A cikin 1908, wani abu mai ban mamaki da aka sani da Tunguska Event ya sa sararin sama ya kone kuma sama da bishiyoyi miliyan 80 sun fado. Mafi daidaiton bayani yana tabbatar da cewa meteorite ne; duk da haka, rashin wani rami a yankin tasiri ya haifar da kowane nau'i na ra'ayi.
Asiri na Tunguska Event
A kowace shekara, kimanin tan 16 na meteorites da ke cikin sararin samaniya suna jefa bam a Duniya. Mafi yawansu ba su kai gram goma sha biyu ba a cikin taro kuma ƙanana ne da ba a gane su. Wasu ƙarin na iya haifar da haske a sararin sama wanda ya ɓace cikin daƙiƙa kaɗan, amma… me game da meteorites tare da yuwuwar goge wani yanki na duniya?
Kodayake mafi girman tasirin tauraron dan adam da ke iya haifar da bala'i a duniya ya kasance shekaru miliyan 65, a safiyar ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1908, wani mummunan fashewar da aka sani da taron Tunguska ya girgiza Siberia tare da karfin bama -bamai guda 300.
Da misalin ƙarfe bakwai na safe, wani babban ƙwallon wuta ya harba ta sararin samaniya a saman tsaunin Siberia, yanki mara kyau inda dazuzzukan daji ke ba da damar zuwa tundra kuma ƙauyukan mutane ba su da yawa.
A cikin daƙiƙu kaɗan, zafi mai zafi ya sa sama ta ƙone kuma fashewar wani kurma ya cinye bishiyoyi sama da miliyan 80 a cikin yanki mai girman murabba'in kilomita 2,100.
Lamarin ya haifar da girgizawar girgiza wanda, a cewar NASA, barometer ya rubuta shi a duk Turai kuma ya buge mutane sama da mil 40. A cikin dare biyu masu zuwa, sararin dare ya ci gaba da haskakawa a Asiya da wasu yankuna na Turai. Koyaya, saboda wahalar isa yankin da rashin garuruwan da ke kusa, babu wani balaguro da ya kusanci wurin a cikin shekaru goma sha uku masu zuwa.
Sai a shekarar 1921 Leonid Kulik, masanin kimiyya a gidan adana kayan tarihi na St. Petersburg kuma masanin meteorite, ya yi yunƙurin farko na kusanci tashar tasirin; duk da haka, yanayin mara kyau na yankin ya haifar da gazawar balaguron.
A cikin 1927, Kulik ya jagoranci wani balaguron wanda a ƙarshe ya kai dubunnan kilomita da aka ƙone kuma ga mamakin sa, taron bai bar wani rami mai tasiri ba, kawai yanki ne na kilomita 4 a diamita inda bishiyoyin ke tsaye, amma ba tare da rassa ba, babu haushi. A kusa da shi, dubunnan bishiyoyin da aka fado sun nuna alamar mil mil, amma abin mamaki, babu wata hujja ta tudun ƙasa ko tarkacen meteorite a yankin.
"Sama ta tsaga gida biyu kuma wuta ta bayyana a sama"
Duk da wannan rudani, kokarin Kulik ya yi nasarar karya ka'idar da mazauna wurin suka yi, wadanda suka ba da shaidar farko na taron Tunguska.
Asusun S. Semenov, wani shaidan gani da ido wanda ke da nisan kilomita 60 daga tasirin kuma Kulik ya yi hira da shi, wataƙila shine mafi shahara da cikakken bayani game da fashewar:
"A lokacin karin kumallo ina zaune kusa da gidan gidan waya a Vanavara (…) kwatsam, na ga kai tsaye zuwa arewa, a kan hanyar Tunguska daga Onkoul, sama ta tsaga gida biyu kuma wuta ta bayyana sama da fadi sama da gandun Dajin. tsagawa a sararin sama ya yi girma kuma duk gefen arewa ya rufe da wuta.
A wannan lokacin na yi zafi sosai da ba zan iya jurewa ba, kamar rigata na cin wuta; daga gefen arewa, inda gobarar take, zafi mai ƙarfi ya fito. Ina so na yayyage rigata in jefar da shi, amma sai sama ta rufe sai wata kara mai karfi ta buga aka watsar da ni 'yan kafa kadan.
Na rasa hankalina na ɗan lokaci, amma sai matata ta gudu ta tafi da ni gida (…) Lokacin da sama ta buɗe, iska mai zafi ta ratsa tsakanin gidaje, kamar daga canyons, wanda ya bar alamomi a ƙasa kamar hanyoyi, da wasu albarkatun gona. lalace. Daga baya mun ga cewa tagogi da yawa sun karye kuma a cikin rumbun, wani ɓangaren makullin ƙarfe ya karye. ”
A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, an sami ƙarin balaguro uku zuwa yankin. Kulik samu dama dama kadan "pothole" bogs, kowane 10 zuwa 50 mita a diamita, cewa ya yi tunani zai iya zama meteoric craters.
