Mapiramidhi Makuru eGiza anomira sechibvumikiso choungwaru hwevaEgipita vekare. Kwemazana emakore, nyanzvi nevanyori venhau dzakaitika vave vachinetseka kuti nzanga isina ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu uye zvinhu zvishoma yakakwanisa sei kuvaka chivako chinoorora zvakadaro. Muchiwanwa chinokatyamadza, vanochera matongo vakafukunura Diary of Merer, vachijekesa nzira dzokuvaka dzakashandiswa munguva yekare yeEgypt Dynasty. Iyi papyrus yemakore 4,500, yekare kudarika pasi rose, inopa nzwisiso yakadzama mukutakurwa kwematombo makuru eraimu nemagranite, pakupedzisira ichiburitsa inoshamisa engineering feat kuseri kweGreat Pyramids yeGiza.
Kunzwisisa muMerer's Diary
Merer, mukuru mukuru ane chinzvimbo chepakati anonzi inspector (sHD), akanyora nhevedzano yemabhuku enhokwe enhokwe zvino anozivikanwa se “The Diary of Merer” kana kuti “Papyrus Jarf.” Kubva mugore rechimakumi maviri nenomwe rekutonga kwaFarao Khufu, mabhuku aya akanyorwa nemavara ekunyora uye anonyanya kunyorwa nezvezviitiko zvezuva nezuva zvaMerer nevashandi vake. Zvikamu zvakachengetedzwa zvakanyanya, zvakanyorwa Papyrus Jarf A uye B, zvinopa zvinyorwa zvekutakurwa kwematombo machena eraimu kubva kuTura quarries kuenda kuGiza nechikepe.
Kuwanikwazve kwezvinyorwa
Muna 2013, vanochera matongo veFrance Pierre Tallet naGregory Marouard, vachitungamira mishoni kuWadi al-Jarf pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Dzvuku, vakafukura mapepa enhokwe akavigwa pamberi pemapako akaitwa nevanhu aishandiswa kuchengeta zvikepe. Kuwanikwa uku kwakarumbidzwa sechimwe chezvakawanikwa zvakanyanya muEgypt muzana remakore rechi21. Tallet naMark Lehner vakatoidana kuti “mipumburu yeGungwa Dzvuku,” vachiienzanisa ne“Dead Sea Scrolls,” kuti vasimbise kukosha kwayo. Zvikamu zvepapyri parizvino zviri kuratidzwa kuEgyptian Museum muCairo.
Iwo akazarurwa ekuvaka maitiro
The Merer's Diary, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvicherwa zvekuchera matongo, zvakapa ruzivo rutsva rwemaitiro ekuvaka aishandiswa nevaEgipita vekare:
- Artificial Ports: Kuvakwa kwezviteshi yaive nguva yakakosha munhoroondo yeEgypt, kuvhura mikana yekutengeserana inobhadhara uye kutanga hukama nenyika dziri kure.
- Kutakurwa kweRwizi: Diary yaMerer inoratidza kushandiswa kwezvikepe zvemapuranga, zvakanyatsogadzirwa nemapuranga netambo, zvinokwanisa kutakura matombo anorema kusvika matani gumi nemashanu. Zvikepe izvi zvaikwasva zvichidzika nerwizi zvichitevedza Rwizi rwaNire, zvichizotakura matombo kubva kuTura kuenda kuGiza. Anenge mazuva gumi oga oga, nzendo mbiri kana kuti nhatu dzokudzoka dzakaitwa, kuendesa zvichida mabhuroko 15 ematani 30–2 rimwe nerimwe, anosvika mabhuroko 3 pamwedzi.
- Ingenious Waterworks: Chirimo chega chega, mafashamo eNairi akabvumira vaIjipita kutsausa mvura nemugero remugero wakagadzirwa nevanhu, vachigadzira chiteshi chengarava chiri padyo nenzvimbo yekuvaka piramidhi. Iyi nzira yaiita kuti zvikepe zvimire nyore nyore, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvifambe zvakanaka.
