Plato akataura nyaya yeAtlantis kuma 360 BC. Vakavamba Atlantis, akadaro, vaive hafu mwari uye hafu munhu. Vakagadzira hupfumi hwenyika uye vakave simba guru remauto. Atlanteans vaive vakapenya mainjiniya. Makore angangoita gumi nemaviri akapfuura vakavaka dzimba dzehumambo, matembere, zviteshi zvengarava, uye dhongi remvura rakaomarara kwazvo.
Varimi vairima chikafu pamunda mudiki uye kuseri kwemunda, uko makomo aisangana nedenga ndiko kwaive nedzimba dzeAtlanteans. Plato akange arondedzera matsime makuru ezvivakwa nemvura inopisa uye inotonhora inoyerera, madziro akafukidzwa nesimbi dzinokosha nezvifananidzo zvakagadzirwa negoridhe. Nhasi, Atlantis inowanzo rondedzerwa sepseudo-nhoroondo kana ngano, asi ichokwadi here?
Kwakatangira Iyo Atlantis 'Nyaya
Mune maviri emabasa makuru aPlato, iyo Timaeus neCritias, Plato anotsanangura budiriro yeAtene muhurukuro pakati vatsoropodzi, Socrates, Timaeusi uye Hermocrates. Plato's Critias anorondedzera nyaya yehukuru hwechitsuwa humambo Atlantis uye kuyedza kwayo kukunda Atene, iyo yakakundikana nekuda kwenzanga yakarairwa yevaAtene.
Critias ndiyo yechipiri yeakafungidzirwa trilogy yemataurirwo, akatungamirwa naTimaeus uye achiteverwa naHermocrates. Iyo yekupedzisira inogona kunge isina kumbonyorwa uye Critias (Dialogue) yakasara isina kukwana.
Iye murume uyo anofungidzirwa kutanga akaunza nyaya yaAtlantis kubva kuEjipitori kuenda kuGirisi aive Solon, gweta rine mukurumbira aigara kuGreece pakati pe630 na560 BC. Sekureva kwaPlato, Solon akataura nyaya kuna sekuru vevaCritias vaioneka munhaurirano iyi, Dropides, uyo akabva azviudza kumwanakomana wake, uyo ainziwo Critias nasekuru vemaCritias munhaurirano. Mukuru Critias akabva ataura nyaya iyi kumuzukuru wake aine makore makumi mapfumbamwe uye mudiki Critias aive gumi.
Guta Rakarasika reAtlantis
Sekureva kwaCritias, Atlantis raive guta hombe reAtene, iro, neruoko rwevanhu, rakasangana nekuparadzwa kwakaipisisa munenge makore mazana matanhatu nemazana matanhatu BC, pamberi paPlato nemakore 9,600 9,000. Nekudzidzisa kwasekuru vake, Critias akarondedzera nyaya yeAthens Civilization.
Critias akataura kuti sekuru vake-sekuru Solon aive mufambi wechiGreek uye munyori wenhoroondo kubva kuEjipitori, uyo aigara nekudyidzana nevapirisita vakuru vekuEjipitori. Zvakarekodhwa kubva kuna Solon zvakazopihwa Plato naCritias. Nekuti mabasa aPlato anoonekwa sechokwadi, vazhinji vanotenda zvakasimba kuti Atlantis aivapo zvechokwadi.
Sekureva kwaCritias, munguva dzekare, Pasi rakakamurwa pakati pevamwari nemugove. Vamwari vaibata vanhu kumatunhu avo sekufudza kunoita vafudzi makwai, vachiafudza nekuvatungamira senge nherera nezvinhu. Izvi havana kuzviita nekumanikidza, asi nekunyengetedza. Mumazuva iwayo, nzvimbo idzo dzave zviwi zveGirisi yaive makomo marefu akafukidzwa nevhu rakanaka.
Zvino rimwe zuva, mafashama epasi rose e Deucalion akauya akarova nyika. Mafashama panguva yaDeucalion akakonzerwa nehasha dzaZeus, dzakapisirwa nehurombo hwevaPelasgi. Saka Zeus akafunga kupedzisa Bronze Age. Sekureva kwenyaya iyi, Lycaon, mambo weArcadia, akabaira mukomana kuna Zeus, uyo akashamiswa nechipo ichi chinotyisa.
Zeus akaburitsa mafashama, zvekuti nzizi dzakayerera murukova uye gungwa rakazadza bani remahombekombe, rikafukidza makomo nemumvura, ndokugeza zvese zvakachena. Uye nekuda kwekuti hapana ivhu rakashambidzwa kubva mumakomo kutsiva ivhu rakarasika, ivhu riri munyika iyoyo rakabviswa, zvichikonzera nzvimbo zhinji kunyura kubva pakuonekwa, uye zvitsuwa zvakasara kuva "mapfupa emutumbi. ”
Atene, mumazuva iwayo, yakanga yakasiyana zvikuru. Nyika yaive yakapfuma uye mvura yakaunzwa ichibva kubva kuzvitubu zvepasi, izvo zvakazoparadzwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika. Anotsanangura budiriro yeAtene panguva iyoyo seyakanaka: kuteedzera kunaka kwese, kurarama zvine mwero, uye kugona basa ravo.
