Ka yi tunanin yin tuntuɓe a kan wani ɓoyayyen burbushin da zai iya sake rubuta tarihi kamar yadda muka sani. Wannan shine ainihin abin da maharbin burbushin mai son Frank Tully ya samu a shekarar 1958 lokacin da ya gano na musamman burbushin halittu wanda za a san shi da Tully Monster. Sunan kawai yana jin kamar wani abu na fim mai ban tsoro ko labarin almara na kimiyya, amma gaskiyar wannan halitta ta fi ban sha'awa fiye da yadda sunan ta ya nuna.
Gano Tully Monster
A shekara ta 1958, wani mutum mai suna Francis Tully yana farautar burbushin halittu a wata mahakar ma'adanin kwal kusa da birnin Morris, Illinois. Yana cikin haka sai ya ci karo da wani bakon burbushin da ya kasa tantancewa. Tsawon burbushin ya kai kimanin centimita 11 kuma yana da doguwar kunkuntar jiki, da hankici mai nuni, da wasu sifofi guda biyu masu kama da tanti a gaban jikinsa.
Tully ya ɗauki burbushin zuwa ga Field Museum a Chicago, Inda masana kimiyya suka ruɗe daidai da bakon halitta. Sun sanya masa suna Tullimonstrum gregarium, ko Tully Monster, don girmama wanda ya gano shi.
Shekaru da yawa, Tully Monster ya kasance abin ban mamaki na kimiyya
Teku babbar duniya ce kuma mai ban mamaki, gida ga wasu halittu masu ban sha'awa da ban mamaki a duniyar. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai Tully Monster, wanda ya ba masana kimiyya da masu sha'awar ruwa mamaki shekaru da yawa. Tare da bayyanarsa na musamman da asalinsa na farko, Tully Monster ya kama tunanin mutane da yawa kuma batu ne mai yawa da muhawara tsakanin masu bincike. Shekaru da yawa, masana kimiyya sun kasa tantance ko wace irin halitta ce ko kuma yadda take rayuwa. Sai a shekarar 2016, bayan shekaru na bincike da nazari, binciken da aka yi na ci gaba ya ba da haske kan burbushin halittu.
Don haka menene ainihin Tully Monster?
The Tully Monster, kuma aka sani da Tullimonstrum gregarium, wani nau'i ne na batattu na dabbar ruwa da suka rayu a lokacin Lokacin Carboniferous, kimanin shekaru miliyan 307 da suka wuce. Wata halitta ce mai taushin jiki wadda aka yi imanin cewa ta kai tsayin daka har zuwa inci 14 (35), mai siffar U- kunkuntar jiki na musamman da kuma wani tsayin daka mai kama da hanci mai dauke da idanu da bakinta. Bisa ga binciken 2016, ya fi kamar a kashin baya, kama da kifi mara jaw kamar a fitila. Kashin baya dabba ce mai kashin baya ko guringuntsi da aka rufe kashin baya.
Halayen Tully Monster
Babban fasalin Tully Monster shine tsayinsa, kunkuntar jikinsa, wanda ke lullube da fata mai tauri. Yana da hanci mai nuni, manyan idanuwa biyu, da doguwar wutsiya mai sassauƙa. A gaban jikinsa, yana da dogayen sirara guda biyu masu sirara kamar tanti waɗanda ake tunanin an yi amfani da su wajen kama ganima.
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ban sha'awa na Tully Monster shine bakinsa. Ba kamar yawancin vertebrates ba, waɗanda ke da ma'anar baki da tsarin muƙamuƙi a sarari, bakin Tully Monster ɗan ƙaramin buɗe ido ne mai madauwari wanda yake a ƙarshen hancinsa. Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa ta yiwu wannan halitta ta yi amfani da doguwar jikinta mai sassauƙa don miƙewa da kama abin da ta kama kafin ta mayar da ita zuwa bakinta.
Muhimmanci a cikin al'ummar kimiyya
Shekaru da yawa, rarrabuwar Tully Monster ya kasance abin asiri. Wasu masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa wani nau'i ne na tsutsa ko slug, yayin da wasu suka yi tunanin yana da alaka da squid ko dorinar ruwa. Duk da haka, a cikin 2016, ƙungiyar masu bincike daga Jami'ar Leicester a Burtaniya ya yi amfani da na'urar duba microscope don bincika burbushin daki-daki.
Kamar yadda binciken su ya nuna cewa Tully Monster haƙiƙa ƙaƙƙarfan kashin baya ne, kuma mai yuwuwa yana da alaƙa da kifin da ba shi da jaw kamar lamprey, wannan binciken ya buɗe wata sabuwar kofa ta yuwuwa cikin juyin halittar kashin baya.
Tully Monster shima muhimmin misali ne na kebantattun nau'ikan rayuwa daban-daban da suka wanzu a lokacin Carboniferous, kusan shekaru miliyan 307 da suka gabata. Wannan lokacin ya kasance daga kimanin shekaru 359.2 zuwa miliyan 299 da suka wuce a lokacin marigayi Paleozoic Era kuma an nuna shi ta hanyar hawan tsire-tsire da dabbobi a kan ƙasa; kuma Tully Monster na ɗaya daga cikin mutane da yawa m da sabon abu halittu wanda ya zagaya Duniya a wannan lokacin.
Menene binciken kwanan nan ya ce game da Tully Monster?
A sabon binciken Masu bincike a Kwalejin Cork na Jami'ar sun yi iƙirarin cewa baƙon Tully Monster ba zai yiwu ya zama kashin baya ba - duk da ƙaƙƙarfan guringuntsin da yake da shi. Sun cimma wannan matsaya ne bayan gano wasu abubuwa da ba a saba gani ba a cikin burbushin idanunta.
Bayan nazarin sinadarai da ke cikin idon dabba, masu binciken sun gano rabon zinc da jan karfe ya fi kama da na invertebrates fiye da kashin baya. Tawagar binciken ta kuma gano cewa idanuwan burbushin na dauke da wani nau'in tagulla daban-daban fiye da na zamani invertebebrates da suka yi nazari - abin da ya sa suka kasa tantance shi a matsayin ko daya.
Kammalawa
Tully Monster ya kasance wata halitta mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki wacce ta dauki hankalin masana kimiyya da jama'a shekaru da yawa. Ganowa da rarrabuwar su sun ba da sabbin fahimta game da juyin halittar kashin baya na farko, kuma bayyanarsa ta musamman ta zama abin tunatarwa ga nau'ikan rayuwa masu ban mamaki da iri-iri waɗanda suka taɓa yawo a Duniya. Yayin da masana kimiyya ke ci gaba da nazarin wannan burbushin halittu, za mu iya ƙarin koyo game da sirrin da ke tattare da shi da asirai kafin tarihi har yanzu bai bayyana ba.
