25 inokatyamadza sainzi kuyedza munhoroondo yevanhu
Isu tese tinoziva sainzi iri nezve 'kuwanikwa' uye 'kuongorora' izvo zvinotsiva kusaziva nekutenda mashura neruzivo. Uye zuva nezuva, matani eanoda kuziva esainzi akaedza kutora chinhanho chakakosha kuti awane kukwirira muminda senge biomedicine uye psychology, ichiita nzira inoshamisa yekuvandudza nzira dzinobudirira dzekuunganidza ruzivo rwakakodzera, kurapa kusagadzikana kwepanyama kana kwepfungwa, uye kunyange kuchengetedza isu kubva kune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anouraya kamwechete. Asi zvinogona zvakare kusanganisira kuita zvimwe zvakanaka zvisina kujairika zvinhu. Mumakore mazana maviri apfuura, vesaenzi muzita rekupayona vakaita zvimwe zvekushamisa uye zvehutsinye kuyedza munhoroondo yevanhu izvo zvichazonetsa vanhu nekusingaperi.
Heino, inotevera irondedzero yezvinonyanya kuvhiringidza, zvinotyisa uye zvisina hunhu zvesainzi zviongororwa zvakamboitwa munhoroondo yevanhu izvo zvinokupa zviroto muhope dzako:
1 | Vatatu Jesu Kristu
Mukupera kwema1950, chiremba wezvepfungwa Milton Rokeach akawana varume vatatu vachitambura nekunyengera kwekuva Jesu. Mumwe nemumwe murume aive nemafungiro ake akasarudzika ezvaive ivo. Rokeach akaita kuti vaunzwe pamwechete kuMichigan's Ypsilanti State Hospital uye vakaita ongororo apo varwere vepfungwa vatatu vakaitwa kuti vagare pamwe kwemakore maviri, mukuyedza kuona kana zvavanotenda zvichizochinja.
Pakarepo, vakabva vatanga kuitisana nharo kuti Jesu chaiye ndiani. Mumwe murwere aipopotera mumwe, "Kwete, uchandinamata!" kuwedzera mhirizhonga. Kubva pakutanga chaipo, Rokeach akashandura hupenyu hwevarwere nekugadzira yakakura mamiriro ekunyengera mhinduro dzemanzwiro. Mukupedzisira, hapana wevarwere akaporeswa. Rokeach akaisa mibvunzo yakati wandei maererano nemabatirwo aaiitwa kurapwa mhedzisiro yacho yaive isinganzwisisike uye isina kukosha.
2 | Kuedza kweStanford Musungwa
Muna 1971, kuyedza kuStanford University muCalifornia kwakaratidza kuti vanhu, kunyangwe isu vatinotarisira zvishoma, zvakasikwa vane divi rinotyisa rinoburitswa nekuda kwezvimwe zvinokonzera. Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Philip Zimbardo neboka rake rekutsvagurudza vakatora makumi maviri nevaviri undergraduates vakavapa mabasa sevasungwa kana varindi, mutirongo rekunyepedzera pakambasi.
Kunyangwe paine kuraira kwekusashandisa chero mhirizhonga mukuchengetedza kudzora uye kurongeka, mushure memazuva mashoma, mumwe chete pavarindi vatatu airatidza maitiro akashata, vasungwa vaviri vaifanira kubviswa nekukurumidza nekuda kwekushungurudzika mupfungwa, uye kuyedza kwese kwakangotora matanhatu iyo yakarongwa mazuva gumi nemana. Yakaratidza kuti vanhu vakajairika vanogona sei kushungurudza, mumamiriro ezvinhu ari nyore kusvika, kunyangwe kana vasina kuratidza zviratidzo pamberi pekuyedza.
3 | Hongo hweMunhu - Akabatwa Mune Mouse!
Vatsvagiri veSalk Institute muLa Jolla vakawana nzira yekukura maseru ehuropi hwemunhu nekubairira majekiseni emadzimai emumbryonic mumbeva dzemucheche. Izvi zvinobatanidza mapatya anotyisa emasero masero uye kutsvagurudza kwemaitiro kutipa chero supersmart squirmy mbeva vacheche, kana vanhu vane mbeva uropi.
