Ngo-2009, lokho okukholakala ukuthi yindwangu enkulu kunazo zonke futhi eyivelakancane emhlabeni eyenziwe ngokuphelele ngosilika we-orb-weaver yegolide yaboniswa e-American Museum of Natural History eNew York. Kuthiwa “kuwukuphela kwendwangu enkulu yendwangu eyenziwe ngosilika wesicabucabu wemvelo ekhona emhlabeni namuhla.” Kuyindwangu ebabazekayo futhi indaba yokudalwa kwayo iyamangalisa.
Lesi siqeshana sendwangu kwakuyiphrojekthi eholwa ngokuhlanganyela nguSimon Peers, isazi-mlando sezobuciko saseBrithani esisebenza ngokukhethekile kwendwangu, kanye no-Nicholas Godley, uzakwabo webhizinisi waseMelika. Lo msebenzi wathatha iminyaka emihlanu ukuqedwa futhi wabiza ngaphezulu kuka-£300,000 (cishe ama- $395820). Umphumela walo mzamo waba ucezu lwendwangu olungamamitha angu-3.4 (11.2 ft/) ngo-1.2-imitha (3.9 ft.) lwendwangu.
Ugqozi lwe-spider web silk yobuciko
Indwangu ekhiqizwe nguPeers noGodley iyishawuli/ikepisi eliphekwe ngegolide. Ugqozi lwalo msebenzi wobuciko wadwetshwa Oontanga abavela ku-akhawunti yesiFulentshi yangekhulu le-19. Ukulandisa kuchaza umzamo wesithunywa sevangeli esingumJesuit esingumFulentshi okuthiwa uBaba uPaul Camboué wokukhipha nokwenza izindwangu ngosilika wesicabucabu. Nakuba kuye kwenziwa imizamo ehlukahlukene esikhathini esidlule yokushintsha usilika wesicabucabu ube yindwangu, uBaba uCamboué uthathwa njengomuntu wokuqala ophumelele ukwenza kanjalo. Noma kunjalo, i-spider web yayisivele ivunwe ezikhathini zasendulo ngezinhloso ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, amaGreki asendulo ayesebenzisa ulwembu ukuze anqande amanxeba ukopha.
Njengesithunywa sevangeli eMadagascar, uFather Camboué wasebenzisa uhlobo lwezicabucabu ezitholakala esiqhingini ukuze akhiqize usilika we-spider web. Kanye nozakwethu webhizinisi ogama lakhe lingu M. Nogué, kwasungulwa imboni yendwangu kasilika yesicabucabu esiqhingini futhi omunye wemikhiqizo yabo, “iqoqo eliphelele lezilenge zemibhede” laze lavezwa embukisweni waseParis ka-1898. Umsebenzi we laba ababili baseFrance sebelahlekile. Noma kunjalo, yathola ukunakwa ngaleso sikhathi futhi yanikeza ugqozi ngomsebenzi ka-Peers kanye no-Godley cishe ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka.
Ukubamba nokukhipha usilika wesicabucabu
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni kuka-Camboué no-Nogué usilika wesicabucabu iyithuluzi elasungulwa yilaba bakamuva ukuze likhiphe usilika. Lo mshini omncane wawushayelwa ngesandla futhi wawukwazi ukukhipha usilika kusuka ezicabucabuni ezingafika kwezingama-24 ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokuzilimaza. Ontanga bakwazile ukwakha umfanekiso walo mshini, futhi inqubo 'yokubumba usilika' ingase iqale.
Nokho, ngaphambi kwalokhu, kwadingeka ukuba kubanjwe izicabucabu. Isicabucabu esisetshenziswa oPeers noGodley ukukhiqiza indwangu yabo saziwa ngokuthi isicabucabu esinemilenze ebomvu se-orb-web (Nephila inaurata), okuwuhlobo oludabuka eMpumalanga naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika, kanye neziqhingi ezimbalwa zaseWestern Indian. Ulwandle, kuhlanganise neMadagascar. Izinsikazi zalolu hlobo kuphela ezikhiqiza usilika, eziluluka zibe izizinda. Amawebu akhanya ekukhanyeni kwelanga futhi kuye kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi lokhu kuhloselwe ukuheha inyamazane, noma ukusebenza njengento yokufihla.
Kontanga kanye no-Godley, kufika isigidi salezi zicabucabu ze-orb-web zegolide zesifazane ezinemilenze ebomvu kwadingeka ukuba zibanjwe ukuze kutholwe usilika owanele wetshali / ikepisi lazo. Ngenhlanhla, lolu uhlobo oluvamile lwesicabucabu futhi luningi esiqhingini. Izicabucabu zabuyiselwa endle lapho seziphelelwe usilika. Nokho, ngemva kwesonto, izicabucabu zase zingaphinda zikhiqize usilika. Izicabucabu zikhiqiza usilika wazo kuphela ngenkathi yemvula, ngakho zazibanjwa kuphela phakathi nezinyanga eziphakathi kuka-Okthoba noJuni.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka emine, shawl/ikepisi elinombala osagolide lakhiqizwa. Yaqala ukubukiswa e-American Museum of Natural History eNew York kwase kuba seVictoria and Albert Museum eLondon. Lo msebenzi wafakazela ukuthi usilika wesicabucabu ungase usetshenziselwe ukwenza izindwangu.
Ubunzima ekukhiqizeni usilika wesicabucabu
Noma kunjalo, akuwona umkhiqizo olula ukuwukhiqiza ngobuningi. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho zihlaliswe ndawonye, lezi zicabucabu zivame ukuphenduka amazimuzimu. Noma kunjalo, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi usilika wesicabucabu uqine ngokwedlulele, kodwa ulula futhi uvumelana nezimo, okuyisici esibahlaba umxhwele ososayensi abaningi. Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi bebezama ukuthola lo kasilika ngezinye izindlela.
Esinye, isibonelo, siwukufaka izakhi zofuzo zesicabucabu kwezinye izinto eziphilayo (njengamagciwane, nakuba abanye beye bazama ezinkomeni nasezimbuzini), bese bevuna usilika kuzo. Imizamo enjalo ibe yimpumelelo elinganiselwe kuphela. Kubonakala sengathi okwamanje, umuntu usazodinga ukubamba inqwaba yezicabucabu uma efisa ukukhiqiza ucezu lwendwangu kusilika wayo.
