɗaya ne daga cikin tsoffin misalan zane-zane da ke nuna ɗan adam kuma an danganta shi da lokacin Upper Paleolithic, waɗanda mafarauta ne suka yi.
A cikin 1908, yayin da aka tono kusa da ƙauyen Willendorf a cikin Lower Austria, an gano siffa mai tsayin santimita 11.1 (4.4 in) wanda aka fi sani da 'Venus of Willendorf'. Wakilan mata masu kiba ko masu juna biyu, waɗanda ke cikin littattafan tarihin fasaha da yawa, an daɗe ana fassara su azaman alamun haihuwa ko kyau.
A Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Colorado, Richard Johnson, MD ya ce a cikin 2020 cewa ya sami isassun bayanai don taimakawa wajen tona asirin abubuwan da ke kewaye da Venus na Willendorf figurine. A cewar Johnson, mabuɗin fahimtar ƙa'idodin ya ta'allaka ne ga canjin yanayi da abinci.
"Wasu daga cikin fasahar farko a duniya su ne wadannan siffofi masu ban mamaki na mata masu kiba daga lokacin mafarauta a cikin Ice Age Turai inda ba za ku yi tsammanin ganin kiba kwata-kwata," in ji Johnson. "Muna nuna cewa waɗannan siffofi suna da alaƙa da lokutan matsanancin damuwa na abinci."
Tawagar bincike, karkashin jagorancin masanin ilmin dan Adam Gerhard Weber daga Jami'ar Vienna, wanda ya hada da masana kimiyyar kasa Alexander Lukeneder da Mathias Harzhauser, da kuma Walpurga Antl-Weiser na tarihi na tarihi na Vienna, sun yi amfani da hotuna masu inganci don gano kayan daga wanda aka sassaƙa Venus mai yiwuwa ya fito ne daga arewacin Italiya. Wannan babban abin da aka samu ya nuna motsin mutanen zamanin farko tsakanin arewaci da kudancin tsaunin Alps.
Siffar Venus, wacce ke da shekaru 30,000, an yi ta ne daga oolite, wani nau'in dutsen da ba a samu a kusa da Willendorf ba. Venus von Willendorf ya bambanta ba kawai dangane da ƙirarsa ba har ma a cikin kayan da aka yi amfani da su don ƙirƙirar ta. Sauran siffofi na Venus yawanci ana yin su ne daga hauren giwa, kashi, ko duwatsu daban-daban, duk da haka ƙananan Venus na Australiya an samo shi ne daga oolite, wanda ya sa ya bambanta tsakanin abubuwan al'ada.
A shekara ta 1908, an gano wani mutum-mutumi a cikin Wachau kuma yanzu ana nunawa a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Vienna. Duk da haka, har ya zuwa yanzu, daga waje kawai ake yin nazari. Masanin ilimin ɗan adam Gerhard Weber daga Jami'ar Vienna a yanzu ya yi amfani da sabuwar hanya don bincika cikinsa: ƙananan ƙididdiga. Na'urar binciken tana da ƙudurin har zuwa 11.5 micrometer, wanda yawanci ana iya gani ta hanyar na'ura mai ma'ana. Binciken farko shine "Venus ba ta da kamanni ko kadan a ciki. Kadara ta musamman da za a iya amfani da ita don tantance asalinta,” in ji masanin ilimin ɗan adam.
Alexander Lukeneder da Mathias Harzhauser daga Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Halitta a Vienna, waɗanda suka yi aiki a baya tare da oolites, sun haɗa da ƙungiyar don nazarin da kwatanta samfurori daga Austria da Turai. Wani aiki mai sarkakiya, tawagar ta samu samfurin dutse daga Faransa zuwa gabashin Ukraine, daga Jamus zuwa Sicily, ta yanke su, kuma ta yi nazari a karkashin na'urar hangen nesa. An yi nazarin binciken ne saboda tallafin da jihar Lower Ostiriya ta bayar.
Ciki kuma yana ba da bayanai game da waje
Bayanai na Tomographic daga Venus sun nuna cewa ɗigon ruwa a cikin duwatsun ya bambanta ta fuskar girma da yawa. Tare da waɗannan, an kuma sami ƙananan bawo da manyan hatsi guda shida waɗanda ake kira 'limonites'. Wannan yana bayyana ramukan sararin samaniya masu girma iri ɗaya a saman Venus: "Wataƙila limonites masu wuya sun tashi lokacin da mahaliccin Venus ke sassaƙa ta," in ji Weber. "A game da cibiya ta Venus, a fili ya sanya shi mai kyau saboda larura."
