IChernobyl Nuclear Power Plant etholakala ngaphandle kwedolobha lasePripyat, e-Ukraine - amamayela ayi-11 ukusuka edolobheni laseChernobyl - yaqala ukwakhiwa ngeminyaka yama-1970 ngesiphenduli sokuqala. Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandelayo, kwanezelwa ezinye iziphenduli ezintathu kwathi ezinye ezimbili zaziphakathi nokwakhiwa ngesikhathi senhlekelele - usizi olusabisayo lokho kushiye ukwesaba nosizi laphakade esintwini.
Ngo-Ephreli 26, 1986, ngo-1: 23 ekuseni, isikhungo seNombolo-4 savalwa ukuze sinakekelwe. Kwenziwa ucwaningo lokuhlola isici sokupholisa umnyombo wezimo eziphuthumayo zokuphepha ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvala. Akuqiniseki ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo eziholele ekuqhumeni kodwa ukuphazamiseka komthethonqubo kubonakala kuyingxenye yako.
Ukuqhuma kokuqala kwaba okwentuthu. Intuthu evela eziteshini ezonakele yangena esikhaleni sangaphakathi sesiphenduli okwadala ukubhujiswa kwesitokisi samakhemikhali, ukudiliza nokuphakamisa ngamandla amathani ayi-2,000 XNUMX epuleti eliphezulu. Lokhu kuqhume ezinye iziteshi zikaphethiloli, umnyombo we-reactor ulahlekelwe ngamanzi aphelele futhi i-coefficient enhle ephezulu ingavela ngokuphelele.
Ukuqhuma kwesibili kwenzeke ngemuva kwemizuzwana kulandele eyokuqala. Abanye bathi ukuqhuma kwesibili kubangelwe yi-hydrogen ebikhiqizwe ukuphendula okushisayo kwe-steam-zirconium noma ukusabela kwe-red-hot graphite ngomusi okhiqiza i-hydrogen ne-oxygen. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi bekuyinyukliya kakhulu noma ukuqhuma okushisayo kwesiphenduli ngenxa yokweqa okungalawuleki kwama-neutron asheshayo, okubangelwe ukulahleka okuphelele kwamanzi kumongo we-reactor. Kunoma ikuphi, kwabhekwa njengenhlekelele enkulu kunazo zonke embonini yamandla enyukliya emlandweni. Ukuwa okukhishwe kwakuphindwe kane ngaphezu kokuqhuma kwe-athomu eHiroshima.
Ukuqhuma kubangele ukusabela kwamaketanga. Umlilo kuReactor 4 washa kwaze kwaba nguMeyi 10 ka-1986 ngaphambi kokuthi ucime ekugcineni ngenxa yamaHelicopter awisa isihlabathi nomthofu kanye nokujova i-nitrogen ewuketshezi kuwo. Izinhlayiya ezikhishwa ngemisebe zadedelwa emoyeni. Intuthu nomoya bekuyise edolobheni eliseduze kanye nasemngceleni wamazwe. Ukuwa okuningi kwemisebe kwehle eBelarus. Imvula encane yenuzi yehla yaze yafika e-Ireland.
Bangaphezu kuka-336,000 abantu abakhishiwe. Abantu abangama-600,000 bavezwa yimisebe. Kushone abantu ababili ngesikhathi kuqhuma umusi wokuqala, kodwa abantu abangamashumi amahlanu nesithupha - abasebenzi bezingozi ezingama-47 nezingane eziyisi-9 ezinomdlavuza wegilo - bafa ngqo ngenxa yale nhlekelele. Kwakunokufa okungabalelwa ku-4,000 okuhlobene nomdlavuza kulabo ababhekene nemisebe. Ihlathi likaphayini eliseduze laphenduka u-ginger ansundu futhi lafa lathola igama elithi "Red Forest". Amahhashi asele ngemuva ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kwabantu ashone ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwezindlala ze-thyroid. Ezinye izinkomo nazo zafa kodwa kulezo ezasinda, zathola ukukhula ngenxa yokulimala kwe-thyroid. Izilwane zasendle ezisezindaweni ezithinteke kakhulu ziye zafa noma zayeka ukuzala.
