A shekara ta 1953, za a share wani yanki kusa da cocin Borgund a gabar tekun yammacin Norway, kuma an gano tarkace da yawa yayin aikin. Abin farin ciki, wasu mutane sun sami damar gano "tarkace" don ainihin abin da yake - abubuwa daga tsakiyar zamanai na Norwegian.
An gudanar da tonon sililin a bazara mai zuwa. Masu binciken kayan tarihi sun tono kayan tarihi masu yawa. Yawancin su an saka su a cikin rumbun adana kayan tarihi. Bayan haka, ba fiye da ya faru ba.
Yanzu, bayan wasu shekaru 45,000 da suka wuce, ƙwararru sun fara aikin nazarin abubuwa XNUMX da aka ajiye a ajiye domin samun fahimtar garin Norway mai shekaru dubu da rashin sanin tarihi.
An ambaci Medieval Borgund a cikin ƴan rubutun rubuce-rubuce, inda ake magana da shi ɗaya daga cikin "kananan garuruwa" (smaa kapstader) in Norway.
Farfesa Gitte Hansen, masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Jami'ar Bergen, kwanan nan ya yi hira da shi Kimiyya Norway inda ta tattauna abin da masu bincike suka gano game da Borgund ya zuwa yanzu.
Masanin ilimin kimiya na kasar Danish Gitte Hansen ya yi cikakken bayani cewa ginin Borgund ya fi yiwuwa a wani lokaci a lokacin Viking Age.
"Labarin Borgund ya fara wani lokaci a cikin 900s ko 1000s. Saurin ci gaba cikin 'yan shekaru ɗari kuma wannan shine birni mafi girma a bakin tekun Norway tsakanin Trondheim da Bergen. Ayyuka a Borgund na iya kasancewa mafi girman sa a cikin karni na 13. A cikin 1349, Mutuwar Baƙar fata ta zo Norway. Sai yanayin ya kara yin sanyi. A ƙarshen karni na 14, garin Borgund sannu a hankali ya ɓace daga tarihi. A karshe dai ta bace gaba daya aka manta da ita.” – Science Norway rahoton.
A halin yanzu Farfesa Hansen yana binciken kayan tarihi tare da haɗin gwiwar masu bincike daga Jamus, Finland, Iceland, da Amurka. A baya aikin ya sami tallafin kuɗi daga Hukumar Bincike ta Norway da kuma gudummawa daga wasu cibiyoyin bincike da yawa a Norway.
Masu bincike da suka kware a fannoni daban-daban, kamar su masaku da tsohon harshen Norse, an tara su wuri guda don kafa tawaga. Masana kimiyya suna iya samun ilimi game da tufafin da ake sawa a lokacin Viking Age ta hanyar nazarin masakun da aka gano a Borgund.
Takalmi, guntuwar tufa, slag (samfurin narka ma'adanai da karafa da aka yi amfani da su), da tukwane na daga cikin kayan tarihi masu tsada da kungiyar binciken kayan tarihi karkashin jagorancin Asbjørn Herteig ta gano a lokacin tonowar kauyen Viking na Borgund da aka dade ba a yi ba.
A cewar Farfesa Hansen, waɗannan kayan tarihi na iya ba da labari mai yawa game da yadda Vikings ke rayuwa a yau da kullun. Muhimman adadin kayan tarihi na Viking har yanzu ana kiyaye su sosai kuma ana iya bincika su dalla-dalla. Gidan bene na iya ƙunsar kusan guda 250 na tufafi daban-daban da sauran kayan masaku.
Tufafin Borgund daga zamanin Viking na iya zama da yawa kamar yadi takwas. Farfesa Hansen ya bayyana.
Bisa lafazin Kimiyya Norway, a cikin ragowar Borgund a cikin ginshiki a karkashin gidan kayan gargajiya a Bergen, masu bincike yanzu suna gano yumbu daga kusan dukkanin Turai. "Muna ganin yawancin kayan abinci na Ingilishi, Jamusanci da Faransanci," Hansen ya ce.
Wataƙila mutanen da suka zauna a Borgund sun kasance a Lübeck, Paris, da London. Daga nan ƙila sun dawo da fasaha, kiɗa, da ƙila za su yi wa kayan ado. Garin Borgund tabbas ya kasance mafi arziki a ƙarni na 13.
"Tukwannin tukwane da kayan tebur da aka yi da yumbu da dutsen sabulu daga Borgund sune abubuwan da aka gano masu ban sha'awa cewa muna da ɗan'uwan bincike a cikin aiwatar da ƙwarewa kawai a cikin wannan." Hansen ya ce. "Muna fatan koyan wani abu game da dabi'un cin abinci da la'adun cin abinci a nan wajen Turai ta hanyar duba yadda mutane ke yin abinci da abin sha."
Nazarin kayan tarihi na Borgund ya riga ya haifar da sakamako kuma Farfesa Hanse ya ce "Akwai alamu da yawa da ke nuna cewa mutane a nan sun yi hulɗa kai tsaye ko kai tsaye da mutane a manyan sassan Turai."
Bugu da ƙari, masu bincike sun sami shaidar cewa mazauna ƙauyen Viking na Borgund sun ji daɗin cin kifi. Ga mutanen Borgund, kamun kifi yana da mahimmanci.
Har yanzu ba a sani ba, ko sun yi jigilar kifi zuwa ƙungiyar Hanseatic ta Jamus a Bergen ko kuma sun yi musayar kifi da sauran yankuna na Norway da Turai.
Masana kimiyya sun samo “kayan kamun kifi da yawa. Wannan yana nuna cewa mutanen Borgund da kansu sun yi kamun kifi da yawa. Kifin kamun kifi mai wadata a cikin Borgundfjord na iya zama da mahimmanci a gare su. Hansen ya ce.
Za mu iya ɗauka daga ragowar aikin ƙarfe cewa garin da aka manta a Yammacin Norway yana da tushe mai ƙarfi. Wataƙila maƙera sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan garin?
Kuma me yasa ainihin Asbjørn Herteig da abokansa suka gano adadi mai yawa na kayan sharar gida daga masu yin takalma? Har zuwa 340 takalma takalma na iya ba da bayani game da salon takalma da kuma nau'in fata da aka fi so da aka yi amfani da su don takalma a duk lokacin Viking Age.
Iliminmu na Borgund daga rubuce-rubucen marubutan tarihi yana da iyaka. Saboda haka, rawar da masu binciken kayan tarihi da sauran masu bincike suka taka a cikin wannan takamaiman aikin yana da mahimmanci.
Akwai, duk da haka, wani muhimmin tushe na tarihi. Dokar sarauta ce daga 1384 wacce ta wajabta wa manoman Sunnmøre su sayi kayansu a kasuwar garin Borgund (kaupstaden Borgund).
"Wannan shine yadda muka san cewa ana daukar Borgund a matsayin gari a lokacin," Farfesa Hansen ya ce. "Hakanan ana iya fassara wannan odar a matsayin Borgund yana gwagwarmaya don ci gaba da tafiya a matsayin wurin ciniki a cikin shekaru bayan Mutuwar Baƙar fata a tsakiyar karni na 14." Sannan aka manta da garin.