4 | Iyo Inotyisa YeNazi Yevanhu Kuedza
Munhoroondo yevanhu, hutsinye hwekurapa hwakaitwa nevaNazi hunonzi ndizvo zviitiko zvinoshamisa uye zvinokatyamadza zvakanyorwa zvakanaka uye zvinotyisa zvisingaite. Iko kuyedza kwakaitwa mumisasa yevasungwa, uye muzviitiko zvakawanda zvakakonzera kufa, kuremara, kana kuremara zvachose.
Ivo vaizoedza bone, mhasuru, uye tsinga kuisazve; kuratidza avo vanobatwa nezvirwere uye makemikari anopisa; mbereko, uye chero chinhu chipi zvacho chakashata vanachiremba veNazi chavanogona kufunga pamusoro.
Kuyedza kweutsinye kwakaitwa muma1940 nachiremba wechiNazi ainzi Josef Mengele, uyo aizivikanwawo saiye "Ngirozi yerufu". Akashandisa akaenzana seti 1,500 seti yemapatya, kazhinji vana vechiRomany nevechiJuda, nekuda kwekurwadziwa kwemajini kuAuschwitz. Vanenge mazana maviri chete ndivo vakapona. Kuedza kwake kwaisanganisira kutora mboni yeziso remumwe mapatya ndokuisungirira kumusana kwemumwe musoro wemapatya, achichinja vara reziso revana nekubairira jekiseni dhayi, achivaisa mudzimba dzekumanikidza, kuvaedza nemishonga, kukanda kana kudziya kusvika pakufa, uye kuratidza kune akasiyana mamwe marwadzo. Mune chimwe chiitiko, mapatya maviri echiRomany akasonererwa pamwechete kuyedza kugadzira mapatya akabatanidzwa.
Kunze kweizvi, muna 1942, kuti ibatsire vatyairi veGerman, iyo yeGerman Air Force (yeNazi) yakavharira vasungwa kubva kuDachau yevasungwa mukamuri isina mhepo, yakadzvanyirira. Iyo kamuri yakagadzirirwa sekuti mamiriro mukati mayo aive pakakwirira kusvika pamazana matanhatu ezviuru. Kuyedza kune njodzi uku kwakatungamira kurufu rwe makumi masere kubva pamakumi maviri ezvidzidzo. Avo vakapona vakaurayiwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana dzinotyisa.
Chiri zvakare chinotyisa ndechekuti ruzivo urwu rwakabatsira sei kune sainzi yekurapa. Huwandu hukuru hweruzivo rwedu nezve kukwirira-kukwirira, hypothermia uye kutonhora kwehunhu vanhu kwakavakirwa pane iyi dhata yakaunganidzwa kubva kuongororo dzakadai dzeNazi. Vazhinji vakamutsa mibvunzo nezvehunhu hwekushandisa data rakaunganidzwa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa kudaro.
5 | Iyo Monster Kudzidza
Muna 1939, vaongorori veYunivhesiti yeIowa, Wendell Johnson naMary Tudor vakaita chiedzo pamusoro pevana nherera makumi maviri nevaviri muDavenport, Iowa; achiti ivo vaizogamuchira matauriro ekutaura. Vanachiremba vakapatsanura vana kuita mapoka maviri, rekutanga rakagamuchira kurapwa kwakanaka kwekutaura uko vana vairumbidzwa nekugona kutaura.
Muboka rechipiri, vana vakagamuchira kurapwa kwekutaura uye vakashoreka pakukanganisa kwese kwekutaura. Vana vanowanzo taura vari muboka rechipiri vakatanga matambudziko ekutaura ayo avakazochengeta kwehupenyu hwavo hwese. Kutyiswa nenhau dzekuyedza kwevanhu kwakaitwa nemaNazi, Johnson naTudor havana kumboburitsa zvavakabuditsa "Monster Study."
