Ekujuleni kolwandle kunesidalwa esingavamile esiye sathakazelisa ososayensi futhi sathatha umcabango wabaningi: octopus. Ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengamanye amaningi kakhulu izidalwa ezingaqondakali nezihlakaniphile embusweni wezilwane, amakhono azo ayingqayizivele kanye nokubukeka kwawo kwamanye amazwe kuye kwaholela emibonweni eshukumisa ingqondo engabaza umsuka wazo. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi lawa ma-cephalopods ayimfihlakalo empeleni abafokazi basendulo kusuka emkhathini? Lesi simangalo esinesibindi siye sanakwa muva nje ngenxa yenqwaba yamaphepha esayensi aphakamisa umsuka walezi zilwane zasolwandle ezithakazelisayo.
Ukuqhuma kweCambrian kanye nokungenelela kwangaphandle komhlaba
Umqondo wokuthi ama-octopus izidalwa ezingaphandle komhlaba kungase kuzwakale njengenganekwane yesayensi, kodwa indikimba ekhulayo yocwaningo ikhanyisele izici zayo ezingavamile. Nakuba umsuka wangempela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wama-cephalopod usalokhu uyisihloko sempikiswano, izici zawo ezingavamile, okuhlanganisa nesimiso sezinzwa esiyinkimbinkimbi, amakhono athuthukile okuxazulula izinkinga, namakhono okushintsha ukuma, kuye kwaphakamisa imibuzo ethakazelisayo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze siqonde ingxabano yokuthi ama-octopus angabafokazi, kufanele siqale sihlole Ukuqhuma kwe-Cambrian. Lesi senzakalo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, esenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-540 edlule, saphawula ukuhlukahluka okusheshayo kanye nokuvela kwezinhlobo zokuphila eziyinkimbinkimbi emhlabeni. Ososayensi abaningi baye baphakamisa ukuthi lokhu ukuqhuma kwempilo kungabangelwa ukungenelela kwamanye amazwe, esikhundleni sezinqubo zasemhlabeni kuphela. A iphepha lesayensi iphakamisa ukuthi ukuvela okungazelelwe kwama-octopus namanye ama-cephalopod ngalesi sikhathi kungaba ubufakazi obubalulekile obusekela lokhu. i-extraterrestrial hypothesis.
I-Panspermia: Impilo yembewu emhlabeni
Umqondo we-panspermia wakha isisekelo somqondo wokuthi ama-octopus angowangaphandle. I-Panspermia icabanga ukuthi ukuphila eMhlabeni kwavela emithonjeni engaphandle komhlaba, njengezinkanyezi ezinomsila noma ama-meteorite athwele izakhi zempilo. Lezi Abahambi be-cosmic bebengase bethule izinhlobo zokuphila ezinoveli, okuhlanganisa amagciwane nama-microorganisms, emhlabeni wethu. Leli phepha lisikisela ukuthi ama-octopus kungenzeka ukuthi afika eMhlabeni njengamaqanda e-cryopreserved, alethwa ama-bolide aqhwa amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka edlule.
Okudidayo emthini wokuphila
Ama-octopus anesethi yezici ezingavamile eziwenza ahluke kwezinye izidalwa. Isimiso sabo sezinzwa esithuthuke kakhulu, ukuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi, namakhono okufihla izinto ayinkimbinkimbi kuye kwadida ososayensi iminyaka eminingi. Ngokusho kososayensi, lezi zici eziyingqayizivele kunzima ukuzichaza kuphela ngezinqubo ezivamile zokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Baphakamisa ukuthi ama-octopus kungenzeka athole lezi zici ngokuboleka izakhi zofuzo ezikude noma, ngokumangalisayo, imvelaphi yangaphandle.
Umbuzo wofuzo oluyinkimbinkimbi
Ukwakheka kofuzo kwama-cephalopod afana nama-octopus kanye nama-squid kuye kwaveza izici ezididayo nakakhulu i-alien theory. Ngokungafani nezidalwa eziningi eMhlabeni, ezinofuzo lwazo lwakhiwe I-DNA, ama-cephalopod anesakhiwo sofuzo esiyingqayizivele esebenzisa ukuhlela kwe-RNA njengendlela enkulu yokulawula. Lokhu kuholela ososayensi ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi inkimbinkimbi yekhodi yabo yofuzo kungenzeka ukuthi yazivelela ngokuzimele noma ingaxhunyaniswa uzalo lwasendulo oluhlukene kwezinye izinhlobo zokuphila eMhlabeni.