- Yakaomesesa Boat Assembly: Nekushandisa 3D scans emapuranga engarava uye kudzidza kuvezwa kwemakuva uye ngarava dzekare dzakaputswa, muongorori wezvinocherwa mumatongo Mohamed Abd El-Maguid akagadzira zvine hungwaru chikepe cheEgypt. Yakasonerwa pamwe chete netambo panzvimbo pezvipikiri kana kuti hoko dzehuni, igwa rekare iri rinoshanda sechipupuriro cheunyanzvi hunoshamisa hwenguva yacho.
- Great Pyramid's real name: Iyo dhayari inotaura zvakare zita rekutanga reGreat Pyramid: Akhet-Khufu, zvichireva kuti "Horizon of Khufu".
- Mukuwedzera kuna Merer, vamwe vanhu vashomanene vanodudzwa muzvidimbu. Anonyanya kukosha ndiAnkhaf (hafu-mukoma waFarao Khufu), anozivikanwa kubva kune mamwe masosi, anofungidzirwa kuti anga ari muchinda uye vizier pasi paKhufu uye/kana Khafre. Munhokwe anonzi munhu anokudzwa (Iry-pat) uye mutariri weRa-shi-Khufu, (zvichida) chiteshi chengarava paGiza.
Zvinoreva uye nhaka
Kuwanikwa kweMerer's Diary nezvimwe zvinhu zvakare kwakaratidza humbowo hwekugadzirisa kwakakura kunotsigira vashandi vanosvika zviuru makumi maviri vari muchirongwa ichi. Ufakazi hwezvinocherwa mumatongo hunonongedzera kunzanga yaikoshesa nokutarisira vashandi vayo, ichigovera zvokudya, pokugara, uye rukudzo nokuda kwaavo vaiita basa rokuvaka mapiramidhi. Uyezve, uku kuita kweinjiniya kwakaratidza kugona kwevaIjipita kumisa masisitimu akaomarara akawedzera kupfuura piramidhi pachayo. Zvirongwa izvi zvaizoumba budiriro yemireniyumu inouya.
Final pfungwa
Merer's Diary inopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pekutakura kwematombo ematombo ekuvakwa kweGiza Pyramids kuburikidza nemigero yemvura uye zvikepe. Nekudaro, havasi vese vanogutsikana neruzivo rwakatorwa kubva mudhayari raMerer. Maererano nevamwe vatsvakurudzi vakazvimiririra, zvinosiya mibvunzo isina mhinduro yekuti zvikepe izvi zvaikwanisa here kufambisa matombo makuru ashandiswa, zvichikonzera kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pekushanda kwawo. Pamusoro pezvo, iro dhayari rinotadza kudonongodza nzira chaiyo yaishandiswa nevashandi vekare kuunganidza uye kubatanidza matombo makuru aya pamwechete, vachisiya mechanics kumashure kwekugadzirwa kweizvi zvimiro zvakakura zvakafukidzwa nechakavanzika.
Zvinogoneka here kuti Merer, mukuru wekare weEgypt anotaurwa muzvinyorwa uye logbooks, akavanza kana kushandura ruzivo nezve maitiro chaiwo ekuvaka eGiza Pyramids? Munhau yose, zvinyorwa zvekare uye zvinyorwa zvagara zvichishandurwa, kuwedzeredzwa, kana kuderedzwa nevanyori pasi pesimba rezviremera nekutonga. Kune rumwe rutivi, vakabudirira vakawanda vakaedza kuchengeta mitoo yavo yokuvaka nounyanzvi hwokuvaka zvakavanzika paumambo hunokwikwidzana. Naizvozvo, hazvingashamisi kana Merer kana vamwe vakabatanidzwa mukuvakwa kwechiyeuchidzo vakamonyanisa chokwadi kana kuvanza nemaune zvimwe zvinhu kuti varambe vaine mukana wemakwikwi.
Pakati pekuvapo uye kusavapo kwehunyanzvi hwepamusoro-soro kana hofori dzekare, kuwanikwa kweMerer's Diary kunoramba kuchishamisa mukuburitsa zvakavanzika zveEgypt yekare nepfungwa dzinoshamisa dzevagari vayo.
