I-Wiltshire yaziwa kakhulu ngamabhala ayo e-Bronze Age, ikakhulukazi lawo atholakala endaweni yamagugu omhlaba. Stonehenge kanye naseziqhingini zaseCranborne Chase. Ngokuphambene, kuncane okwaziwayo mayelana namasayithi afanayo eduze kwedolobha lasendulo lase-Salisbury.
Nokho, I-Vistry's ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esisha sezindlu zokuhlala emaphethelweni e-Harnham, indawo eseningizimu ye-Salisbury, kuvumele ukuvundulula ingxenye yezinsalela zamathuna amakhulu ayindilinga kanye nokuma kwendawo yawo.
Amabhala ayindilinga ekuqaleni akhiwa ngesikhathi se-Neolithic, kodwa iningi lenziwa ngesikhathi se-Beaker kanye ne-Early Bronze Ages (2400 - 1500 BC) futhi ngokuvamile lihlanganisa ithuna elimaphakathi, indunduma, kanye nomsele ovalekile.
Ububanzi bawo bungasukela ngaphansi kuka-10m kuya ku-50m omangalisayo, kanti iningi lilinganiselwa ku-20-30m. Imisebenzi yabo yomhlaba iyahluka futhi, kanti ezinye zinezindunduma ezinkulu ezimaphakathi ('amabhala ensimbi'), ezinye zinezindunduma ezincane eziwumgogodla namabhange angaphandle ('amabhala amadiski'), kanti amanye anemigodi emaphakathi ('amabhala echibi').
Imisele yabo yayizokhiqiza impahla yendunduma yebhala, eyayingakhiwa ngoshoki, ukungcola, nenhlabathi. Amabhala ngokuvamile axhunywe namathuna; abanye bahlanganisa oyedwa kuphela, kuyilapho abanye benochungechunge lokungcwaba futhi, ezikhathini ezingavamile, ukungcwatshwa okuningana.
Amabhala e-Netherhampton Road ayeselinganiswe wonke amakhulu eminyaka okulima futhi manje aseyimisele nje, nakuba sekungcwatshwe abayishumi nanye kanye nokushiswa kwezidumbu ezintathu okungakaphenduki.
Amathuna aqukethe cishe amabhala angamashumi amabili noma ngaphezulu asukela ekugcineni kwe-Harnham ezingeni lesigodi sase-Nadder, phezulu futhi enqamula igquma likashoki elizungezile kulokho okuwumkhawulo osenyakatho wendawo ye-Cranborne Chase.
Abavubukuli baye bamba amabhala amahlanu kuphela emathuneni, ahlelwe ngamaqoqo amancane amapheya noma amaqembu ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu. Okungenani amabhala ethu amathathu anwetshwe ngokuphawulekayo, futhi elinye laqala ngomsele omise okweqanda kancane owagcina usuthathelwe indawo umsele ocishe uyisiyingi.
Ukuma okusaqanda kuphakamisa ukuthi ibhala lokugcina laliyi-Neolithic, noma lakhiwe endaweni ye-Neolithic. Ithuna elikhulu esikhungweni salo laliqukethe izinsalela zamathambo abantu abadala nabantwana; amathuna anjalo awavamile, futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwempahla yamathuna, izobe iqondiswe ekupholeni nge-radiocarbon. Ibhala lembula amanye amathuna amabili, womabili abenokungcwatshwa kukaBeaker, okungenzeka ukuthi akhiqizwa ekuqaleni kweNkathi Yethusi.
Ibhala eliyisiyingi linqamula emigodini ye-Neolithic enezimbotshana ezibomvu zezinyamazane. Inyamazane yezinyamazane yayaziswa kakhulu futhi yayisetshenziselwa ukwakha amapiki ezandla noma izimfoloko namaraki ngezibambo zokhuni oluqinile oluqondile. Yabuye yenziwa amakamu nezikhonkwane, amathuluzi nezikhali ezifana namakhanda enkezo kanye nama-mattocks, futhi yayisetshenziswa emikhubeni.
Ochwepheshe bamathambo ezilwane kanye namathambo asetshenziwe bazohlola lokhu ukuze babone ukuthi abukho yini ubufakazi obusobala bokuphuka ngamabomu noma amaphethini okugqoka. Lokhu kungase kubonise ukuguqulwa kokusetshenziswa, okufana nama-burrs nama-tines asetshenziselwa ukunqunywa kwe-flint, njengezando, noma ukucindezela ukubhakuzisa kwamatshe ukuze enze amathuluzi.
