Ukuphindukuzalwa: Icala elimangazayo lamawele ePollock

Icala lePollock Twins liyimfihlakalo engaxazululwa ezoshaya ingqondo yakho noma ungakholelwa empilweni ngemuva kokufa. Sekuyiminyaka, leli cala elixakile lithathwa ngabaningi njengobufakazi obugculisayo bokuphindukuzalwa.

Amawele kaPollock
Amawele afanayo, uRoselle, eNew Jersey, ngo-1967. © Diane Arbus Photography

Ngemuva kokushona kwamantombazane amabili, umama nobaba wabo baba namawele, futhi babazi izinto ezinjengalezi ngodadewabo abafile ezazingajwayelekile futhi zithuke ngasikhathi sinye.

Inhlekelele: Odadewabo basePollock Babulawa Engozini

Kwakuyisikhathi sasemini ngoMeyi 5, 1957, iSonto elijabulisayo lomndeni wakwaPollock, owawulibangise emkhosini wendabuko owawugujwa esontweni laseHexham, idolobha elidala laseNgilandi. Abazali, uJohn noFlorence Pollock, bebesele ngemuva. Babengazange bamelane nezinyathelo ezikhathazayo zamadodakazi abo uJoanna (oneminyaka engu-11 ubudala) noJacqueline (oneminyaka eyisithupha). Bobabili bebefuna ukuthola indawo enhle kulo mcimbi.

Amawele kaPollock
UJohn noFlorence Pollock babephethe futhi baphethe ibhizinisi elincane legrosa kanye nensizakalo yokulethwa kobisi eNgilandi © npollock.id.au

Phezu kwezinhlelo zabo, ngalolo suku abakaze baye emisa. Amabhulokhi ambalwa esontweni, ubudedengu babavimbela. Ukuphuthuma kwabo akuzange kubavumele ukuthi babone imoto ebizonqamula ujiko, ebashayisa bobabili futhi, khona lapho, bobabili uJoanna noJacqueline babulawelwa i-asphalt.

UJoanna noJacqueline Pollock, abashone kabuhlungu engozini yemoto © MRU
UJoanna noJacqueline Pollock, abashone kabuhlungu engozini yemoto © MRU

Abazali badabula unyaka odabukisa kakhulu empilweni yabo. Bonakaliswe ukulahlekelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamadodakazi abo, babefuna ukuqala umndeni futhi. Ukudalelwa kuzobamangaza. UFlorence wayesekhulelwe. Hhayi noyedwa, kodwa ababili, wayephethe amantombazane amabili angamawele esiswini sakhe.

Amawele kaPollock

Ngo-Okthoba 4, 1958, izinyanga eziyi-9 zokukhulelwa zadlula; ngalolo suku, uGillian wazalwa futhi, emizuzwini embalwa kamuva, uJennifer. Injabulo yavele yamangala lapho abazali babo beqala ukubabhekisisa. Zazifana, kepha izimpawu zokuzalwa zazigxilile emizimbeni yazo emincane. UJennifer wayenendawo esiphongweni sakhe. Khona lapho endaweni lapho udadewabo omdala ayengakaze azi, uJacqueline, enesibazi. Zombili zibuye zaqondana nomaki okhalweni.

Amawele kaPollock
UGillian noJennifer Pollock yizinto okuthiwa ziphindukuzalwa zodadewabo abadala abafa engozini yemoto © Flickr

UGillian, elinye iwele, wayengenazo lezo zimpawu zokuzalwa ezimbili. Bacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka. Kungaba ngesikhathi esithile ekukhulelweni lapho amabheji akhiqizwa khona, babefuna ukukholelwa. Ezinyangeni ezintathu ngemuva kokubeletha, umndeni uthathe isinqumo sokuthuthela eWhite Bay uyofuna ukushiya emuva esikhathini esedlule esidabukisayo, ukuze ekugcineni uthole ukuthula ababekulangazelela.

Ukukhumbula Izehlakalo Ezedlule

Eminyakeni emibili ubudala, lapho amantombazane esethole ulimi oluyisicefe, aqala ukucela amathoyizi kodadewabo abangasekho yize ayengakaze ezwe ngawo. Lapho ubaba wabo ebanikeza onodoli ayebagcina ekamelweni elisophahleni, amawele abaqamba ngokuthi oMary noSusan. Amagama afanayo ababenikwe wona, kudala, ngodadewabo abadala.

