A shekara ta 1929, an gano taswirar da aka nade a kan ƙura mai ƙura a cikin ɗakin karatu a Fadar Topkapi a Constantinople (Istanbul ta yanzu), Turkiyya. Taswirar yanzu ta shahara da "Taswirar Piri Reis" wacce ta haifar da zazzafar muhawara a duniya.
Lokacin da aka gano, Taswirar Piri Reis ta jawo hankali kai tsaye saboda tana ɗaya daga cikin taswirar farko na Amurka, kuma taswirar karni na 16 ne kawai wanda ke nuna Kudancin Amurka a madaidaicin matsayinsa na tsawon lokaci dangane da Afirka.
An zana taswirar akan fatar gazal kuma Ahmed Muhiddin Piri, wanda aka fi sani da Piri Reis, wanda ya kasance babban kwamandan Daular Usmaniyya da Turkawa, matukin jirgin ruwa, mai binciken ƙasa da mai zanen hoto ya tattara shi a cikin 1513.
Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na taswirar da ke rayuwa tana nuna iyakar yammacin Turai, Arewacin Afirka, da gabar Brazil. An nuna tsibirai daban -daban na Atlantika, gami da Azores da Canary Islands, kamar yadda tsibirin almara na Antillia da wataƙila Japan.
Babban abin birgewa na Taswirar Piri Reis shine hoton Antarctica. Taswirar ba wai kawai tana nuna yawan ƙasa kusa da Antarctica na yanzu ba, amma tana nuna yanayin yanayin Antarctica kamar yadda kankara ba ta rufe shi ba kuma cikin cikakkun bayanai.
Amma bisa ga littattafan tarihi, farkon tabbatar da ganin Antarctica ya faru a cikin 1820 ta balaguron Mikhail Lazarev da Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. A gefe guda, an kiyasta cewa Antarctica an rufe kankara kusan shekaru 6000.
Yanzu mutane da yawa sun yi tambaya, ta yaya wani babban kwamandan Turkawa daga rabin karni da suka wuce zai tsara taswirar yanayin nahiyar da dubban shekaru suka rufe da kankara?
An buga rahotanni da ke da'awar cewa Daular Usmaniyya tana da masaniya game da wani salo na wayewar kankara. Koyaya, waɗannan iƙirarin galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ƙwararrun malanta, kuma ra'ayin masanin shine cewa yankin wani lokacin ana tunanin Antarctica yana iya yiwuwa Patagonia ko Terra Australis Incognita (Unknown Southern Land) da aka yarda da wanzu kafin Kudancin Kudancin ya cika bincika.
A kan taswirar, Piri Reis yana ba da darajar albarkatu ga taswirar da Christopher Columbus ya zana, wanda ba a taɓa gano shi ba. Masana ilmin kimiya na ƙasa sun shafe ƙarnuka da yawa ba tare da samun nasarar neman wani "Taswirar Columbus da ta ɓace" wanda aka zana yayin da yake cikin West Indies.
Bayan gano taswirar Piri Reis, an fara binciken da bai yi nasara ba don gano taswirar tushen Columbus. Muhimmancin tarihi na taswirar Piri Reis ya ta'allaka ne a cikin nuni na girman ilimin Fotigal na Sabuwar Duniya a cikin 1510. A halin yanzu taswirar Piri Reis tana cikin Laburaren Fadar Topkapi a Istanbul, Turkiya, amma ba a halin yanzu ake nunawa ba. ga jama'a.
Wasu taswirori marasa ma'ana
Kamar taswirar Piri Reis, akwai wani abu mara kyau, taswirar Oronteus Finaeus, wanda kuma ya rubuta taswirar Oronteus Fineus. Yayi daidai sosai, kuma shima yana nuna Antartica kyauta akan kankara ba tare da hular kankara ba. An zana ta a shekara ta 1532. Akwai kuma taswirori da ke nuna Greenland a matsayin tsibirai biyu da suka rabu, kamar yadda wani balaguron balaguro na ƙasar Faransa ya tabbatar da shi wanda ya gano cewa akwai ƙanƙara mai ƙanƙara da ke hade da tsibirin tsibirin biyu.
Wani ginshiƙi mai ban mamaki shi ne wanda Baturke Hadji Ahmed ya zana, a shekara ta 1559, inda ya nuna wani ratsin ƙasa mai nisan kilomita 1600, wanda ya haɗu da Alaska da Siberiya. Irin wannan gada ta dabi'a kuma an rufe shi da ruwa saboda ƙarshen lokacin glacial, wanda ya tashi matakin teku.