6 | Inodyarwa Identity Code
Radio-frequency chitupa (RFID) inoshandisa magetsi emagetsi kuti ione otomatiki uye nekuteedzera mataki akasungirirwa kuzvinhu. Iwo ma tag ane ruzivo rwepamagetsi-rwakachengetwa. Yokutanga RFID Kuisirwa mumunhu kwaive muna 1998, uye kubvira ipapo yanga iri nyore sarudzo kune vanhu vanoda kuve zvishoma cyborg. Zvino makambani, majeri, uye zvipatara zvava nazvo FDA Kugamuchirwa kuzviisa mumunhu mumwe nemumwe, kuitira kuti uone kuti vanhu vari kuenda kupi. Gweta guru reMexico rakawana gumi nevasere vevashandi vake vakagurwa kutonga avo vane mukana wekuwana magwaro. Tarisiro yebhizinesi kumanikidza vashandi vayo kuti vagamuchire kudyara kwemhando ipi neipi inotyisa uye ine hukasha.
7 | Nyowani Akazvarwa Vacheche Kuedza (Mune Iwo ma1960)
Muma1960s, vaongorori veYunivhesiti yeCalifornia vakashandisa vakatenderedza vana zana negumi nevatatu vane mwedzi mumwe kusvika mitatu mukuyedza kwakasiyana-siyana kudzidza shanduko yeropa uye kuyerera kweropa. Mune kumwe kwekuyedza, makumi mashanu evana vachangoberekwa vakasungirirwa pachavo pabhodhi rekudzingiswa. Vakabva vadzoserwa kune imwe kona kuti ropa rimhanye kumusoro kwavo kuti BP yavo iongororwe.
8 | Radiation Kuyedza Pamadzimai Akazvitakura
Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, radioactive zvinhu zvakaedzwa pamadzimai akazvitakura. Vanotsvagisa vezvekurapa muAmerica vakapa chikafu chine mwaranzi kune vakadzi vane pamuviri makumi masere nevaviri apo vaishanda pane yavo pfungwa ye radioactivity nehondo yemakemikari mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Vaya vakaurayiwa vakaudzwa kuti vakapihwa 'zvinwiwa zvemagetsi' zvinozovandudza hutano hwevana vavo. Havasi ivo chete vana vakafa neleukemia, asi vanaamai vakasanganawo nekuputika kwakakomba nemaronda, pamwe nezvimwe zvirwere zvegomarara.
9 | Sigmund Freud Uye Nyaya YaEmma Eckstein
Mukupera kwezana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe, Eckstein akauya kuFreud kuzorapwa chirwere chetsinga. Akamuona aine huhasha uye kunyanyisa bonhora. Shamwari yake Willhelm Fleis aidavira kuti mweya nekuita bonhora zvakawandisa zvinogona kurapwa nekucheka mhino, saka akaita oparesheni paEckstein kwaakanyanya kupisa mhuno dzake. Akatambura nehutachiona hunotyisa, uye akasara akaremara zvachose sezvo Fleiss akasiya gauze yekuvhiya mumhino yake yemhino. Vamwe vakadzi vakatambura kuburikidza nekuedzwa kwakafanana.
10 | MaMilgram Ongororo
Izvo zvisina kujairika "kuvhunduka" kuyedza kwakaitwa naStanley Milgram muma1960 mune imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa masayendisiti epfungwa kunze uko, uye nechikonzero chakanaka. Zvakaratidza kuti vanhu vaizosvika kure zvakadii kana varairwa kuti vakuvadze mumwe munhu neane chiremera. Chidzidzo chinozivikanwa chepfungwa chakaunza vanozvipira avo vaifunga kuti vari kutora chikamu mukuyedza kwavachaunza zvinotyisa kune imwe bvunzo.
Chiremba akakumbira kuti vaunze kukatyamadza kukuru uye kwakakura, kutanga kubva gumi nemashanu kuenda kumagumo kune mazana mashanu ema volts, kunyangwe iyo "test subject" payakatanga kuchema nemarwadzo uye (mune dzimwe nguva) kufa. Muchokwadi, kuyedza kwaive kwekuona kuti vanhu vanoteerera sei kana chiremba akavaudza kuti vaite chimwe chinhu chaityisa uye chingangove chinouraya.
