Zamanin Viking wani lokaci ne na tarihi da ke lullube da asiri da almara, tare da yawancin abin da muka sani game da shi yana dogara ne akan kayan tarihi da aka gano tsawon shekaru. Kwanan nan, wani bincike na radar mai shiga ƙasa na wani tudun binnewa a Norway ya bayyana wani abu mai ban mamaki: ragowar jirgin ruwa.
Masu binciken kayan tarihi sun gano wani katafaren jirgin ruwan Viking mai tsawon mita 20 a lokacin da ake tono matsugunin kabari na Salhushaugen a Karmøy a yammacin Norway. Da farko, an yi imanin tudun ba komai bane, amma wannan binciken da aka gano ya canza komai. Wannan gano mai ban sha'awa yana ba da sabon haske game da binne Viking da imaninsu a ƙarshen rayuwa.
Masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi Haakon Shetelig ne ya fara binciken tudun tudun sama da shekaru dari da suka gabata, duk da haka, binciken da aka yi a lokacin bai nuna wata shaida da ke nuna cewa an binne wani jirgi a wurin ba. A baya Shetelig ya tono wani kabari mai arziki na jirgin Viking kusa da wurin, inda aka samu Grønhaugskipet, haka kuma ya tono shahararren jirgin Oseberg - jirgin Viking mafi girma a duniya kuma mafi kyawun kiyayewa - a cikin 1904. A Salshaugen ya sami spades na katako guda 15 kawai. wasu kibiyoyi.
A cewar masanin kayan tarihi Håkon Reiersen na Jami'ar Stavanger's Museum of Archaeology, Haakon Shetelig ya ji takaici matuka cewa ba a kara bincike kan tudun ba. Sai dai kuma, Shetelig bai yi zurfi sosai ba.
Kusan shekara guda kafin, a cikin watan Yuni na 2022, masu binciken kayan tarihi sun yanke shawarar bincika yankin ta amfani da radar mai shiga ƙasa wanda aka fi sani da georadar - na'urar da ke amfani da igiyoyin rediyo don zana abin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Sai ga kuma ga - akwai siffar jirgin Viking.
Masu binciken kayan tarihi sun zaɓi su kasance a asirce har sai sun kammala hakowa da bincike kuma sun sami ƙarin tabbaci game da binciken nasu. “Alamomin georadar sun nuna a sarari siffar jirgin mai tsayin mita 20. Yana da faɗi sosai kuma yana tunawa da jirgin Oseberg, "in ji Reiersen.
Jirgin ruwan Oseberg yana auna kusan mita 22 a tsayi kuma sama da mita 5 a fadinsa. Bugu da ƙari, alamun da ke kama da jirgin suna a tsaye a tsakiyar tudun, daidai inda aka ajiye jirgin jana'izar. Wannan yana nuna ƙarfi cewa wannan, hakika, jirgin binnewa ne.
Jirgin yana da kama da wani jirgin Viking mai suna Storhaug ship, wanda aka gano a Karmøy a 1886. Wannan binciken yana da alaƙa da wasu binciken da aka samu daga tono.
“Shetelig ya sami wani katon dutse mai da’ira a Salhushaugen, wanda wataƙila wani irin bagadi ne da ake yin hadaya. An kuma sami wani katako mai kama da haka a cikin tudun Storhaug, kuma wannan ya danganta sabon jirgin da jirgin Storhaug cikin lokaci, "in ji Reiersen.
Godiya ga wannan gagarumin binciken, Karmøy, wanda ya kasance cibiyar tarihi na iko sama da shekaru 3000 a gabar tekun Norway na kudu maso yammacin kasar, yanzu na iya yin alfahari da mallakar jiragen ruwa na Viking guda uku.
Jirgin Storhaug yana da kwanan wata zuwa 770 AD - kuma an yi amfani da shi don binne jirgin ruwa shekaru goma bayan haka. Jirgin Grønhaug yana da kwanan wata zuwa 780 AD - kuma an binne shi shekaru 15 bayan haka. Bugu da kari na baya-bayan nan, jirgin Salhushaug har yanzu ba a tabbatar da kwanan wata ba, amma masu binciken kayan tarihi sun dauka cewa shi ma wannan jirgin ya fito ne daga karshen 700s.
Masanan ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi suna shirin yin tono mai tabbatarwa, don bincika yanayin da kuma ƙila samun ƙayyadaddun ƙawance. “Abin da muka gani zuwa yanzu shi ne siffar jirgin kawai. Lokacin da muka buɗe, za mu iya gano cewa ba a adana da yawa daga cikin jirgin kuma abin da ya saura tambari ne kawai, "in ji Reiersen.
A zamanin da, tun kafin hako Shetelig, tudun Salhushaug yana da kewayen kusan mita 50 da tsayin tsayin mita 5-6. Ko da yake yawancinsa ya ragu a kan lokaci, ragowar tudun ruwa ya rage kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi ɗaukar nauyin tudun. Reiersen ya yanke shawarar cewa har yanzu tudu na dauke da kayan tarihi da ba a gano ba.
A cewar Reiersen, kasancewar kaburburan jirgin Viking guda uku a Karmøy ya nuna cewa wurin zama na sarakunan Viking na farko ne. An gano binnen Oseberg da Gokstad, wadanda shahararrun wuraren jirgin ruwa na Viking, an gano su kusan karni daya da suka gabata kuma an yi kwanan wata kusan 834 da 900, bi da bi.
Reiersen ya bayyana cewa babu wani taro na tudun jana'izar jirgin da ya zarce girman wannan rukunin taurarin. Wannan ƙayyadaddun wuri shine tsakiyar cibiyar ci gaban canji a farkon zamanin Viking. Reiersen ya bayyana cewa al'adar kaburburan jiragen ruwa na Scandinavia an fara kafa su a nan, kuma daga baya ya yadu zuwa wasu yankuna a kasar.
Sarakunan yankin da suka yi mulki a wannan yanki suna kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa a gabar tekun yamma. An tilasta wa jiragen ruwa tafiya ta kunkuntar mashigar Karmsund tare da abin da ake kira Nordvegen - hanyar zuwa arewa. Wanda kuma shine asalin sunan kasar, Norway.
Sarakunan da aka binne a cikin jiragen ruwa Viking guda uku na Karmøy sun kasance gungu mai ƙarfi, a wani yanki na Norway inda iko ya tsaya tsayin daka na dubban shekaru. Ƙauyen Avaldsnes a cikin Karmøy gida ne ga Sarkin Viking Harald Fairhair, wanda aka ba shi da haɗin kai a Norway a cikin shekara ta 900.
"Tsarin Storhaug shine kawai kabari na Viking Age daga Norway inda muka sami zoben hannu na zinari. Ba wai kowa ne aka binne a nan ba,” in ji Reiersen.
