Xibalba: Iyo isinganzwisisike yeMayan underworld uko mweya yevakafa yakafamba

Nyika yepasi peMayan inozivikanwa seXibalba yakafanana negehena rechiKristu. VaMaya vaitenda kuti murume wese nemukadzi vakafa vakaenda kuXibalba.

Iyo huzhinji hwenyika dzekare dzepasi rose dzakatenda munzvimbo ine rima yerima, yakafanana negehena rechiKristu, uko vanhu vaifamba uye vakasangana nezvikara zvisinganzwisisike uye zvinotyisa zvakavatyisa. Iyo mayans, avo vaigara kumaodzanyemba kweMexico uye vazhinji veCentral America, havana kusara, vachipa zita rekuti hero iyi Xibalba.

Xbalba
Mayan vase ine mufananidzo weXibalbá. © Wikimedia Commons

VaMayan vakafunga kuti kupinda mugero rakasviba uye regehena raive kuburikidza nemazana eecenotes akapararira kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweMexico, izvo zvakatungamira kune labyrinthine network yemvura yakadzika yakashambidzwa mumvura yebhuruu iyo yava nhaka yemuno kuMexico.

Aya masaiti aive pachena matsvene kuna mayans, kupa mukana kunzvimbo izere nevamwari vasinganzwisisike (vanozivikanwa saIshe weXibalba) uye zvisikwa zvinotyisa; Parizvino, ma cenotes anochengetedza aura isinganzwisisike inovaita nzvimbo dzinosungirwa kuti vaone zvakapfuura zveMexico uye zvishamiso zvakasarudzika zvakafadza vagari vekare venzvimbo iyoyo.

Xibalba
Ishe weRufu (Ishe weXibalba). © fandom

Mu Mayan pasi, iwo maIshe eXibalba akarongedzwa nevakuru vakuru nemakanzuru aigara pamwe nerudzi rwebudiriro. Chitarisiko chavo chaigara chiri chisingachinjiki uye chakasviba, uye vaimiririra danda rakatarisana nehupenyu: semhedzisiro, vakashanda seyero pakati penyika dzevapenyu nenyika dzevakafa.

Vanamwari vekutanga veXibalba vaive Hun-Camé (Mumwe-Rufu) uye Vucum-Camé (Manomwe-Rufu), asi mukuru kwazvo aive pasina mubvunzo Ah Puch, anozivikanwa saKisin kana Yum Kimil, iye Ishe WeRufu. Ivo vainamatwa nevaMayan, vaipa zvibayiro zvevanhu mukukudza kwavo.

Xibalba
Gamba Mapatya iro rakabatana zita reXbalanque naHunahpu, avo vakapfupikiswa kuenda kunzvimbo yepasi, Xibalba, uye vanotamba mitambo yebhora vachipesana neRufu Lords mungano dzeMayan. © Wikimedia Commons

Sekureva kwebhuku dzvene reMaya, iyo Popol Vuh, hama mbiri dzinonzi Hunahp naIxbalanqué vakawira pasi pe Underworld nyika isati yaumbwa sezvatinozviziva isu mushure mekushorwa nevamwari kuti vatambe bhora. Vaifanira kutsungirira matambudziko mazhinji parwendo rwavo kupinda munzvimbo inoshamisa uye inotyisa, senge kukwira nhanho, kukwira nzizi dzeropa nemvura, uye kupfuura nemumakamuri erima ane zvisikwa zvemusango kana minzwa.

Iyo Popol Vuh inoratidza akawanda mazinga eXibalba neiyi nzira:

  • Imba yerima, yakakomberedzwa nerima.
  • Inotonhora imba, uko mhepo ine chando yakazadza kona yega yega yemukati.
  • Imba yejaguar, izere nesango jaguar iyo yaimhanya kubva kune yakanyanyisa kuenda kune imwe.
  • Imba yemabara, yakazara nevanhu vane zviremwaremwa zvakazadza imba nema screeches.
  • Imba yemapanga, uko kwaive pasina chinhu asi anopinza uye ane njodzi mapanga.
  • Kuvapo kweimba yechitanhatu inonzi Imba yeKudziya kunotaurwa, uko kwaingova nemazimbe, moto, murazvo nekutambura.

Nokuti the mayans vakafunga kuti murume nemukadzi wese akafa vakaenda kuXibalba, vaipa mvura nechikafu kune vakafa panguva yemhemberero dzavo dzekuviga kuitira kuti mweya wavo usafe nenzara parwendo rwavo rwuri kusvika kuNyika inotyisa.