Ngemuva kwenhlekelele, konke ukusebenza kuma-reactor 5 no-6 kumisiwe. I-Reactor 4 yavalwa yafakwa ukhonkolo ongamamitha ayi-660 phakathi kwendawo yenhlekelele namabhilidi asebenzayo. Kwaqubuka umlilo esakhiweni senjini ephendulwa ngamanzi i-reactor 2 ngo-1991. I-Reactor 1 yaxoshwa ngoNovemba 1996 njengengxenye yesivumelwano phakathi kukahulumeni wase-Ukraine nezinhlangano zomhlaba ezifana ne-IAEA. UMongameli ngaleso sikhathi uLeonid Kuchma uqobo uvale iReactor 3 emcimbini osemthethweni ngoDisemba 15, 2000, wasivala ngokuphelele lesi sitshalo.
Ingozi iholele ekutheni kusolwa ukufihlwa kukahulumeni kanye namadolobha ayizipoki. I-Pripyat isiphenduke indawo yokugcina izilwane zasendle. Iningi lalabo abadingisiwe ababange besabuya. Cishe abantu abangama-400 bavunyelwe ukuhlala kabusha ku-Excursion Zone inqobo nje uma bengakaze bacele imali noma usizo uma begula. Kubikwe ukuthi izingane zisazalwa zinokukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa nezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingandile ezindaweni eziseduze naseChernobyl. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-2002, izinkambo zinikezwa bonke labo abafuna ukubona isiza esibi.
Kepha okusala kumangaza kakhulu ngeChernobyl yizicelo eziningi ezethusayo ezishaya umoya wazo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi abafokazi babandakanyeka kule nhlekelele. Abazibonele bathi babone iUFO izulazula ngaphezu kwalesi sitshalo amahora ayisithupha ngesikhathi sengozi. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, udokotela osebenza eChernobyl, e-Iva Naumovna Gospina, wathi wabona into "efana nenhlaka" ngaphezulu kwalesi sitshalo. Ngemuva konyaka, intatheli yathatha isithombe esifana naleso esachazwa nguDkt.
Isidalwa esaziwa ngeBlack Bird yaseChernobyl saphinde sabonwa ezinsukwini eziholela kule nhlekelele. Ichazwa njengesidalwa esikhulu esimnyama, esinjengezinyoni noma indoda engenakhanda enamaphiko angamamitha angu-20, namehlo abomvu. Iye yafaniswa naleyo kaMothman ePoint Pleasant, eNtshonalanga Virginia. Lesi sidalwa asikaze sibonwe kusukela ngenhlekelele.
Abantu babhekana namaphupho amabi asabisayo, besabisa izingcingo nokuhlangana mathupha nesilo esinamaphiko. Ngabe babona isidalwa esingaziwa noma kwakuyinto engajwayelekile ngokwemvelo njengonogolantethe abamnyama? Kungenzeka singazi.
IPripyat, idolobha elisebenza eChernobyl, kukholakala ukuthi lihlaselwa kakhulu. Abantu babenomuzwa wokubukwa lapho bedlula esibhedlela sasedolobheni. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kubukeka njengomphumela we-apocalypse, lowo muzwa ungahle ube ngaphezu kwamandla emvelo. Imibono nezithunzi kuvame ukubonwa. Abanye baze babika ukuthi bathintekile. Kodwa kungenzeka yini ukuthi imimoya yezisulu zayo izulazula ezindaweni ezithintekile? Futhi kungenzeka yini, zonke lezo zidalwa eziyinqaba zaseChernobyl azilutho ngaphandle kwemiphumela yokukhubazeka kofuzo ngenxa yemisebe eyedlulele esemoyeni wayo?
