Wani sabon bincike daga Jami'ar Cincinnati ya ba da shawarar cewa mazaunan tsohon garin Makal na Tikal da ke cikin dazuzzukan Guatemala sun yi amfani da ma'adanai don tsarkake ruwa a cikin tafkunansu. Wato, Mayan sun ƙirƙiri wannan tsarin tace ruwa kusan shekaru 2,000 kafin a yi amfani da irin wannan tsarin a Turai, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin tsarin sarrafa ruwa irinsa a duniya.
Tsarin tsofaffin tsarin kula da ruwa na Mayan
A yau, mutane da yawa suna amfani da matattara don cire ƙazanta daga ruwa. To, yanzu ƙungiyar bincike ta gano cewa a Tikal, Mayan sun riga sun yi amfani da tsarin tace ruwa don manufa ɗaya. Ƙungiyar masu bincike iri -iri Jami'ar Cincinnati, wanda ya kunshi masana kimiyyar ɗan adam, masanan ƙasa da masanan halittu, sun gano cewa tsoffin mazaunan garin Tikal mai ƙaƙƙarfan ikon Mayan (wanda kango mai ban sha'awa ya tashi a cikin gandun daji na Guatemala) ya gina matatun ruwa ta amfani da kayan da aka shigo da su daga wurare masu nisan mil. Masana ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun cimma wannan matsaya bayan da suka sami shaidar wani ingantaccen tsarin matattara na halitta a cikin madatsar ruwa ta Corriental, daya daga cikin tafkunan ruwan sha biyar a Tikal.
Matattara na halitta: Mayans 'tabbataccen kallo
Masu bincike sun gano ma'adini na crystalline da zeolite a Tikal, kodayake an samo ma'adinai na ƙarshe a cikin tafkin Corriental. Ma'adini da aka samo a cikin yashi mai ɗimbin yawa da zeolite, mahaɗin crystalline wanda ya ƙunshi silicon da aluminium, yana ƙirƙirar sieve na halitta. Don gano zeolite da ma'adini na crystalline a cikin gindin madatsar ruwa ta Corriental, masana kimiyya sun gudanar da binciken rarrabuwar X-ray (dabarar da aka yi amfani da ita don tantance tsarin atom a cikin crystal).
Bisa ƙa'ida, ire-iren waɗannan matattara na halitta za su cire ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa, mahadi masu wadataccen nitrogen, ƙarfe masu nauyi kamar mercury da sauran guba daga ruwa, a cewar Kenneth Barnett Tankersley, mataimakin farfesan ilimin ɗan adam a Jami'ar Cincinnati kuma jagoran marubucin binciken, wanda aka buga a mujallar Rahoton Kimiyya.
A cewar mai binciken, "Abin ban sha'awa shine cewa wannan tsarin zai ci gaba da tasiri a yau kuma Mayan sun gano shi sama da shekaru 2,000 da suka gabata. Sun ƙirƙiri wannan tsarin tace ruwa kusan shekaru dubu biyu kafin a yi amfani da irin wannan tsarin a Turai, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗayan tsoffin tsarin kula da ruwa irinsa a duniya. ”
A zahiri, ga tsoffin Mayans, nemo hanyoyin samun da adana ruwa mai tsabta yana da mahimmanci. Kamar sauran biranen Mayan, Tikal an gina shi ne a kan dutse mai ƙyalli wanda ya sa samun ruwan sha ke da wahala a mafi yawan shekara, a lokacin fari. Don haka ba su da wani zaɓi ko kaɗan sai dai amfani da madatsar ruwa mara tsabta, wanda zai iya zama haɗari ga lafiyarsu a lokaci guda.
Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa wannan tsarin tacewa ya ƙunshi ma'adini da zeolite zai kare tsoffin Mayans daga ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa da sauran guba waɗanda wataƙila sun sa mutanen da suka sha daga tafkin su yi rashin lafiya. "Wataƙila ta hanyar hangen nesa mai zurfi ne tsohuwar Maya ta ga wannan kayan yana da alaƙa da ruwa mai tsabta kuma ta yi ƙoƙarin kawo ta cikin garin su," in ji masu binciken. Amma yadda Mayans suka sami irin wannan ci gaba da ilimin ayyukan kwayoyin halitta har yanzu shine batun jayayya.
Ruwan sha, mai mahimmanci
Har zuwa yau, yawancin bincike kan sarrafa ruwa na dā ya yi ƙoƙarin bayyana yadda wayewa ke kiyayewa, tattarawa, ko karkatar da ruwa. Ingancin ruwan sha ya kasance da wahalar magancewa. Wannan binciken ya buɗe wannan layi na bincike ta hanyar gano ingancin tushen ruwa da yadda za a iya kafa shi da kiyaye shi. Tabbas, sake gina rayuka, halaye da motsawar wayewa daga dubban shekaru da suka gabata yana da rikitarwa. “Ba mu da cikakkiyar shaida, amma muna da kwararan hujjoji. Bayanin mu yana da ma'ana mai ma'ana, ” in ji masu binciken.
Millennia gabanin bidi'a
An kuma lura da tsarin tsaftataccen ruwa a cikin wasu tsoffin wayewar kai, a Girka, Masar, da Kudancin Asiya, amma wannan shine farkon abin da aka lura da shi a Nahiyar Amurka. “Tsoffin Maya suna rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai zafi kuma dole ne ya kasance mai ƙira. Kuma wannan bidi'a ce mai ban mamaki. Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa Baƙin Amurkan da ke Yankin Yammacin Turai ba su da injiniya ɗaya ko tsokar fasaha kamar wurare kamar Girka, Rome, Indiya ko China. Amma idan ya zo ga sarrafa ruwa, Mayans sun kasance millennia gaba, ” kammala masu binciken.
