Kwaze kwaba ngemva kokuba amathambo enqunywe ukuthi madala kakhulu futhi awawona umphumela wokubulawa kwabantu abaningi, lapho izidumbu ezingu-167 ezatholwa echibini laseWindover, eFlorida, zaqala ukuvusa isithakazelo sabavubukuli. Abacwaningi baseFlorida State University bafika kule ndawo, bekholelwa ukuthi kutholakale amathambo engeziwe aboMdabu baseMelika emaxhaphozini.
Balinganisela ukuthi amathambo aneminyaka engama-500-600 ubudala. Amathambo abe esedluliswa i-radiocarbon. Iminyaka yezidumbu isukela eminyakeni eyizi-6,990 8,120 kuya kwengu-XNUMX XNUMX. Umphakathi wezifundo wajabula ngalesi sikhathi. I-Windover Bog iphenduke yaba enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezitholwe yimivubukulo e-United States.
USteve Vanderjagt, umvumbuli, wayesebenzisa ibhegi elidonsela phansi ukucwilisa echibini ngo-1982 ukwakhiwa kwesiqeshana esisha cishe esiphakathi kweDisney World neCape Canaveral. IVanderjagt yayididekile yinani elikhulu lamatshe echibini ngoba leyo ngxenye yeFlorida yayingaziwa ngendawo yayo enamadwala.
UVanderjagt uphume emhlane wakhe waya kobheka, wathola ukuthi usethole inqwaba enkulu yamathambo. Ngokushesha waxhumana neziphathimandla. Indawo yagcinwa kuphela ngenxa yelukuluku lakhe lemvelo.
Ngemuva kokuthi abahloli bezokwelashwa bememezele ukuthi sebebadala kakhulu, kwalethwa ongoti abavela eFlorida State University (esinye isinyathelo esiqhakazile esenziwe yiVanderjagt- imvamisa amasayithi ayonakaliswa ngoba ochwepheshe ababizwa). I-EKS Corporation, abathuthukisi besiza, babethakazeke kakhulu kangangokuba baxhasa ngemali ukuphola kwe-radiocarbon. Ngemuva kokutholakala kwezinsuku ezimangazayo, uMbuso waseFlorida unikeze ngezimali zokumba.
Ngokungafani nezinsalela zabantu ezitholwe emabhogini aseYurophu, izidumbu ezitholwe eFlorida zingamathambo nje - akukho nyama esele emathanjeni. Nokho, lokhu akukwehlisi ukubaluleka kwazo. Ubuchopho butholakale cishe engxenyeni yogebhezi lwekhanda. Ingxenye enkulu yamathambo yatholwa ibekwe ezinhlangothini kwesokunxele, amakhanda abheke ngasentshonalanga, mhlawumbe ngasekushoneni kwelanga, nobuso bubheke enyakatho.
Eziningi zazimi endaweni yengane, imilenze yazo ibheke phezulu, kodwa ezintathu zazilele ziqondile. Ngokuthakazelisayo, umzimba ngamunye wawune-spike eshayelwa endwangwini eyayiwuvalile, mhlawumbe ukuze ungakhuphukeli phezulu emanzini njengoba ukubola kwawo kuwugcwalisa ngomoya. Lesi sinyathelo esisebenzayo ekugcineni savikela izinsalela kubaphangi (izilwane nabaphangi bamathuna) futhi sazigcina ezindaweni zazo ezifanele.
Lokhu kutholakala kunikeza ukuqonda okungakaze kube khona ngesiko labazingeli abaqoqayo elalihlala kule ndawo eminyakeni engaba ngu-7,000 2,000 edlule, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-XNUMX XNUMX ngaphambili Amapiramidi aseGibhithe zazakhiwe. Emashumini eminyaka ngemuva kokutholakala kwabo, amathambo nezinto ezitholwe eceleni kwazo kuhlolwe cishe njalo. Isifundo siveza isithombe sobukhona obunzima kepha obunomvuzo e-pre-Columbian Florida. Yize bebephila kakhulu ngalokho abakwazi ukukuzingela nokukuqoqa, leli qembu belimile, lisikisela ukuthi noma yiziphi izinkinga ababenazo zazincane uma ziqhathaniswa nezinzuzo zesifunda abakhetha ukuhlala kuso.