Bayan da ya yi aiki tukuru wajen zubar da daya daga cikin wadannan bogo - abin da ake kira "Ramin Suslov", mai tsawon mita 32 a diamita - ya sami wani tsohon kututturen bishiya a kasa, yana mai yanke hukuncin cewa dutsen meteoric ne. Kulik ba zai iya tantance ainihin dalilin Tunguska Event ba.
Bayanin Tunguska Event
NASA ta dauki taron Tunguska a matsayin rikodin kawai na wani babban meteoroid da ya shigo duniya a wannan zamani. Duk da haka, fiye da karni guda, bayanin rashin wanzuwar wani dutse ko meteorite abu a wurin da ake zargin tasirin ya haifar da daruruwan takardun kimiyya da kuma tunanin ainihin abin da ya faru a Tunguska.
Siffar da aka fi yarda da ita a yau tana tabbatar da cewa a safiyar ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1908, dutsen sararin samaniya mai kusan mita 37 ya ratsa cikin sararin duniya a gudun kilomita dubu 53 a cikin sa'a guda, wanda ya isa ya kai zafin jiki na digiri 24 digiri Celsius.
Wannan bayanin ya tabbatar da cewa ƙwallon wutar da ya haskaka sararin samaniya bai yi hulɗa da saman ƙasa ba, amma ya fashe da tsayin kilomita takwas, wanda ya haifar da girgizar da ta bayyana bala'i da miliyoyin bishiyoyin da suka faɗi a yankin Tunguska.
Kuma duk da cewa wasu ka’idoji masu kayatarwa ba tare da tallafin kimiyya masu ƙarfi suna la’akari da cewa taron Tunguska na iya kasancewa sakamakon fashewar magarba ko samuwar ƙaramin ramin baki, sabon hasashen da aka tsara a cikin 2020 yana nuna ƙarin bayani:
A cewar wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Royal Astronomical Society, Haƙiƙanin abin da ya faru na Tunguska wani meteorite ne ya jawo shi; duk da haka, dutse ne da ƙarfe ya ƙera shi wanda ya kai faɗin mita 200 kuma ya goge Duniya a mafi ƙarancin tazarar kilomita 10 kafin ya ci gaba da zagayawar sa, ya bar girgizar ƙasa mai girman gaske a tashin ta wanda ya sa sama ta ƙone kuma miliyoyin za a sare bishiyoyi.
Tunguska fashewar da baki suka haifar?
A cikin 2009, wani masanin kimiyyar Rasha ya yi iƙirarin cewa baƙi sun saukar da Tunguska meteorite shekaru 101 da suka gabata don kare duniyarmu daga lalacewa. Yuri Lavbin ya ce ya sami lu'ulu'un ma'adini da ba a saba gani ba a wurin da fashewar Siberian ta yi yawa. Lu'ulu'u goma suna da ramuka a ciki, an sanya su don a haɗa duwatsun cikin sarƙa, wasu kuma suna da zane a kansu.
"Ba mu da wata fasaha da za ta iya buga irin wannan zane a kan lu'ulu'u," Inji Lavbin. "Mun kuma sami silicate ferrum wanda ba za a iya samar da shi ko'ina ba, sai a sarari. ”
Wannan ba shine karo na farko da masana kimiyya suka ce UFO tana da alaƙa da taron Tunguska ba. A cikin 2004, membobin balaguron kimiyya na gidauniyar jihar Siberia “Tunguska Space Phenomenon” sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun yi nasarar gano tubalan wata na’urar fasaha ta ƙasa da ƙasa, wacce ta faɗi ƙasa a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1908.
Yawon balaguron, wanda Gidauniyar Siberian Public State Foundation “Tunguska Space Phenomenon” ta kammala aikinta a wurin faɗuwar Tunguska meteorite a ranar 9 ga Agusta, 2004. Hotunan sararin samaniya ne ke jagorantar balaguron zuwa yankin, masu binciken sun bincika yanki mai faɗi a cikin Kusa da ƙauyen Poligusa don ɓangarorin sararin samaniya wanda ya faɗa cikin Duniya a cikin 1908.
Bugu da ƙari, membobin balaguron sun sami abin da ake kira "barewa" ― dutse, wanda shaidun gani da ido na Tunguska suka sha ambata a cikin labarun su. Masu binciken sun kai wani dutse mai nauyin kilo 50 zuwa birnin Krasnoyarsk don yin nazari da nazari. Ba za a iya samun rahoto ko bincike na gaba ba yayin binciken intanet.
Kammalawa
Duk da bincike da yawa, abin da ake kira Tunguska Event ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ruɗu na karni na 20 da masu sihiri, masu sha'awar UFO da masana kimiyya suka kama su a matsayin shaidar fushin alloli, rayuwa ta duniya ko barazanar da ke gabatowa.