Vazhinji vatori vechikamu mukuyedza vaida kuvhundutsa iyo "bvunzo dzevadzidzi" (vatambi vakapihwa basa naMilram akapa maitiro enhema) kudzamara vatenda izvo zvidzidzo zvakakuvadzwa kana kufa. Gare gare, vazhinji vatori vechikamu vakataura kuti vakashungurudzwa kwehupenyu mushure mekuona kuti vaikwanisa kuita hunhu hwakadai.
11 | Robert Heath's Electric Bonde Kukurudzira
Robert G. Heath aive chiremba wezvepfungwa wekuAmerica akatevera dzidziso ye 'zvipenyu zvepfungwa' kuti urema hurema ndiko chete kwaikonzera kurwara nepfungwa, uye kuti nekudaro matambudziko epfungwa airapika nenzira dzenyama. Kuratidza izvo, muna 1953, Dr. Heath akaisa maelekitirodhi muuropi hwenyaya uye akavhundutsa septal region - yakabatana nemanzwiro emufaro - uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvikamu zvehuropi hwake.
Kushandisa izvi yakadzika uropi kukurudzira maitiro, akange aedza nezvenyaya iyi neanhurume yekutendeuka kurapwa uye akataura kuti akabudirira kushandura ngochani, akanyorwa mupepa rake se Murwere B-19. Iwo maSeptal electrode akabva akurudzirwa apo airatidzwa hupombwe. Murwere akazokurudzirwa kuita zvepabonde nepfambi yakanyoreswa chidzidzo ichi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Heath akati murwere akabudirira kushandurwa kuita hupombwe. Nekudaro, kutsvagisa uku kunganzi kusiri kuita nhasi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana zvehunhu.
12 | Musayendisiti Anorega Tupukanana Tirarame Mukati Make!
Iyo jecha flea, inozivikanwawo sechigger flea, yakanaka chose. Inodzika zvachose muganda remunhu ane ropa rinodziya - semunhu - uko rinozvimba, rinoburitsa tsvina, uye rinogadzira mazai, risati rafa mavhiki e4-6 gare gare, richiri rakapinza muganda. Isu tinoziva zvakawanda nezvavo, asi kusvika parizvino, hupenyu hwavo hwepabonde hwakafukidzwa zvakavanzika. Kwete zvekare: Mumwe muongorori muMadagascar aifarira kukura kwejecha zvekuti akarega rimwe remabhugi richigara mukati merutsoka rwake kwemwedzi miviri. Maonero ake epedyo akabhadharwa: Akafunga kuti zvipembenene zvinogona kuita bonde kana vanhukadzi vatove mukati mevavagara.
13 | Stimoceiver
José Delgado, purofesa weYale, akagadzira iyo Stimocever, redhiyo yakaiswa muuropi kudzora maitiro. Kunyanya kushamisa, akaratidzira kushanda kwayo nekumisa nzombe yekuchaja neyakaiswa. Kunze kwekuti chinhu ichi chaigona kudzora zviito zvevanhu. Muneimwe kesi, iyo yekudyara yakakonzera kushushikana kwekushushikana kwemukadzi, uyo akamira kuzvitarisira uye akarasikirwa nemimwe mota mashandisiro mushure mekushandisa inosimudzira. Akatogadzira chironda pamunwe wake kubva kugara achigadzirisa dhiraidhi yekukura.
14 | THN1412 Kuedzwa Kwemishonga
Muna 2007, kutongwa kwezvinodhaka kwakatangira THN1412, kurapwa kweleukemia. Yakanga yaedzwa kare mumhuka uye yakawanikwa yakachengeteka zvachose. Kazhinji, mushonga unonzi wakachengeteka kuyedza pavanhu kana ukaonekwa kuti hauna kubereka kumhuka. Pakayedzwa kuyedzwa muzvidzidzo zvevanhu, vanhu vakapihwa madhizaini kwakapetwa ka500 zvakapetwa pane zvakawanikwa zvakachengeteka kumhuka. Zvakangodaro, uyu mushonga, wakachengeteka kumhuka, wakakonzera njodzi kukundikana kwemuviri muzvidzidzo zvekuyedza. Apa mutsauko pakati pemhuka nevanhu waive unouraya.
