Ngo-2015, kwatholakala i-monolith engamamitha angama-39 eyayicwile emanzini asogwini lwaseSicily ngamamitha angaba ngu-130. Lokhu okutholwe yimivubukulo okufana nesakhiwo esiyindida se-Stonehenge kungabhala kabusha umlando esiwaziyo.
Incazelo ye-Stonehenge engaphansi kwamanzi yaseSicily (I-Pantelleria Vecchia Bank Megalith)
I-monolith eyenziwe ngabantu etholakala oLwandle iMedithera okungenani ineminyaka engu-9,350 ubudala. Inesisindo esingaba amathani ayi-15 futhi yephuke yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Inemigodi emithathu ejwayelekile yobubanzi obufanayo: owodwa oweqa ngokuphelele phezulu, kanti eminye emibili ezinhlangothini ezimbili ze-monolith.
I-Stonehenge
Isikhumbuzo sangaphambi komlando se-Stonehenge eWiltshire, eNgilandi, sinendandatho yamatshe amile, ngalinye lingamamitha angu-13 ukuphakama, amamitha ayisikhombisa ububanzi, futhi linesisindo esingamathani angama-25. Itshe lesikhumbuzo elidumile le-Neolithic liqondaniswe nokushona kwelanga kwasebusika kanye nokuphuma kwelanga kwelanga futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ngabantu basendulo ukuhlola amazulu.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi lesikhumbuzo sasiyindawo yokuhlangana yabantu basendulo futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyindawo yenkolo lapho abantu babekhonza khona okhokho babo. Abanye baye basikisela ukuthi kwakuyindawo yabafileyo, kanti abanye bathi kwakuyindawo yokwelashwa, ngoba ama-bluestones angashaywa ukuze enze umsindo ocatshangwa ukuthi unamandla ayimfihlo noma okuphilisa.
Bathini ngakho abavubukuli abathola i-monolith yaseSicily-henge?
Azikho izinqubo zemvelo ezaziwayo ezingakhipha lezi zinto, ngokusho kukaDkt Emanuele Lodolo ovela ku-National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics e-Italy noDkt Zvi Ben-Avraham wase-University of Haifa naseTel Aviv University kwa-Israel, ithole i-monolith.
"I-monolith yenziwa ngamatshe ngaphandle kwalawo akha zonke izindawo ezingomakhelwane, futhi iyodwa maqondana nazo," kusho ososayensi.
"Iqukethe ama-calcirudites aneminyaka eyi-Late Pleistocene, njengoba kunqunywa ngezilinganiso ze-radiocarbon ezenziwa ezingcezwini zegobolondo ezimbalwa ezikhishwe kumasampula edwala."
I-monolith itholakale ePantelleria Vecchia Bank, isiqhingi esake saba yiSicilian Channel. Lesi siqhingi, ngokusho kwabavubukuli, sasicwiliswe kakhulu ngesikhathi kukazamcolo eminyakeni engaba ngu-9,300 XNUMX edlule.
"Iminyaka etholwayo yehla ngokulandelana kwezikhathi ekuqaleni kwenkathi kaMesolithic we-SE Europe naseMpumalanga Ephakathi," UDkt Lodolo noDkt Ben-Avraham bathe.
"Ukutholakala kwendawo ebicwilisiwe eSicilian Channel kungakhulisa kakhulu ulwazi lwethu ngemiphakathi yakudala eMedithera kanye nemibono yethu ngobuchwepheshe nentuthuko etholwe izakhamizi zaseMesolithic."
I-monolith idinga uhlelo lokusika, ukukhipha, ukuthutha kanye nokufaka okungangabazeki ukuthi luveza amakhono obuchwepheshe obalulekile nobunjiniyela obukhulu.
"Inkolelo yokuthi okhokho bethu babengenalo ulwazi, amakhono nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa izinsiza zasolwandle noma ukwenza ukuwela olwandle, kumele iyekwe kancane kancane," kusho abavubukuli.
"Ukutholakala kwakamuva kwemivubukulo ecwilisiwe kuwususile ngokuqinisekile umqondo wobuchwepheshe obuncane obuvame ukubangelwa abafuduki basogwini," abavubukuli baphetha.
Bangobani abahlali besiqhingi abakha i-monolith?