Impucuko yabo yayiwuthando ngempela. Cishe yonke imizimba yezingane etholakale inamathoyizi amancane ezandleni zayo. Owesifazane othile osekhulile, mhlawumbe oneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, ubonakale enamathambo amaningi aphukile. Ukwephuka kwenzeka eminyakeni eminingana ngaphambi kokuba ashone, okukhombisa ukuthi yize ekhubazekile, abanye abantu bendawo bamnakekela futhi bamsiza nangemva kokuba engasakwazi ukufaka isandla ngokwanele emsebenzini.
Esinye isidumbu, esomfana oneminyaka engu-15, siveze ukuthi unaso spina bifida, isimo sokuzalwa esibi lapho ama-vertebrae engakhuli kahle ndawonye azungeze umgogodla. Phezu kwamathambo akhe amaningi alimele, ubufakazi bukhombisa ukuthi wayethandwa futhi enakekelwa impilo yakhe yonke. Lapho umuntu ebheka ukuthi mangaki amasiko asendulo (futhi ngisho namasiko amanje) ashiye ababuthakathaka nabonakele, lokhu okutholakele kuyaxaka.
Okuqukethwe yimizimba, kanye nezinye izinsalela zemvelo ezitholwe kubhogi, kukhombisa imvelo eyahlukahlukene. Ama-paleobotanists athola izinhlobo zezitshalo ezidliwayo kanye / noma zokwelapha ezingama-30; amajikijolo nezithelo ezincane kwakubaluleke kakhulu ekondleni komphakathi.
Omunye wesifazane, mhlawumbe oneminyaka engu-35 ubudala, watholwa enengxube ye-elderberry, nightshade, ne-holly endaweni lapho isisu sakhe sasingaba khona, okusho ukuthi wayedla izitshalo zezokwelapha ukuze aphathe ukugula. Ngeshwa, le nhlanganisela ayizange isebenze, futhi noma yisiphi isifo owesifazane agcina ebulele. Isimanga yikuthi ugogo lo wayengomunye wemizimba embalwa eyayisabalele kunokuthi igoqe, ubuso bukhangele phansi. Ama-Elderberry nawo asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kwamanye amasiko aseMelika.
Omunye umehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwabantu baseWindover Bog nozakwabo baseYurophu ukuthi akekho noyedwa kwabakwaFloridians owafa ngobudlova. Amadoda, abesifazane, nezingane baphakathi kwezidumbu. Lapho befa, cishe ingxenye yezidumbu yayingaphansi kweminyaka engu-20 ubudala, kuyilapho eziningana zazingaphezu kweminyaka engu-70 ubudala.
Lesi bekuyisilinganiso sokufa esiphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo nesikhathi. Ukuba khona kwezicubu zobuchopho ezithombeni ezingama-91 kusho ukuthi zingcwatshwe ngemuva nje kokushona, kungakapheli amahora angama-48. Ososayensi bayakwazi lokhu ngoba, ngenxa yemvelo eshisayo nenomswakama yaseFlorida, ubuchopho bebuzoncibilika emizimbeni ebingangcwatshwa ngokushesha.
Ngokumangazayo, a DNA ukuhlolwa kwamathambo kuveza ukuthi lezi zidumbu azinabo ubuhlobo obungokwebhayoloji nezamuva nje Umdabu waseMelika abantu abaziwa ukuthi bahlala endaweni. Ngokubona ukulinganiselwa kobuchwepheshe bamuva, cishe uhhafu wendawo ye-Windover yalondolozwa njenge-National Historic Landmark eqokiwe, ukuze abavubukuli babuyele emgodini eminyakeni engu-50 noma eyi-100 ukuze bathole izinsalela ezingaphazanyiswa.
Imithombo: 1) CDC. “Amaqiniso: Spina Bifida.” Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 30 Dec. 2015. 2) Richardson, Joseph L. “Window Bog People Archaeological Dig.” Umlando waseNyakatho Brevard – Titusville, Florida. North Brevard Historical Museum, 1997. 3) Tyson, Peter. “Abantu BaseMelika Bog."PBS. I-PBS, 07 Feb. 2006.