15 | Dr. William Beaumont Uye Dumbu
Muna 1822, mutengesi wematehwe kuMackinac Island kuMichigan akapfurwa netsaona mudumbu akarapwa naDr William Beaumont. Kunyangwe paine fungidziro dzakakomba, mutengesi weboya akapona - asi aine gomba (fistula) mudumbu rake risina kumbopora. Achiziva iwo wakasarudzika mukana wekucherechedza maitiro ekugaya, Beaumont akatanga kuita zviedzo. Beaumont yaisunga chikafu kune tambo, wozochipinza nepaburi mudumbu revatengesi. Maawa mashoma ega ega, Beaumont aibvisa chikafu kuti aone kuti chakagayirwa sei. Kunyangwe zvaityisa, kuyedza kwaBeaumont kwakatungamira mukugamuchirwa kwepasirese kuti kugaya kwaive kemikari, kwete muchina.
16 | CIA Zvirongwa MK-ULTRA & QKHILLTOP
MK-ULTRA raive zita rekodhi renhevedzano yeCIA yekufunga-yekudzora yekuongorora, yakanyura mukubvunzurudzwa kwemakemikari uye LSD dosing. Mukushanda Midima Climax, ivo vakahaya pfambi kunotora vatengi neLSD kuti vaone mhedzisiro yayo kune vasingadi kutora chikamu. Pfungwa chaiyo yesangano reHurumende iri kuyedza kudzora pfungwa, zvese kusimudzira kugona kweshamwari dzayo, uye nekuparadza avo vevavengi vayo, inotyisa nenzira inokodzera.
Muna 1954, iyo CIA yakagadzira kuyedza kunodaidzwa Chirongwa QKHILLTOP kudzidza matekinoroji ekuChinese ekushambidza pfungwa, ayo avakazoshandisa kugadzira nzira nyowani dzekubvunzurudza. Aitungamira kutsvagurudzo aive Dr. Harold Wolff weCornell University Medical School. Mushure mekukumbira kuti CIA imupe ruzivo nezvekusungwa, kunyimwa, kunyadziswa, kushungurudzwa, kushambidza pfungwa, hypnoses, nezvimwe, timu yekutsvaga yaWolff yakatanga kuronga chirongwa chavaizogadzira zvinodhaka zvakavanzika uye dzakasiyana nzira dzinokuvadza huropi. Sekureva kwetsamba yaakanyora, kuti aedze zvizere mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa kunokuvadza, Wolff aitarisira kuti CIA iite "kuti iwanike zvidzidzo zvakakodzera.
17 | Kubvisa Zvikamu Zvemuviri Kurapa Kupenga
Dr. Henry Cotton vaive chiremba mukuru weNew Jersey State Lunatic Asylum iyo parizvino inonzi Trenton Psychiatric Hospital. Akagutsikana kuti nhengo dzemukati, kana dzava kubuda utachiona, ndidzo dzaikonzeresa kupenga uye dzinofanirwa kuburitswa kuti dzidzidziswe. Muna 1907, iyo "Bacteriology yekuvhiya" Maitiro aiitwa kazhinji pasina mvumo yevarwere. Mazino, matonhe uye kunyangwe zvakadzika nhengo dzemukati semakoroni aifungidzirwa kuti ari kukonzera kupenga zvakaburitswa. Kuti aratidze pfungwa yake, chiremba akaburitsawo mazino ake, pamwe neaya emukadzi wake nevanakomana vake! Vane makumi mana nevapfumbamwe varwere vakafa nemaitiro, ayo aakaruramisa se "Kuguma-danho psychosis." Parizvino anoonekwa senge nyanzvi yekupayona akagadzira nzira yekuedza kurapa kupenga - asi vashoropodzi vachiri kufunga kuti mabasa ake anotyisa, zvakadaro!