Umbono womuntu ongabazi ku-alien octopus hypothesis
Nakuba umqondo wokuthi izingwane zingabafokazi ujabulisa, ngeke kube ukuhlakanipha ukucabanga ukuthi izimangalo ezivezwe kulawa maphepha esayensi ziyiqiniso ngaphandle kokuzihlolisisa. Ososayensi abaningi basalokhu bengabaza, bekhomba ubuthakathaka obuningana ku-hypothesis. Okunye ukugxeka okuyinhloko ukuntuleka kocwaningo olujulile ku-cephalopod biology kulezi zifundo. Ukwengeza, ukuba khona kwama-octopus genomes kanye nobudlelwano bawo bokuvela kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane kubekela inselele umqondo we imvelaphi yangaphandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhi zofuzo ze-octopus zincenga emlandweni wazo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo eMhlabeni futhi ziphikisa i-alien hypothesis. Ucwaningo lwembule ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ze-octopus zihambisana nokuqonda kwethu kwamanje kokuziphendukela kwemvelo komhlaba, okuphakamisa ukwehlukana kancane kancane kokhokho babo be-squid eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-135 edlule. Lokhu okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi izici eziyingqayizivele ezibonwa kuma-octopus zingachazwa ngezinqubo zemvelo kunokuba ukungenelela kwamanye amazwe.
Ubunkimbinkimbi bemvelaphi yokuphila
Umbuzo ngemvelaphi yokuphila ungomunye wemibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu izimfihlakalo kwisayensi. Ngenkathi i-alien octopus hypothesis ingeza ukusonteka okuthakazelisayo ebukhoneni bayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabangela umongo obanzi. Ososayensi bahlongoze izinkolelo-mbono ezihlukahlukene, njenge-abiogenesis kanye ne-hydrothermal vent hypotheses, ukuchaza ukuvela kokuphila eMhlabeni.
Nakuba abanye ososayensi bephakamisa ukuthi izici ezingavamile zama-squid nama-octopus zingabangelwa ukujwayela kwazo okuphawulekayo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezihlala kuzo. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi lezi zici eziyingqayizivele ziye zavela ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo okufanayo, lapho izinhlobo ezingahlobene zenza izici ezifanayo ngenxa yokucindezela okufanayo kokukhetha. Ukufuna izimpendulo kusaphikelela, futhi i-alien octopus hypothesis isalokhu iwubufakazi bokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwemvelaphi yokuphila.
Cephalopod intelligence
Ama-Cephalopod, ahlanganisa ama-octopus, squid, ne-cuttlefish, aziwa ngokuhlakanipha kwawo okumangalisayo. Banesimiso sezinzwa esithuthuke kakhulu futhi ubuchopho obukhulu ngokuhambisana nobukhulu bomzimba wabo. Amanye amakhono abo okuqonda ahlanganisa:
Amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga: Ama-Cephalopod aye abonwa ukuze axazulule ama-puzzle ayinkimbinkimbi nama-mazes, abonisa ikhono lawo lokuhlela nokusebenzisa amasu okuthola imivuzo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi: Ama-octopus, ikakhulukazi, abonwe kusetshenziswa amatshe, amagobolondo kakhukhunathi, nezinye izinto njengamathuluzi. Bangakwazi ukuguqula izinto ukuze zihambisane nezidingo zabo, njengokuvula izimbiza ukuze bathole ukudla.
Ukucasha nokulingisa: Ama-Cephalopod anamakhono okufihla athuthuke kakhulu, azivumela ukuthi zishintshe ngokushesha umbala wesikhumba sazo kanye nephethini ukuze zihlangane nendawo ezizungezile. Zingaphinda zilingise ukubukeka kwezinye izilwane ukuze zixoshe izilwane ezidla ezinye noma zihehe inyamazane.
