Xolotl - Dog Allah na tarihin Aztec wanda ke jagorantar matattu zuwa ga duniya

Xolotl wani allah ne wanda ke da alaƙa da Quetzalcoatl, ɗaya daga cikin fitattun alloli a cikin Aztec pantheon, bisa ga almara na Aztec. A zahiri, ana tunanin Xolotl ɗan'uwan tagwaye ne na Quetzalcoatl.

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Xolotl, kamar yadda aka buga a asali a cikin Codex Fejervary-Mayer, karni na 15, marubucin da ba a sani ba. Ƙari Wikimedia Commons

Ba kamar ɗan uwansa ba, Xolotl, yana da alaƙa da halaye marasa kyau, waɗanda za a iya gani a duka yanayin jikinsa da yadda ake wakiltarsa ​​a wani wuri. Duk abin da ya faru, Xolotl muhimmin adadi ne a cikin tarihin Aztec kuma yana faruwa a cikin labarai da yawa.

Wuta da Walƙiya. Karnuka da Nakasa

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Xolotl, wanda aka nuna a cikin kwarangwal. Mexico kafin 1521, Landesmuseum Württemberg (Stuttgart) Kunstkammer. Ƙari Wikimedia Commons

Aztecs sun bauta wa Xolotl a matsayin allahn walƙiya da wuta. An kuma haɗa shi da karnuka, tagwaye, nakasa, cuta, da bala'i. Ana iya lura da waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ta yadda ake wakiltar Xolotl da kuma labarun da ya bayyana a ciki. A cikin fasahar Aztec, alal misali, ana nuna wannan allah sau da yawa tare da kan kare.

Bugu da ƙari, kalmar 'xolotl' na iya nufin 'kare' a cikin Nahuatl, yaren Aztec. Ya kamata a lura cewa Aztecs sun ɗauki karnuka a matsayin dabba mara kyau. Sakamakon haka, dangantakar Xolotl da karnuka ba ta da kyau.

Allah Majiyyaci

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Zane na Xolotl, ɗaya daga cikin alloli da aka bayyana a cikin Codex Borgia, Pre-Columbian. Ƙari Wikimedia Commons

Ana iya lura da alaƙar Xolotl da rashin lafiya a cikin gaskiyar cewa an nuna shi yana da raunin jiki, kwarangwal, yayin da ƙafafunsa na baya da kwandon idon da ba komai suke nuna alaƙar sa da abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Akwai tatsuniya game da yadda Xolotl ya sami ramukan ido. Sauran alloli a cikin wannan tatsuniyoyin sun yarda su sadaukar da kansu don ƙirƙirar mutane. Xolotl ya tsallake wannan al'ada, wanda ya yi kuka sosai har idanunsa suka fito daga kwandonsu.

Matsayi a Labarin Halitta

Lokacin da alloli suka samar da Rana ta biyar a cikin labarin halitta irin wannan ga wanda aka lissafa a sakin layi na baya, sun gano cewa ba ta motsa ba. A sakamakon haka, sun yanke shawarar sadaukar da kansu don motsa Sun. Xolotl ya kasance mai zartar da hukunci, yana yanka alloli ɗaya bayan ɗaya. A wasu sigogin tatsuniya, Xolotl ya kashe kansa a ƙarshe, kamar yadda ya kamata.

A cikin wasu sigogi, Xolotl yana taka rawar ɗan dabaru, yana tserewa sadaukarwa ta farko canzawa zuwa matashin masara (xolotl), sannan zuwa agave (mexolotl), kuma ƙarshe zuwa salamander (axolotl). A ƙarshe duk da haka, Xolotl bai iya guduwa ba kuma allahn Ehecatl-Quetzalcoatl ya kashe shi.

Xolotl da Quetzacoatl

Xolotl - Allahn Kare na tarihin Aztec wanda ke jagorantar matattu zuwa ga duniya 1
Allahn Aztec da tagwayen Xolotl, Quetzalcoatl a Teotihuacan. Ix Pixabay

Kodayake Aztecs suna tunanin tagwaye su zama irin nakasa, tagwayen Xolotl, Quetzalcoatl, an girmama su a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan alloli. Xolotl da Quetzalcoatl suna faruwa tare a cikin tatsuniyoyi da yawa. Coatlicue (wanda ke nufin "siket na macizai"), tsohuwar allahiya ta ƙasa, an yi imanin ta haifi alloli biyu.

Dangane da wata sigar sananniyar tatsuniya game da asalin ɗan adam, Quetzalcoatl da tagwayen tafiyarsa zuwa Mictlan (Aztec underworld), don tattara ƙasusuwan matattu don a haifi mutane. Ya kamata a lura cewa Xolotl shi ma ke da alhakin kawo wuta daga lahira ga mutane.

Hakanan ana tsammanin Xolotl da Quetzalcoatl sune matakan tagwaye na Venus, tunda Aztecs sun yi imanin tsohon shine tauraron maraice kuma na ƙarshe shine tauraron safiya. Muhimmiyar rawa ta jagora da kiyaye Rana a cikin ha'incin ta na yaudara ta cikin ƙasar matattu ya faɗi ga Xolotl a matsayin tauraruwar maraice.

Wataƙila kuma saboda wannan aikin ne Aztec ɗin suka ɗauke shi a matsayin psychopomp, ko kuma wani mai rakiyar sabon mamaci akan tafiyarsu zuwa lahira.

Don taƙaitawa, Xolotl bai kasance ɗaya daga cikin alloli Aztec masu sa'a ba, saboda duk abubuwan banƙyama da aka danganta shi da su. Amma har yanzu yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tatsuniyoyin Aztec, yayin da yake jagorantar Rana a cikin tafiyarsa ta dare ta cikin lahira, kuma ya kuma jagoranci matattu zuwa wurin hutunsu na ƙarshe.