18 | Hepatitis Mune Vakaremara Mune Vana
Muma1950, Willowbrook State School, inzvimbo yehurumende yeNew York inotungamirwa nevana vakaremara mupfungwa, yakatanga kusangana nekupararira kwehepatitis. Nekuda kwemamiriro asina hutsanana, zvaive zvisingadzivisike kuti vana ava vaizobatwa nechirwere cheropa. Dr. Saul Krugman, akatumwa kuti aongorore kuputika uku, akaronga kuyedza kwaizobatsira mukugadzira mushonga. Nekudaro, kuyedza kwaida kutapura nemaune vana chirwere ichi. Kunyangwe kudzidza kwaKrugman kwaipokana kubva pakutanga, vatsoropodzi vakapedzisira vanyaradzwa netsamba dzemvumo dzakawanikwa kubva kuvabereki vemwana wega wega. Muchokwadi, kupa mwana kumuyedzo kazhinji ndiyo chete nzira yekuvimbisa kubvumidzwa kupinda munzvimbo yakazara vanhu.
19 | Kuedza Kwevanhu MuSoviet Union
Kutanga muna 1921 uye kuenderera kwemazana ezana ramakumi maviri nemasere, Soviet Union yakashandisa marabhoritari ane chepfu anozivikanwa seLabhoritari 21, Laborator 1, uye Kamera senzvimbo dzekutsvagisa dzakavanzika dzemapurisa epachivande. Vasungwa vemaGulags vakaoneswa huwandu hwehuturu hunouraya, chinangwa chayo chaive chekuwana chisinganake, chisina hunhu chemakemikari chaisawanikwa post post mortem. Kwayedzwa chepfu yaisanganisira gadhi yemasitadhi, ricin, digitoxin, uye curare, pakati pevamwe. Varume nevakadzi vemazera akasiyana uye mamiriro epanyama vakaunzwa kumarabhoritari uye ndokupihwa huturu se "mushonga," kana chikamu chekudya kana chinwiwa.
20 | Kuchengeta Musoro Wembwa Ive Mupenyu
Mukupera kwema1920, chiremba weSoviet anonzi Sergei Brukhonenko akafunga kuyedza dzidziso yake, kuburikidza nekuyedza kunotyisa. Akadimbura musoro imbwa uye achishandisa yakazvigadzira yemuchina inonzi 'autojektor,Akakwanisa kuchengetedza musoro uri mupenyu kwemaawa akawanda. Akapenya mwenje mumaziso ayo, maziso ndokubwaira. Paakanorovera sando patafura, imbwa yakapenya. Akatodyisa musoro chimedu chechizi, icho chakakurumidza kubuda chubhu yeoesophagal kune rimwe divi. Musoro waive mupenyu zvechokwadi. Brukhonenko akagadzira vhezheni itsva ye autojektor (yekushandisa pane vanhu) mugore rimwe chetero; inogona kuonekwa nhasi pachiratidziro paMuseum yeMoyo Kuvhiya paBakulev Scientific Center yeCardiovascular Surgery muRussia.
21 | Basa raRazaro
Munguva ye1930s, Dr. Robert E. Cornish, wechidiki California sainzi akashamisa nyika nekuunza imbwa yakafa, Razaro, kudzokera kuhupenyu mushure mekukundikana katatu kuyedza. Akataura kuti aive awana nzira yekuchengetera hupenyu kune vakafa; mune dzimwe nguva hapana huru yenhengo dzakakuvadzwa. Mukuita uku, aibaya musanganiswa wemakemikari kuburikidza netsinga dzezvitunha. Aive ave kugadzirira kudzokorora kuyedza kwake achishandisa zvidzidzo zvevanhu. Saka akange akumbira magavhuna ematunhu matatu, Colorado, Arizona neNevada kuti vamupe mitumbi yematsotsi mushure mekunge vanzi vafira mudzimba dzinouraya gasi - asi zvikumbiro zvake zvakarambwa pazvikonzero zvakasiyana. Nekudaro, vachinzwa nezvedambudziko rake, vanhu vangangosvika makumi mashanu, vaifarira zvese sainzi uye nemubhadharo ungangoitika, vakazvipa sevanhu vanotongwa.