Amanye amabhala amabili angomakhelwane ayengenawo amathuna ayisisekelo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yomonakalo owadalwa amakhulu eminyaka ezolimo. Lezi zintathu ziyingxenye yeqembu elibanzi lamabhala, kanti amanye amathathu noma amane abonakala njengamamaki wezitshalo ohlangothini olusenyakatho yomgwaqo u-Netherhampton.
Isakhiwo esibonakala sicwile - okungenzeka sisetshenziswe njengendawo yokukhosela, indawo yokusebenzela, noma isitolo kanye nomgodi wamanzi nakho kwatholakala kule ngxenye yesiza. Abacwaningi bathole izingodo ezisebenzayo ezilondolozwe ukugcwala kwamanzi, kanye nezitsha zobumba ze-Saxon, nezinsimbi zommese wensimbi, futhi zingaqoqwa izitsha zobumba zamaRoma, ezansi emgodini wamanzi.
Isifunda sesibili siveze insimu yokulima ('lynchet') okungenzeka ukuthi yakamuva ye-Iron Age, okuyinto engajwayelekile e-Wiltshire, kanye nendawo esekupheleni kwesikhathi seBronze Age kuya e-Iron Age enemigodi engaphezu kuka-240 kanye nezimbobo.
Imigodi yayisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulahla udoti, nakuba eminye kungenzeka yayisetshenziselwa ukugcina okusanhlamvu; izinto ezitholwe kule migodi zizonikeza ubufakazi bokuthi lo mphakathi wawuphila futhi wawulima kanjani umhlaba.
Indawo yesi-2 futhi yilapho abavubukuli bembula khona amabhala asele. Omunye kwakuwumsele olula oqoshwe endaweni yokuqala yokugeza amagquma; kwatholakala amathuna okulothisa ngaphakathi naseduze kwalo msele.
Elinye ibhala laliqoshwe kushoki futhi isikhungo salo sabekwa endaweni ethokomele, ekhulisa umbono ukusuka endaweni ephansi yoMfula iNadder.
Enkabeni yawo bekungcwatshwa izidumbu zengane, ebiphelezelwa Umkhumbi Wokudla ophathwayo wohlobo lwe-'Yorkshire', eqanjwe kanjalo ngenxa yephrofayili yayo ewumphetho kanye nenani lokuhlobisa.
Lesi sitayela somkhumbi, njengoba negama libonisa, sisakazeke kakhulu enyakatho yeNgilandi futhi singase sibe inkomba yokuthi abantu bahambe amabanga amade.
Ukuhlaziywa kwama-isotopes ohlaka lwamathambo kungase kubonise ukuthi ingane yazalelwa endaweni noma yakhuliswa kwenye indawo. Impela, noma ubani owadala ibhodwe elingcwatshwe nengane wayejwayelene nezitsha zobumba ezingezona zendawo.
Le bhala ihlanganisa imigodi ye-Neolithic esikiwe equkethe izitsha zobumba ze-Grooved Ware, ezavela emadolobheni amaningana e-Orkney cishe ngo-3000 BC ngaphambi kokusabalala kulo lonke elase-Britain ne-Ireland.
Iphinde yasetshenziswa abakhi beStonehenge kanye nezindonga ezinkulu ze-henge zaseDurrington Walls kanye ne-Avebury. Lezi zindawo zemigodi zivame ukuqukatha iminonjana yezinto eziphahlazekile nezishile, izinsalela zamadili, nezinto eziyinqaba eziyivelakancane noma zangaphandle.
Imigodi ye-Netherhampton nayo ihlukile, ikhiqiza igobolondo le-scallop, ibhola lobumba elithakazelisayo, i-micro denticulate' - empeleni isaha elincane le-flint - kanye nemicibisholo emithathu ye-British Oblique, eyayidumile phakathi nenkathi ye-Late Neolithic.
Lapho ukumba kwamanje sekuqediwe, ithimba langemva kokumba lizoqala ukuhlaziya nokucwaninga ngezinto ezimbiwe.
Lokhu kutholakala kungase kuveze ukukhanya okusha kokuthi impilo yayinjani kule ndawo ngesikhathi seNkathi Yethusi nokuthi abantu babehlala kanjani futhi baxhumane kanjani. Siyajabula ukubona ukuthi yini enye eyembulwa njengoba abavubukuli beqhubeka nokusebenza kusayithi.
