Kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, besilokhu singanakile ngokujabula ukushefa okuningi esiye saba nakho ngezinhlekelele zemvelo ebezingase zisho ukuphela kwezinhlobo zethu zezilwane. Esinye isenzakalo esinjalo senzeka eminyakeni engaphezudlwana kwekhulu edlule, okwaholela ekuqhumeni okukhulu kakhulu okwake kwaqoshwa eMhlabeni.
Okumangazayo ukuthi bambalwa abantu abebesazi ngalesi sigameko ngaleso sikhathi ngenxa yendawo ekude kanye nokuntuleka kobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana. Lo mcimbi, owaziwa ngokuthi iTunguska Event, uvuse ilukuluku lesayensi nenkulumo-mpikiswano.
Ukusa komcimbi waseTunguska
Ngosuku oluzolile lwasehlobo ngo-1908, izakhamuzi zasendaweni ekude yaseSiberia eKrasnoyarsk Krai zavuswa ukuqhuma okuyinhlekelele. Lokhu kuqhuma ngokushesha kwalandelwa igagasi elimangalisayo eliphahlaze amafasitela futhi lasusa abantu ezinyaweni zabo. Isibhakabhaka sabe sesihlukaniswa kabili ngenxa yegagasi lomlilo, isenzakalo izakhamuzi ezasichaza njengesambulo. Ngemizuzu embalwa, ihlathi lashiswa.
Imiphumela yomonakalo
Abakwazanga ukunqanda umlilo wehlathi ngenxa yemimoya eqinile evela ePacific Ocean, abantu bendawo baphoqeleka ukuba babaleke. Lo mlilo uqhubekile izinsuku ezintathu, ushiya indawo eyincithakalo. Izihlahla ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-80 zacekelwa phansi, futhi yonke into engaphakathi kwebanga elingamakhilomitha angu-2,000 yabekwa isicaba.
Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukuqhuma kwakunamandla ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1000 kunebhomu le-athomu elawiswa eHiroshima. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu bukhulu obukhulu, lo mcimbi wawungaziwa kakhulu ngenxa yendawo ekude.
Ukuze sikunikeze isiqhathaniso esinembe kakhudlwana, ibhomu le-athomu elawiswa e-Hiroshima lalifana namakhilothoni angu-15 e-TNT kuyilapho ukuqhuma okwenzeke e-Tunguska kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwakungamamegathoni ayi-10 e-TNT.
Iningi labahlali bathutha njengoba benovalo lokuthi kungenzeka isigameko esifuze lesi. Kunoma ikuphi, izilwane eziningi zasendle ezazibalulekile ekusindeni kwazo zesaba ngenxa yokuqhuma okukhulu. Abanye babekholelwa ukuthi kwakuyisibonakaliso esivela kuNkulunkulu.
Ukuphishekela izimpendulo
Eminyakeni eyishumi nantathu ngemva komcimbi, ososayensi baseSoviet bangena endaweni yokuqhuma ukuze bahlole. Ekuqaleni, abantu bendawo babesola abavukuzi begolide ngalokhu kuqhuma, kodwa ososayensi babeqiniseka ukuthi i-meteorite yisona esibangele lokhu kuqhuma. Babelindele ukuthi bathole izinsalela zensimbi nezinye izimbiwa, kodwa ukusesha kwabo kwaze kwaphela. Lokhu kwaholela emibonweni eminingi, ngayinye inesethi yayo yemibuzo nokuphikisana.
Ithiyori yenkanyezi enomsila
Enye yemibono ebaluleke kakhulu yaphakanyiswa isazi sezinkanyezi saseBrithani u-FJW Whipple. Uphakamise ukuthi inkanyezi enomsila hhayi i-meteor, iyona ebhekele umcimbi waseTunguska. Inkanyezi enomsila, eyakhiwe ngeqhwa nothuli, ibiyohlakazeka lapho ingena emkhathini woMhlaba, ingashiyi nakancane imfucumfucu.
Ithiyori yegesi yemvelo
Isazi sesayensi yezinkanyezi uWolfgang Kundt uphakamise incazelo ehlukile. Uphakamise ukuthi ukuqhuma kube umphumela wamathani ayizigidi eziyi-10 egesi yemvelo ephuma oqweqweni loMhlaba. Kodwa-ke, le thiyori yayizabalaza ukuchaza ukushaqeka okubangelwa ukuqhuma kanye nokuntuleka kwe-crater enkulu.
Ithiyori ye-antimatter
Ngo-2009, ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi umcimbi waseTunguska kungenzeka ube umphumela wokushayisana kwento ne-antimatter emthaleni wethu. Lokhu kungadala ukuqhuma kwamandla akwazi ukubangela ukuqhuma okunjalo. Nokho, lo mbono wahlangatshezwa nokungabaza.
Ukutholwa komsuka we-meteoric
Ngo-2013, ososayensi abavela ku-National Academy of Sciences yase-Ukraine eholwa nguVictor Kvasnytsya bahlaziya amasampula amancane amatshe avela endaweni yokuqhuma. Imiphumela yabonisa umsuka we-meteoric, kodwa imfihlakalo yemfucumfucu engekho yahlala ingaxazululiwe.
Ithiyori ye-extraterrestrial
U-Alexey Zolotov, iNhloko yoMnyango e-All-Union Institute of Geophysical Prospecting Methods, uhlongoze ithiyori engajwayelekile. Uphakamise ukuthi iTunguska Event kwakuwukuqhuma kwamabomu okubangelwa umshini wenuzi ohlangene othunyelwe izidalwa ezingaphandle komhlaba ukukhombisa ukuthi zikhona. Lo mbono, nakuba uthakazelisa, usalokhu uqagela.
Ithiyori ye-asteroid
Abanye ososayensi bacabangele ukuthi kungenzeka i-asteroid ibe nesibopho somcimbi waseTunguska. Ukulingisa kwekhompuyutha okwenziwa u-Daniil Khrennikov e-Siberian Federal University kuphakamise ukuthi i-asteroid kungenzeka idle umkhathi woMhlaba, idale ukuqhuma komoya okubangele ukuqhuma.
I-asteroid ngabe ingene ngesivinini esikhulu, yehla ngokushesha ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba, bese iphuma emkhathini. Amandla avela kulokhu kuncipha kungenzeka adluliselwe eTunguska, okubangele ukuqhuma.
Nakuba le mbono ibonakala inengqondo kakhulu, iphakamisa umbuzo owesabekayo: Kuthiwani uma i-asteroid ibingase ishaye uMhlaba ngokuqondile?
