Tsohuwar al'umma ta bunƙasa a kusa da tattalin arziƙin gona wanda ya ƙunshi masara, squash, yucca, da sauran albarkatun gona kimanin shekaru 2,000 da suka gabata a yankin bakin teku na Peru wanda ke samun ruwan sama da milimita 4 a shekara. Gadonsu, wanda aka fi sani da Nazca, shine sananne ga duniya a yau ta hanyar Nazca Lines, tsoffin geoglyphs a cikin hamada waɗanda ke kan layi daga layi mai sauƙi zuwa hotunan birai, kifi, ƙadangare, da sauran adadi masu ban sha'awa.
Yayin da ka'idar da aka yarda da ita ita ce mai yiwuwa an gina layukan ne saboda dalilai na addini, ƙaƙƙarfan gine -ginen Nazcas na hanyoyin ruwa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa shine muhimmin ikon da ya ci gaba da ɗaukacin al'ummarsu. Tsarin ya shiga cikin madatsun ruwa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa da ke ƙarƙashin gindin duwatsun Nazca, yana kwarara ruwan zuwa cikin teku ta hanyar jerin ramuka na kwance. Akwai da yawa, idan ba ɗaruruwa ba, na rijiyoyin siffa mai karkace da aka sani da puquios, suna ɗora saman saman waɗannan hanyoyin ruwa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Daga 1000 BC har zuwa 750 AD, mutanen Nazca ke mulkin yankin. Asalin samar da magudanan ruwa ya kasance abin ɓoyayyiya shekaru da yawa, amma a cewar wata kasida da Rosa Lasaponara ta Cibiyar hoauka don Nazarin Muhalli a Italiya, ƙungiyarsu ta warware sirrin.
Masana kimiyyar sun yi amfani da hoton tauraron dan adam don a ƙarshe gano puquios a matsayin 'hadaddun tsarin hydraulic wanda aka gina don ɗebo ruwa daga ƙarƙashin ruwa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa'. Rosa Lasaponara ta yi imanin cewa abin da ta gano ya yi bayanin yadda mutanen Nazca na asali suka sami damar kasancewa a cikin yanayin ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, ba wai kawai sun tsira ba, har ma sun haɓaka aikin gona.
Tsibirin yana cikin yanki ɗaya kamar sanannun layin Nazca kuma an yi jayayya da mahimmancin waɗannan tsoffin ramukan. Wasu masana tarihi da masu binciken kayan tarihi sun yi hasashen cewa suna cikin tsarin ingantaccen ban ruwa. Wasu sun yi hasashen cewa waɗannan kaburburan bukukuwa ne.
Masana da yawa sun ruɗe kan yadda mazaunan Nazca suka sami damar bunƙasa a cikin yanayin da fari zai iya ci gaba na tsawon shekaru a lokaci guda.
Lasaponara da tawagarta sun sami damar fahimtar yadda aka tarwatsa puquios a yankin Nazca, da kuma inda suka gudu dangane da ƙauyukan da ke kusa - waɗanda suka fi sauƙi har zuwa yau - ta amfani da ɗaukar tauraron dan adam.
"Abin da ke bayyane yanzu shine cewa tsarin puquio yakamata ya zama mafi inganci fiye da yadda ake gani a yau," Lasaponara ya kara da cewa. "Ta hanyar amfani da ruwa mara iyaka a cikin shekara, tsarin puquio ya taimaka wajen faɗaɗa aikin gona a cikin ɗayan yankuna mafi bushe a duniya."
Asalin puquios ya kasance abin mamaki ga masana tunda ba za a iya amfani da madaidaicin hanyoyin yin amfani da carbon akan ramuka ba. Hakanan Nazca ba ta bar wata alama game da inda suka fito ba. Tare da abin ban mamaki na Maya, su, kamar sauran al'adun Kudancin Amurka, ba su da tsarin rubutu.
"Halittar puquios ya wajabta aikace -aikacen fasaha mai ci gaba sosai," Lasaponara yayi bayani. Ba wai kawai masu gine -ginen puquios sun buƙaci cikakken fahimtar yanayin yankin da sauye -sauyen yanayi na samuwar ruwa ba, amma kula da hanyoyin ruwa matsala ce ta fasaha saboda rarraba su akan kurakuran tectonic.
"Abin ban mamaki da gaske shine babban adadin aiki, tsarawa, da haɗin gwiwar da ake buƙata don ƙirƙirar su da ci gaba da gudana," Lasaponara ya ce.
Wannan yana nufin wadataccen ruwa mai ɗorewa ga tsararraki a yankin da ke ɗaya daga cikin mafi bushewa a duniya. Don faɗi, babban aikin haɓakar haɓakar ruwa a yankin Nazca ya sa ruwa ya kasance a duk shekara, ba don aikin gona da ban ruwa kawai ba, har ma don bukatun gida.
An bincika yankin yankin Nazca shekaru da yawa, amma har yanzu yana da abubuwan mamaki da yawa. Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, David Jonson, tsohon malami, mai ɗaukar hoto, kuma mai bincike mai zaman kansa daga Poughkeepsie, New York, ya ba da shawarar nasa ra'ayin game da Nazca geoglyphs. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa samfuran suna aiki azaman taswira kuma suna nuni ga kwararar ruwa ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ke ciyar da tsarin puquios.
Ya yi karatun shahararriyar bargon layin Nazca, wanda ya kai kusan mil mil 280, tun farkon 1990s (725.2 sq. Km). Jonson ya shafe makwanni da yawa a yankin da ke gabar tekun Peru yana binciken layukan, waɗanda ake ɗauka ɗayan manyan asirin duniya.
The "Ruwa mai ban mamaki na Peru," a cewar mai binciken, tabbas an ƙaddara su zama babban kwatancen fasahar fasaha da ƙwarewar tsoffin mutane da aka yi jigilar su zuwa Kudancin Amurka daga Yankin Bahar Rum. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa "wani lokaci bayan isowa, baƙi sun yi, wataƙila saboda larura, sun gina tsarin tattara ruwa da tace ruwa mai sauƙi, mai rahusa.
