Zvakawanda zvekufambira mberi kukuru mumunda wehutano, mushonga uye biology yemazuva ano, neimwe nzira kana imwe, zvakave nemavara avo ane hukama nekumwe kuyedza kwaisanganisira mwero wakashata wehutsinye. Kunyangwe paine masayendisiti aishanda chinhambwe kubva munzira yetsika, nhasi kufambira mberi uku kunoponesa mamirioni ehupenyu gore rega.
Ehezve, kune vamwewo, izvo zviedzo izvo zvaisashanda zvakanyanya kudarika kupa mweya unopisa weropa wevanonyanya kusuwa uye vanorwara pfungwa, muzita resainzi. Tinokukoka iwe kuti uzive maviri e kuedza kwakaipisisa kwevanhu munhoroondo: Iyo Tuskegee kuyedza uye kuyedza nesyphilis kuGuatemala.
Iyo "Tuskegee Kuedza"
Inotorwa seimwe yeakaedzwa zvine utsinye munhoroondo, kunyanya nekuda kwehurefu hwayo, iyo Tuskegee Study kesi yeiyo isingarapwe syphilis mune vatema varume - inonyatso kuzivikanwa se "Tuskegee Kuedza" - inongedzo mune yega kosi mune American zvokurapa maitiro.
Ichi chidzidzo chakavandudzwa muna 1932 muTuskegee, Alabama, icho chakaitwa neboka revasayendisiti kubva kuUS Public Health Service, umo vakaongorora mhedzisiro yesyphilis muvanhu kana vasina kurapwa. Vanoda kusvika mazana mana evarume vane mavara matema, vasingagoni kuverenga nekunyora veAfro-vazukuru uye vane hutachiona hwechirwere, vakapinda muchiitiko ichi chine hutsinye uye chinokakavara zvisingaite uye pasina mvumo.
Vanachiremba vakavaona vaine chirwere chemanyepo chavakadana kuti "ropa rakaipa" uye havana kumbobvira varapwa, asi vakangocherechedzwa kuti vanzwisise kuti chirwere ichi chakashanduka sei chisina kurapwa uye kana chaityisa.
Pakazivikanwa mugore ra1947 kuti penicillin inogona kupedza chirwere ichi, haina kuzoshandiswa kana kusvika muna 1972 (makore makumi mana chaiwo gare gare), apo pepanhau rakaita kuti kuferefeta uku kuve pachena, zviremera zvakafunga kumisa kuedza.
Iyi mamiriro ese aive nerutivi rwayo rwakanaka mumakore mushure mekuguma kwayo, sezvo zvakatungamira mukuchinja kukuru mukudzivirirwa zviri pamutemo kwevarwere nevatori vechikamu muzvidzidzo zvekiriniki. Vakapona vashoma pane izvi zviedzo zvisina hunhu vakagamuchira ruregerero kubva kune vaimbova Mutungamiri Bill Clinton.
Iko kuyedza kwesyphilis kuGuatemala
Pamusoro pekuyedza kwaTuskegee, masayendisiti eAmerica asina kugutsikana, akatungamirwa nepfungwa dzakarwara dzakafanana: John Charles Cutler, akaitisa chiedzo cheSyphilis kuGuatemala pakati pa1946 na1948, icho chakange chiine nhevedzano yezvidzidzo nekupindirwa nehurumende yeUnited States, munyika dzeGuatemala . Mune ino kesi, vanachiremba vakatapura nemaune huwandu hwakakura hwevagari vemuGuatemala, kubva kuvarwere vepfungwa kusvika kuvasungwa, pfambi, masoja, vakwegura uye kunyangwe vana vanobva kumisha inochengetwa nherera.
Zviripachena, vanhu vanopfuura chiuru nemazana mashanu havana kuziva kuti zvii zvaiiswa navanachiremba kuburikidza nehutachiona, kubatwa ne syphilis, imwe yeSTD dzakaipisisa. Kana vatapukirwa, vakapihwa nhevedzano yemishonga nemakemikari kuti vaone kana zvaigona kudzivirira kupararira kwechirwere.
Pane humbowo hwekuti, pakati pedzimwe nzira dzakashandiswa kutapuriranwa, vanachiremba vakabhadhara vanyajambwa kuti vaite zvepabonde nemahure ane hutachiona, nepo mune dzimwe nguva, ronda rakakonzerwa panhengo yemurume uye ndokusaswa netsika dzakasimba dze syphilis bacteria (Treponema pallidum).
Hutsinye hukuru hwekuyedza uku, hwakafanana neya Tuskegee, pasina mubvunzo hune fungidziro yakadzama yerusaruraganda - yakakonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya munharaunda yeGuatemala zvekuti muna 2010, United States yakakumbira ruregerero kuruzhinji, ichiongorora zvakare nyaya yacho.
Izvi zvakaitika musi waGumiguru 1, apo Secretary of State of the United States of America, Hillary Clinton, pamwechete na Secretary of Health and Human Services, Kathleen Sebelius, vakapa chirevo chekubatana vachikumbira ruregerero kuvanhu veGuatemala nepasi rese nekuda kwekuyedza . Pasina kupokana, imwe yenzvimbo dzakasviba kwazvo munhoroondo yesainzi.