Iye anoenderera mberi kurondedzera kwakatangira Atlantis. Akataura kuti Atlantis yakapihwa Poseidon. Poseidon akadanana nemusikana anofa anonzi Cleito - mwanasikana waWoror naLeucippe - uye akamuberekera vana vanoverengeka, wekutanga ainzi Atlas, uyo akagara nhaka yeumambo akahuisa kumatangwe ake kwezvizvarwa zvakawanda.
Critias inozoenda mune yakadzama ruzivo mukutsanangura chitsuwa cheAtlantis uye Tembere kuna Poseidon naCleito pachitsuwa ichi, uye inoreva kune inozivikanwa simbi orichalcum. Yaive yakakosha yero simbi inozivikanwa kune vekare maGreek nemaRoma. Simbi yemungano inonzi yaikosha kudarika goridhe.
Chii Chakaita Kuti Atlantis Iwedzere Kufadza Kuburikidza Nevanhu?
Zvinoenderana nezvinyorwa zvekare zvaPlato, Atlantis yaive yakarongeka, yakakura nyika yehondo iyo pakupera kwenzvimbo yayo, yakasangana nenjodzi huru, yechisikigo panguva dzekuronga kwekurwiswa kweEjipitori.
Zvekurima, nyika yeAtene yaive yakadzidziswa uye ichikwanisa kugadzira mishonga yemakwenzi kubva kumiti. Hunyanzvi hwavo hwekudiridza hwaive hwemberi, sezvo vakavaka migero yakawanda yekudiridza mapani nemapurazi. Nekuda kwehungwaru hwavo hwepamusoro, matura uye zvivakwa zvakaita seMetropolis zvakavakwa, michina inogadzirwa nemagetsi uye mabhiriji akavakwa, zvidimbu zvekunyora nemitemo zvakanyorwa; uye kazhinji, zvinhu zvavo zvaifukidzwa nendarira, mhangura kana goridhe.
Kubva pane monarchy uye systemized kirasi, iyo Atlantis budiriro zvakare yakabata yakakosha chinzvimbo chevakadzi. Nhoroondo inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo hurusa pamarudzi ose, Atlantis akatonga nyika dzese dzakakomberedza nemitemo yavo.
Kunze kwekuve budiriro yepamberi, Atlantis yaive kondinendi yakakura, maererano naPlato. Nezviyero zveCritias, Atlantis ingadai yakave ingangoita makiromita zviuru mazana masere nemazana masere muhukuru - ichi chakakura kupfuura zvimwe, mabheseni makuru emumakungwa. Critias nhoroondo dzekuti vapirisita vemuIjipita vakataura nezveAtlantis iri pamusoro pePillars dzeHercules - iyo Strait yeGibraltar. Apa ndipo panopindirana Nyanza yeAtlantic neGungwa reMediterranean.
Nhasi, humwe humbowo hwakapihwa hunoratidza pasi pemvura madziro nemigwagwa, uye seti yezvitsuwa zvakafanana nechimiro cheAtlantis muCaribbean Sea. Imwe dzidziso inogona ndeyekuti Atlantis inogona kuzorora paMid-Atlantic Ridge, inogona kunge iri pasi pevhu pegomo. Nepo vamwe vaongorori vachitenda kuti Atlantis inogona kunge iri muAzores, Crete kana Canary Islands.
Nehurombo, sekureva kwevafundisi veEjipitori, Atlantis aigara achirohwa neyakaipisisa kudengenyeka kwenyika nemafashama kusvika rimwe zuva apo kondinendi yese yakanyura pasi pegungwa ndokunyangarika. Ivo zvakare vakanongedzerwa vachiti iyo Atlantis yakanyangarika, ikava nzvimbo mugungwa yakanga isingafambike uye isinga zivikanwe. Pfungwa yekuseri kwekunyura kweAtlantis yaive yekuti vanhu vanga vaita huwori, zvekuti nemaoko avo, vakagadzira kufa kwavo.
mhedziso
Mukupedzisira, Atlantis anounza mundangariro nyaya dzebhaibheri dzeSodhoma naNowa. Iyo zvakare inopindirana nekushanduka kwekondinendi mukati memazera enhoroondo yepasi, asi Atlantis angave akave ariko zvechokwadi here? Humbowo, hungave hwemamiriro ezvinhu kana hwehungwaru mabhuku, chokwadi chinosara chekuti Plato aingonyora chokwadi chechokwadi. Izvi zvichitaurwa, ndeapi meseji aive achiyedza kuendeswa kuna Plato kune ramangwana revanhu?
Kupedzisa chinyorwa ichi, tichiyeuka chitaurwa kubva kuCritias, kubva mumabhuku aPlato, “Kwakave, uye kuchavezve, nekuparadza kwakawanda kwevanhu kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakawanda; makurusa akaunzwa nemasangano emoto nemvura, uye mamwe madiki nezvimwe zvikonzero zvisingaverengeke. ”