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-monolith yesitayela se-Stonehenge yaseSicily ingakhanyisa ngemiphakathi yokuqala eyayibiza ikhaya laseMedithera. Akwaziwa ukuthi i-monolith yaseMedithera yayimi yodwa noma iyingxenye yeqembu, njengoba kubonakala eSkyhenge, encane kakhulu, eyakhiwa cishe eminyakeni engama-2,600 XNUMX BC.
Namuhla, kuncane okwaziwayo ngabantu ababehlala ePenelleria Vecchia Bank eSicilian Channel eminyakeni engaba ngu-10,000 XNUMX edlule. Kodwa-ke, ukwakhiwa kwetshe kukhombisa ukuthi babengabasebenzi abanamakhono, abakwazi ukukhipha, ukusika nokuhambisa itshe elikhulu.
Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi abantu bathengisa izinhlanzi abazibambe nezinye iziqhingi. Itshe kungenzeka ukuthi lalisebenza njengohlobo lwakudala 'lwendlu yokukhanya' noma isibani sendawo, noma njengendawo yokubophela nokugxilisa izikebhe zokudoba. Yize ubumbulu baso bungaqinisekisi ukuthi bekuyindawo yokubambelela ezikebheni zokudoba ngaleso sikhathi. Uma kunjalo, ukuthi zikhulu kangakanani izikebhe zabo kuyindaba yokukhathazeka.
Lesi siqhingi sacwiliswa ngesikhathi kukazamcolo eminyakeni eyi-9,500 XNUMX eyedlule, ngemuva kweLast Glacial Maximum. Lesi bekuyisikhathi sokugcina emlandweni wesimo sezulu woMhlaba ngesikhathi sokugcina seqhwa lapho amashidi eqhwa ayeseduzane kakhulu.
Isiteshi iSicilian singelinye lamashalofu angajulile esifunda esiphakathi neMedithera lapho imiphumela yokushintsha kwezinga lolwandle yayinkulu kakhulu futhi ishubile. Isimo sendawo sasendulo seMedithera Basin sashintshwa kakhulu ngokwanda kolwandle olandela iLast Glacial Maximum.
Ukutholakala kwe-monolith kusikisela impucuko yangaphambi komlando eyayichuma esiqhingini futhi abantu basendulo kungenzeka ukuthi babekoloni abanye abaseduze. Ngoba lokhu kutholakala kunikeza ubufakazi bomsebenzi obalulekile wabantu bakaMesolithic esifundeni seSicilian Channel.
Ukutholwa kwe-radiocarbon yezingcezu zegobolondo ezikhishwe etsheni le-monolithic kukhombisa ukuthi itshe ngokwalo lineminyaka engama-40,000 ubudala kanti iphansi lolwandle elizungeze i-monolith lineminyaka eyizigidi eziyishumi ubudala. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi i-megalith kungenzeka yayiqoshwe etsheni elingenisiwe.
Isiphetho
Kuze kube namuhla, akukho okuningi okuye kwahlolwa ngempucuko yabantu bangaphambi komlando. Kepha okwamanje, ososayensi baqala ukuvuma ukuthi ngandlela thile banephutha kumugqa wesikhathi womlando, nokuthi kukhona okushodayo lapho.
Uma sibhekabheka umlando woMhlaba, sizothola ukuthi 'iminyaka engama-9,350 eyedlule' yayisemuva 'kwesikhathi seqhwa' sokugcina, ikakhulukazi eningizimu yeYurophu. Ngakho-ke i-monolith etholakala ogwini lwaseSicily ngokuqinisekile ayilahlanga lapho (olwandle) ngokubuyisa iqhwa noma izikhukhula. Ukuma nezimbobo kungenzeka kukhombise ukuthi ibimbiwe futhi ilungiselelwe ukuhanjiswa.
Asinakho okuningi okutholakele okunjalo ngoba mdala kakhulu, noma ngabe awasindi kahle, noma ikakhulukazi angaphansi kolwandle noma angabonakali. Azikho ukuthi abavubukuli abaningi (ikakhulukazi abavubukuli basolwandle) futhi kuseyinsimu entsha, uma kungenjalo isayensi. Amasayithi, amadolobhana, amadolobha ngisho namadolobha konke kuncike ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lolwandle, ngakho-ke okwenzeka ngokwedlule esikhathini esedlule kufanele kufihlwe ngokujulile ngaphansi kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okungaziwa.