Amawele kaPollock
La mawele angakhomba amathoyizi kaJoanna noJacqueline ngegama © Flickr

Amawele aqala ukwehluka ekuziphatheni kwawo. UGillian, owayelingisa omdala kamufi, waba ngumholi kuJennifer, owayekhumbula uJacqueline futhi walandela izinkomba zikadadewabo ngaphandle kokubuza. Izinkomba zaphenduka zaba mnyama lapho abakwaPollocks benquma ukubuyela edolobheni lakubo.

Lapho Amawele Ebuyela EHexham

EHexham, ukusabela kwaba khona ngokushesha. Laba bobabili, ngazwilinye, bacele ukuvakashela ipaki yokuzijabulisa ebikhathaza odadewabo futhi bachaza kabanzi ngathi nabo ngokwabo babevakashele kaninginingi. Lapho befika endlini, babona wonke amakhona aleli khaya, ngisho nomakhelwane babo. Abazali babo bathi benza futhi bakhuluma ngendlela efanayo neyenziwa ngamadodakazi abo amabili okuqala.

Ucwaningo lukaDkt Stevenson Ngamawele Wama-Pollock

Lapho kwakungasakwazi ukubheka olunye uhlangothi bese wenza sengathi okwakwenzeka kwakujwayelekile, amawele ekugcineni adonsela ukunaka kukaDkt Ian Stevenson (1918 -2007), isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esafunda ukuphindukuzalwa ezinganeni. Ngo-1987, wabhala incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi "Izingane Ezikhumbula Ukuphila Kwangaphambili: Umbuzo Wokuphindukuzalwa." Kuyo, uchaze amacala ayi-14 wokuphindukuzalwa, kufaka phakathi lawo mantombazane asePollock.

UDkt Ian Stevenson, amawele pollock
UDkt. Ian Stevenson wafunda la mantombazane kusuka ngonyaka we-1964 kuya kowe-1985. Ubalule ukuthi amawele abukeka sengathi athatha nobuntu bodadewabo abadala © Division of Perceptual Studies, University of Virginia

UStevenson uthe uncamela ukusebenza nezingane ngoba "abantu abadala abaphinde bazalwa" babenamathuba amaningi okuthi bathonywe izinto zangaphandle nezinganekwane, ezivela ezincwadini, kumabhayisikobho noma ezinkumbulweni zezihlobo zabo ababezihlanganisa nezabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingane zizenzele. Akukho lutho olubavumela.

Ukuziphatha Okungaqondakali Kepha Okungajwayelekile Kwamawele asePollock Kwesinye isikhathi Kwethusa Abazali Babo

Endabeni yamawele kaPollock, abazali babo abakaze baqonde ubukhulu bale nto. Ngeminyaka engu-4 nje kuphela, amantombazane ayesaba izimoto ezazizungeza. Babehlale besaba kakhulu ukweqa umgwaqo. “Imoto iza ngathi!” - babevame ukumemeza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesinye isikhathi, uJohn noFlorence balalela la mantombazane ngenkathi bekhuluma ngenhlekelele yangoMeyi 5, 1957.

“Angifuni ukuthi iphinde yenzeke kimi. Kwakunzima. Izandla zami zazigcwele igazi, kanjalo nekhala nomlomo. Angikwazi ukuphefumula, ” UJennifer utshele udadewabo. “Ungangikhumbuzi,” Kuphendula uGillian. "Ububukeka njengesilo futhi kuphume into ebomvu ekhanda lakho."

Ngokumangazayo, Konke Lokho Okukhunjulwa Okucacile Kwasulwa Lapho Kukhula Amawele

Lapho amawele kaPollock eba neminyaka emihlanu ubudala - umkhawulo ojwayelekile lapho ukuphindukuzalwa kudlulela khona, ngokusho kwenkolelo ethile - izimpilo zabo zazingasaboshelwe odadewabo abafile. Izinkumbulo zabo zokuphila kwangaphambilini zasuswa ngokuphelele unomphela, njengokungathi babengakaze babe lapho. Yize, uGillian noJennifer banqamula ukuxhumana kwabo nokwedlule, namuhla cishe eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha kamuva, ukukhanya kwempicabadala yamaPollock Twins kusasabalala emhlabeni wonke.