Nimrud Lens: Shin Assuriyawa sun ƙirƙira na'urorin hangen nesa shekaru 3,000 da suka wuce?

A cewar wasu masana, mutanen zamanin da na Assuriya sun ƙera wani nau'in ruwan tabarau na musamman don mai da hankali ga haske daga abubuwa masu nisa.

Na'urar hangen nesa, a ma'anar kalmar zamani, an fara ƙirƙira tare da amfani da su don dalilai na ilmin taurari daga shahararren masanin lissafi da falaki dan ƙasar Holland, Galelio. Ba wai kawai ya ƙirƙira na'urar hangen nesa ba, amma kuma shine farkon wanda ya fara amfani da shi a ilimin taurari. Kuma ko da yake wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa wasu mutane na iya ƙirƙira na'urorin hangen nesa a baya, mun san babu wata shaida a kan hakan. Amma gaskiya ne?

Nimrud Lens
The Nimrud lens wani yanki ne na dutsen lu'ulu'u mai shekaru 3,000 wanda Sir John Layard ya hako a shekara ta 1850 a fadar Assuriya ta Ni.mrud, a Iraki ta zamani. © Wikimedia Commons

Wataƙila an ƙirƙira da kuma amfani da na’urar hangen nesa a cikin al’adun gargajiya da yawa tun kafin Galileo, amma ba a yi amfani da su sosai ba. Lens na Layard, wanda kuma aka sani da Nimrud lens - wani dutsen dutse mai shekaru 3000 da aka gano a fadar Assuriya ta Nimrud a Iraki - zai iya zama cikakkiyar hujja akan hakan.

Ruwan tabarau na Nimrud yana da ɗan kwali kuma tabbas an kasa ƙasa akan ƙafar lapidary. Tsawon tsayinsa yana da kusan santimita 12 kuma wurin mai da hankali ya kai kusan santimita 11 (4.5 in) daga gefen lebur, daidai da gilashin ƙara girman 3X.

Nimrud Lens
Oval rock-crystal inlay: ƙasa da goge, tare da jirgin sama ɗaya da fuska ɗaya mai madaidaici. An ɗauke shi azaman ruwan tabarau na gani amma da bai yi ɗan amfani ko kaɗan ba. © Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya

Wataƙila Assuriyawa sun yi amfani da shi azaman gilashin ƙara girma, gilashin ƙonawa don kunna wuta ta wurin mai da hankali ga hasken rana, ko kuma a cikin kayan ado. An halicci cavities goma sha biyu a saman ruwan tabarau yayin niƙa, kuma da sun ƙunshi wani ruwa mai kama, mai yuwuwa naptha ko wani ruwa da ke cikin ɗanyen crystal.

Ko da yake wasu masana kimiyya sun gaskata cewa Assuriyawa na dā sun yi amfani da nimrud Lens a matsayin wani ɓangare na na'urar hangen nesa, don bayyana ƙayyadaddun iliminsu na ilimin taurari, yawancin sauran masana kimiyya suna jayayya cewa ingancin ruwan tabarau bai dace da isa don kallon taurari masu nisa ba.

Imani da nimrud ruwan tabarau wani ruwan tabarau na telescopic ya taso daga gaskiyar cewa Assuriyawa na da sun ga Saturn a matsayin allahn da ke kewaye da zoben macizai, fassarar su na zoben Saturn kamar yadda aka gani ta hanyar na'urar hangen nesa mara inganci.

A cikin 1980, ƙungiyar masu binciken kayan tarihi daga Jami'ar Chicago sun gano Nimrud ruwan tabarau yayin tona fadar Nimrud, tsohon birni ne na Assuriya a Iraki. Sun gano ruwan tabarau da aka binne a cikin wasu fayayyun gilashi masu kama da kamannin enamel daga wani abu da ya tarwatse, mai yiwuwa itace ko hauren giwa.

Ana nuna na'urar hangen nesa a cikin Case na 9 na Gidan Gallery na Ƙarshen Mesopotamiya a cikin ɗaki na 55 na Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya. NimruKasancewar ruwan tabarau ya tabbatar da abu ɗaya: Galileo bai ƙirƙira na'urar hangen nesa ta farko ba.

An gano ruwan tabarau na biyu, mai yiwuwa tun ƙarni na biyar BC, a cikin wani kogo mai tsarki a Dutsen Ida a Crete. Ya kasance mafi inganci kuma ya fi ƙarfin Nimrud ruwan tabarau.

Dutsen Vesuvius ya binne Pompeii, wani tsohon birni kusa da Naples, Italiya, bayan fashewar Dutsen Vesuvius a AD 79. Pliny da Seneca, tsoffin marubutan Romawa, sun kwatanta ruwan tabarau da wani mai sassaƙa a Pompeii ya yi amfani da shi. Don a ce, za ka iya samun alamu da shaidu da dama da ke nuna cewa, an ƙirƙira na'urorin hangen nesa kuma an yi amfani da su a cikin tsoffin wayewa da yawa tun kafin Galelio.

Daular Farisa ta mamaye Assuriyawa a karni na 6 BC, bayan haka suka rungumi al'adu da ayyukan Farisa. An yi imanin mutanen Assuriyawa sun kasance farkon waɗanda suka fara nazarin ilimin taurari a tsari tun farkon ƙarni na 7 BC. Sun yi amfani da iliminsu na ilimin lissafi, lissafi, da falaki - haɗe da sha'awar kallo - don gina ɗayan mafi girman wayewar da aka taɓa wanzuwa.

Saboda haka, kayan aikin kamar Nimrud lens na d ¯ a Assuriyawa za su iya amfani da su don kallon taurari da yin rikodin bayanai game da su - misali na farko na abin da za a iya ɗauka a matsayin kimiyya maimakon camfi ko sihiri kawai.

Kamar yadda wasu masana suka ce, mutanen Assuriya na dā sun ƙirƙiro wani nau'in ruwan tabarau na musamman don mai da hankali ga haske daga abubuwa masu nisa don ya bayyana girman isa ya gani sosai. Sakamakon ya kasance na'urar gani da aka sani da "astronomical double inabi stalk" ko kuma kamar yadda muka sani a yau: na'urar hangen nesa ta farko a duniya.