Wani binciken: Venus oolite yana da ƙura saboda muryoyin miliyoyin globules (ooides) waɗanda ta kunsa sun narke. Wannan ya sa ya zama abin kyawawa ga mai sassaƙa shekaru 30,000 da suka wuce, kamar yadda ya fi sauƙi a yi aiki tare. An kuma gano wani ƙaramin harsashi, mai tsayin milimita 2.5 kacal, kuma an gano shi a zamanin Jurassic. Wannan ya keɓe yiwuwar dutsen zama wani ɓangare na zamanin Miocene a cikin Basin Vienna.
Masu binciken sun yi nazari sosai kan girman hatsin sauran samfuran. Sun yi amfani da shirye-shiryen sarrafa hoto kuma sun ƙidaya da kuma auna dubunnan hatsi da hannu. Babu ɗayan samfuran da ke cikin radius mai nisan kilomita 200 na Willendorf da ya yi daidai da nesa. Binciken ya nuna cewa samfurori daga Venus sun kasance daidai da na arewacin Italiya kusa da tafkin Garda. Wannan abu ne mai ban mamaki, yana nuna cewa Venus (ko kayanta) ya fara tafiya daga kudancin Alps zuwa Danube arewacin Alps.
"Mutanen da ke cikin Gravetian - al'adun kayan aiki na lokacin - sun nemi kuma sun zauna da kyawawan wurare. Sa’ad da yanayi ko abin ganima ya canja, sai su ci gaba, zai fi dacewa a gefen koguna,” in ji Gerhard Weber. Irin wannan tafiya zai iya ɗaukar tsararraki.
Bayan ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, masu bincike sun kwaikwayi ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi biyu masu yuwuwa daga kudu zuwa arewa, suna ɗaukar hanya ta kewayen Alps da zuwa cikin Filin Pannonian. Wata hanyar kuwa, da ta kasance ta tsaunukan Alps ne, ko da yake babu tabbas idan hakan zai yiwu fiye da shekaru 30,000 da suka gabata saboda tabarbarewar yanayi a wancan lokacin. Wannan madadin da ba zai yuwu ba idan da akwai glaciers masu ci gaba a lokacin. Sai dai kilomita 35 a tafkin Reschen, tafiya mai tsawon kilomita 730 tare da Etsch, Inn, da Danube ya kasance a ƙasa da 1000 m sama da matakin teku.
Yiwuwa, amma ƙasa da ƙasa, haɗi zuwa gabashin Ukraine
Bayanan sun nuna cewa arewacin Italiya shine tushen dutsen Venus oolite. Duk da haka, akwai yiwuwar samun asali a gabashin Ukraine, fiye da kilomita 1,600 daga Willendorf. Samfuran ba su daidaita daidai da na Italiya ba, amma mafi kyau fiye da kowane. Menene ƙari, alkalumman Venus sun kasance a kudancin Rasha kusa, waɗanda suka ɗan ƙanana amma suna kama da Venus da aka samu a Austria. Bugu da ƙari, sakamakon kwayoyin halitta ya nuna cewa mutane a Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai suna da alaƙa da juna a lokacin.
Za a iya ci gaba da labari mai ban sha'awa na Ƙasar Australiya Venus. A halin yanzu, ƙananan binciken kimiyya ne kawai suka yi nazarin kasancewar mutanen da suka riga sun kasance a cikin yankin Alpine da kuma motsinsu. Shahararren “Ötzi” alal misali, ya samo asali ne tun shekaru 5,300 da suka gabata. Tare da taimakon sakamakon Venus da sabuwar cibiyar bincike ta hanyar Vienna Juyin Halittar Dan Adam da Kimiyyar Archaeological, tare da haɗin gwiwar ilimin ɗan adam, ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, da sauran fannoni, Weber ya yi niyya don ba da ƙarin haske game da farkon tarihin yankin Alpine.
An fara buga binciken ne a mujallar Rahoton Kimiyya a ranar Fabrairu 28, 2022.
Bayan karanta game da Venus Of Willendorf, karanta game da Shin sifofin Vinča mai shekaru 5,000 na ban mamaki za su iya zama shaida na tasirin waje?