22 | Kuedza Kwevanhu MuNoth Korea
Vanoverengeka vekuNorth Korea vakatsauka vakatsanangura kupupurira zviitiko zvinovhiringidza zvekuyedza kwevanhu. Mune kumwe kunofungidzirwa kuyedza, makumi mashanu evakadzi vane hutano vasungwa vakapihwa chepfu mashizha ekabichi - vakadzi vese makumi mashanu vakafa mukati memaminitsi makumi maviri. Zvimwe zvakatsanangurwa kuyedzwa zvinosanganisira maitiro ekuvhiya vasungwa vasina anesthesia, kufa nenzara zvine chinangwa, kurova vasungwa pamusoro pemusoro usati washandisa zombie-senge vakaurayiwa pachiitiko chekuita, uye dzimba umo mhuri dzese dzinourawa nemweya wekutadza. Zvinonzi mwedzi wega wega, kombi nhema inonzi "gunguwo" inounganidza 40-50 vanhu kubva kumusasa uye anovaendesa kunzvimbo inozivikanwa yekuyedza.
23 | Iyo Aversion Chirongwa
Iyo projekiti yekuyedza yekuedza yakaitwa panguva yehutongerwe enyika muSouth Africa. Ichitungamirwa naDr. Aubrey Levin, chirongwa ichi chakaratidza masoja echingochani kubva muchiuto uye vakavaisa mukurwadziswa kunotyisa kwekurapa. Pakati pa1971 na1989, masoja mazhinji akange aendeswa mukutorwa kwemakemikari uye kurapwa kwemagetsi. Kana vasingakwanise kuchinja maitiro epabonde evamwe vakaurayiwa, vakamanikidza mauto muchiitiko chekuchinja bonde. Vanonzi vanosvika mazana mapfumbamwe varume ngochani, kunyanya vari pakati pemakore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri nemana ekuberekwa, vakavhiyiwa vakadzi.
24 | Chikamu 731
Mu 1937, the Imperial Mauto eJapan vakatora mhando yechisimba kwazvo yekuyedza munhoroondo yevanhu, kunyangwe ichinyatso kuzivikanwa kupfuura kuyedza kweNazi - sei, iwe uchaiwana mushure mekanguva. Yaive yakonzeresa mamwe emhosva dzakakurumbira dzehondo dzinoitwa neImperial Japan.
Kuedza kwakaitwa kuguta rePingfang mudhorobha reJapan remaManchukuo (rava kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweChina). Vakavaka hombe hombe ine zvivakwa 105 uye vakaunza zvidzidzo zvekuyedzwa kusanganisira vacheche, vakwegura uye vakadzi vane nhumbu. Vazhinji veavo vakaedza vakaedza vaive maChinese nepo vashoma muzana vaive Soviet, Mongolian, Korea, uye mamwe maAllied POWs.
Zviuru zvavo zvakaitirwa kuvhenekwa, kuvhiya zvisingaite kune vasungwa, kubvisa nhengo kuti dziongorore zvinokonzeresa zvechirwere mumuviri wemunhu, kazhinji pasina anesthesia uye kazhinji ichipera nekufa kwevakabatwa. Izvi zvaiitwa varwere vachiri vapenyu nekuti zvaifungidzirwa kuti kufa kwechinhu ichi kuchakanganisa zvabuda. Vasungwa vakagurwa makumbo kana mikono kuti vadzidze kurasikirwa kweropa. Iwo makumbo kana maoko akabviswa dzimwe nguva akasungirirwa zvakare kumativi akatarisana emuviri.
Vamwe vasungwa vakabviswa matumbu uye dumbu rakanamatira ura. Zvikamu zvemitezo, senge huropi, mapapu, uye chiropa, zvakabviswa kubva kune vamwe vasungwa. Dzimwe nhoroondo dzinoratidza kuti tsika yekuona zvinhu pazvinhu zvevanhu yakanga yakapararira kunyangwe kunze kweUni 731.
Kunze kweizvi, vasungwa vakabayiwa jekiseni nezvirwere zvakaita sesyphilis uye gonorrhea, kuti vadzidze zvinokonzereswa nezvirwere zvisina hutano. Vasungwa vechikadzi vaidzokororwazve kubatwa chibharo nevarindi uye vakamanikidzwa kuve nepamuviri kuti vashandise mukuyedza. Zvinhu zvakatapukirwa nedenda zvakavharirwa mumabhomba zvakadonhedzwa pazvinangwa zvakasiyana. Iwo aishandiswa sezvinangwa zvevanhu kuyedza magrenade akaiswa pamatanho akasiyana. Vanopisa moto vakaedzwa pavari uye ivo vakasungirirwawo pamatanda uye akashandiswa sezvinangwa kuyedza mabomba anoburitsa hutachiona, zvombo zvemakemikari, uye mabhomba anoputika.
