Enkabeni yeLima, ePeru, kukhona umcebo ofihliwe - amangcwaba angaphansi kweBasilica kanye neConvent yaseSan Francisco. Le mihubhe yasendulo, eyakhiwa i-oda likaFrancisca ngo-1549, yasebenza njengamathuna edolobha ngesikhathi sobukoloni baseSpain. Amathuna ahlala ekhohliwe amakhulu eminyaka kwaze kwaba yilapho etholwa kabusha ngo-1951, futhi namuhla, ami njengobufakazi bomlando ocebile namagugu amasiko eLima.
Uhambo ngesikhathi
Imigede yaseLima: Ukwakhiwa nenjongo
Ngo-1546, kwaqala ukwakhiwa kwe-Basilica kanye neConvent yaseSan Francisco, amathuna ayingxenye ebalulekile yomklamo. Lamakamelo angaphansi komhlaba akhiwe ukuze asekele lesi sigodlo uma kwenzeka kuba nokuzamazama komhlaba, okwakuwusongo oluqhubekayo endaweni. Le migede yakhiwa ngokucophelela ukuze inikeze ukuzinza nesivikelo, kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwezakhamuzi phezu komhlaba.
Amathuna edolobha
Ngenkathi yaseSpain yasePeru, amathuna asebenza njengamathuna ayinhloko edolobha laseLima. Izindela zaseFrancisca zalalisa umufi emakamelweni angaphansi komhlaba, kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amangcwaba aba yindawo yokugcina yabantu ababalelwa ku-25,000. Kusukela kubantu abavamile kuya kwabacebile nabanegunya, abantu abavela kuzo zonke izizinda zokuphila bathola indawo yabo yokuhlala yaphakade kulezi zindawo ezingcwele.
Ukuvalwa nokutholakala kabusha
Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuna njengendawo yamathuna kwaphela ngo-1810, ngemva kweMpi Yenkululeko YasePeru. UGeneral Jose de San Martin, owayebalulekile ekulweleni inkululeko yasePeru, wavala ukusetshenziswa kwamathuna, nemigede yavalwa. Iminyaka eminingi, ukuba khona kwalezi zindlela ezingaphansi komhlaba kwahlala kulibaleka kwaze kwaba yilapho kutholakala kabusha okudabukisayo ngo-1951.
Ukwembula izimfihlakalo
Indawo engaphansi komhlaba
Amathuna angaphansi kwe-Basilica kanye ne-Convent yase-San Francisco awagcini nje endaweni yezindela kuphela. Anwebeka ngaphansi kwe-Lima, axhuma izimpawu zezwe ezihlukahlukene njengeSigodlo Sikahulumeni, Isigodlo Somthetho, kanye ne-Alameda de los Descalzos ngaphesheya koMfula iRímac. Le mihubhe exhumene yayisebenza njengendlela yokuthutha nokuxhumana, exhumanisa izakhiwo ezibalulekile futhi inikeze inethiwekhi efihlekile ngaphansi kobuso bedolobha.
Ukwenza imephu okungaziwa
Naphezu kwemizamo yokwenza imephu yonke le nkimbinkimbi ngo-1981, ubungako bangempela bemigede buyimfihlakalo. I-labyrinth engaphansi komhlaba idlulela ngalé kokucatshangwayo, ibalekela ukuhlola okuphelele kanye nemibhalo. Imigudu eholela emaphuzwini ahlukene enkabeni yenhloko-dolobha iyaqhubeka nokubaxabanisa izazi-mlando nabavubukuli, ibashiye nomsebenzi onzima wokwembula izimfihlo ezifihlwe ngaphakathi kwemigodi emnyama yemigodi.
Okutholakele ngaphakathi ekujuleni
Ngesikhathi kuhlolwa le migede, kwavubukulwa i-crypt okukholakala ukuthi yayiyindawo yokugcina izinhlamvu. Enye i-hypothesis iphakamisa ukuxhumana kwayo ne-Desamparados Church, eyakhiwe ngu-Viceroy Pedro Antonio Fernandez de Castro, i-10th Count of Lemos. Le crypt namanye amagumbi angaphakathi kwamathuna ayengaqukethe izinsalela zabantu kuphela kodwa futhi nezinto zobuciko eziyigugu kanye nengcebo, ebonisa injongo yawo ngale kokuba amathuna nje. Ochwepheshe abathunywe uMbuso WasePeru bakholelwa ukuthi le migede yayisetshenziswa njengendlela yokuvikela abantu bakule ndawo ekugetshengeni nasekuvikeleni impahla ebalulekile.
Ukugcina umlando
Isikhumbuzo samagugu
I-Basilica kanye ne-Convent yaseSan Francisco, kanye namangcwaba ayo, inokubaluleka okukhulu komlando namasiko. Ibhekwa njengenye yezikhumbuzo zamagugu ezibaluleke kakhulu esikhungweni esingokomlando saseLima. Ngokubona ukubaluleka kwayo, i-UNESCO yamemezela Isikhungo Somlando saseLima, kuhlanganise nesakhiwo saseSan Francisco, INdawo Eyigugu Yezwe ngo-December 9, 1988. Leli gama elihlonishwayo liqinisa indawo yamangcwaba emlandweni futhi ligcizelela isidingo sokulondolozwa nokuvikelwa kwawo.
Ukusuka emathuneni kuya emnyuziyamu
Ngo-1950, amathuna aphinde avulwa njengendawo yokugcina amagugu, okuvumela izivakashi ukuthi zihlole lo mhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba futhi zifunde ngedlule likaLima. Amathambo abantu abalinganiselwa ku-25,000 abangcwatshwe ngaphakathi kwamathuna ahlelwe aba amagumbi ahlukene ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwabo, okwenza isibonisi esiyingqayizivele nesishukumisa ingqondo. Amanye amathambo ahlelwe ngamaphethini obuciko, aqokomisa imizwa yobuciko yezindela zaseFrancisca ezawabeka ngokucophelela. Lokhu kuhlangana kokufa nobuciko kusebenza njengesikhumbuzo esithinta inhliziyo sokungapheleli kokuphila kanye nobuhle obuhlala njalo bokusungula komuntu.
Amazwi wokugcina
I-Catacombs yaseLima ekhohliwe ime njengofakazi bomlando ocebile namagugu amasiko edolobha. Kusukela ekwakhiweni kwawo ekhulwini le-16 kuya ekuvalweni kwawo njengendawo yamathuna ekhulwini le-19, nokutholwa kwawo kabusha ekhulwini lama-20, la magumbi angaphansi komhlaba aye abona ukuwohloka nokuhamba kwesikhathi. Namuhla, banikeza amazwibela esikhathi esedlule, okuvumela izivakashi ukuthi zixhumane nezindaba zalabo abeza ngaphambili. Imigedengu yaseLima iheha abahambi ukuthi bahlole ukujula kwabo okufihliwe, embula izimfihlakalo elele ngaphansi futhi egcina inkumbulo yenkathi edlule.