Ukufunda nenkumbulo: Ama-Cephalopod abonise amakhono okufunda ahlaba umxhwele, azivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha futhi akhumbula izindawo ezithile nemicimbi. Bangakwazi futhi ukufunda ngokubuka, ukuthola amakhono amasha ngokubuka amanye amalungu ezinhlobo zawo.
Ukuxhumana: Ama-Cephalopod axhumana wodwa ngezimpawu ezihlukahlukene, njengokushintsha kombala wesikhumba nephethini, ukuma komzimba, nokukhululwa kwezimpawu zamakhemikhali. Bangakwazi futhi ukusayina izibonisi ezisongelayo noma izexwayiso kwamanye ama-cephalopod.
Kukholakala ukuthi ama-squid ahlakaniphe kancane kune-octopus ne-cuttlefish; Nokho, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-squid zinomphakathi kakhulu futhi zibonisa ukuxhumana okukhulu komphakathi, njll., okuholela kubacwaningi abathile baphethe ngokuthi ama-squid ahambisana nezinja ngokobuhlakani.
Ubunkimbinkimbi nobunkimbinkimbi bobuhlakani be-cephalopod kusacwaningwa, futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele izinga lamakhono abo okuqonda.
Ama-Octopus njengamamodeli we-alien intelligence
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvelaphi yawo, ama-octopus anikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokufunda ubuhlakani obungase buhluke kakhulu kowethu. Ubuhlakani babo obusabalalisiwe, obunama-neuroni asabalele ezingalweni zabo nasezincekwini zabo, bubekela inselele ukuqonda kwethu ukuqonda. Ososayensi abanjengoDominic Sivitilli eNyuvesi yaseWashington bahlola ubunkimbinkimbi be-octopus intelligence ukuze bathole imininingwane yokuthi ubuhlakani bungabonakala kanjani kwamanye amaplanethi. Ngokutadisha ama-octopus, singathola ubukhulu obusha bobunzima bokuqonda.
Imingcele yesayensi nokuqagela
I-alien octopus hypothesis inqamula umugqa phakathi kophenyo lwesayensi nokuqagela. Nakuba ivusa ilukuluku futhi imema amathuba okucabanga, ayinabo ubufakazi obuqinile obudingekayo ukuze bamukelwe kabanzi emphakathini wesayensi. Njenganoma iyiphi i-hypothesis eyisisekelo, ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nedatha ye-empirical kuyadingeka ukuze kusekelwe noma kuphikise lezi zimangalo. Isayensi iphumelela ngokungabaza, ukuhlolwa okuqinile, nokuphishekela ulwazi okuqhubekayo.
Imicabango yokugcina
Umqondo wokuthi ama-octopus abafokazi abavela emkhathini umqondo othakazelisayo oweqa imingcele yokuqonda kwethu. Ngenkathi amaphepha esayensi aphakamisa le nkolelo-mbono esedonse ukunaka, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi kufanele sisondele kuwo ngomqondo obucayi - abaningi izimfihlakalo mayelana nemvelaphi nokuziphendukela kwemvelo ama-cephalopods ahlala engaxazululeki.
Ubufakazi obuvezwe kula maphepha buhlangabezana nokungabaza kochwepheshe abagqamisa ukungabi bikho kobufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda. Noma kunjalo, imvelo eyindida yama-octopus iyaqhubeka nokugqugquzela uphenyo lwesayensi, isinika umbono wezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuxhumana kwazo, uma kukhona, ekujuleni komkhathi.
Njengoba sivula i- izimfihlakalo zendawo yonke futhi hlola ukujula kwezilwandle zethu, ithuba lokuhlangana nobuhlakani obungajwayelekile kusalokhu kujabulisa. Ukuthi ama-octopus akhona noma cha izidalwa zangaphandle, ziyaqhubeka zithatha imicabango yethu futhi zisikhumbuza ngobunkimbinkimbi nezimangaliso zendalo esihlala kuyo.
Ngemva kokufunda ngemvelaphi engaqondakali yama-octopus, funda mayelana I-Immortal Jellyfish ingabuyela ebusheni bayo unomphela, bese ufunda mayelana Izidalwa ezingama-44 ezixakile eMhlabeni ezinezici ezifana nezangaphandle.