Mune kumwe kuyedzwa, vasungwa vaitorerwa chikafu nemvura, vakaiswa mumakamuri ekudzvinyirira kusvika parufu; akaedza pamusoro pekuti aone hukama pakati pekupisa, kupisa, uye kurarama kwevanhu; yakaiswa muma centrifuges uye yakarukwa kusvika parufu; jekiseni neropa remhuka; yakatarisana nemitezo inouraya ye x-ray; pasi pemakemikari akasiyana siyana mukati memakamuri egasi; jekiseni nemvura yegungwa; ndokupiswa kana kuvigwa ndiri mupenyu. Vanenge zviuru zvitatu varume, vakadzi, uye vana vakaunzwa imomo, uye pakange pasati pave nenhoroondo dzevapukunyuka veChitatu 3,000.
Chikwata ichi chakatambira rutsigiro rwakakura kubva kuhurumende yeJapan kusvika pakapera hondo muna 1945. Panzvimbo pekuyedzwa mhosva dzehondo mushure mehondo, vatsvagurudzo vakapinda muChikamu 731 vakapihwa hutachiwana pachivande neUnited States mukutsinhana dhata yakaunganidzwa kuburikidza nekuedzwa kwevanhu.
25 | Tuskegee Uye Guatemala Syphilis Ongororo
Pakati pemakore 1932 na1972, varimi 399 varombo vemuAfrica -America muTuskegee, Alabama, vaine syphilis vakanyoreswa muchirongwa chemahara pasi peUS Public Health Service kurapa chirwere chavo. Asi vesaenzi vakaita chiedzo pachivande kuvarwere, vachiramba kurapa kwakanaka (penicillin) kunyangwe yaivapo; chete kuona kuti chirwere ichi chaizofambira mberi sei kana chikasarapwa. Muna 1973, vadzidzi vacho vakamhan'arira hurumende yeUS kumatare edzimhosva nekuda kwekuedza kwavo kunopokana kunotungamira mukuchinja kukuru mumitemo yeAmerica pamvumo yekuziva mune zvekurapa.
Kubva muna 1946 kusvika muna 1948, hurumende yeUnited States, mutungamiri weGuatemala, Juan José Arévalo, nemamwe matunhu ezvehutano kuGuatemala vakabatana mukuyedza kwevanhu kuedza kuziva vagari vemuGuatemala. Vanachiremba vakatapura nemaune masoja, pfambi, vasungwa, nevarwere vepfungwa vane syphilis nezvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde mukuyedza kutsvaga kwavo kusarapwa kufambira mberi. Ichirapwa chete nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kuyedza kwakakonzera kufa kwevakanyorwa makumi matatu. Muna 30, United States yakumbira ruregerero kuGuatemala nekuda kwekuita kwavo kuyedza.
Aya akange ari mamwe eakavhiringidza uye asina hunhu masayendisiti ongororo yakamboitwa munhoroondo yevanhu yatakawana kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzinovimbwa. Nekudaro, kune zvimwe zvinokatyamadza zvinhu zvesainzi zvakaitika panguva yekuparadzwa kwenhoroondo yenyika asi zvese hazvina kunyorwa. Isu tinowanzo tarisa kumasayendisiti nekutya, asi muzita rekufambira mberi, idzi dzakaipa sainzi kuyedza uye nzira dzavo dzisina hunhu zvinotimanikidza kuti tizive hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, mune hupenyu hwakawanda hwakabairwa zvisingaite. Uye chikamu chinosuruvarisa ndechekuti neimwe nzira ichiri kuitika kumwe kunhu. Ndinovimba rimwe zuva isu vanhu tichazotenda musainzi yesainzi kuti ibatsire vanhu nemhuka, nekurarama pasina hutsinye.
