I-Cochno Stone, etholakala eNtshonalanga Dunbartonshire, eScotland, kukholakala ukuthi iqukethe isibonelo esihle kunazo zonke sendebe ye-Bronze Age nemifanekiso eqoshwe ngendandatho eYurophu, enamakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo eziphothene, ama-indent aqoshiwe, imiklamo yejometri namaphethini adidayo ezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene.
I-Cochno Stone yabhalwa okokuqala ngo-1887 nguMfundisi James Harvey. Eminyakeni engu-78 kamuva, itshe langcwatshwa kabusha ngo-1965 ukuze livikeleke ekucekeleni phansi. Umfundisi uJames Harvey wathola itshe elingu-42ft by 26ft ngo-1887, ezinkundleni eziseduze nendawo manje osekuyisakhiwo sezindlu saseFaifley emaphethelweni eClydebank. Inama-indentations aqoshiwe angaba ngu-90 aziwa ngokuthi "inkomishi" kanye "nendandatho".
Izimpawu zendebe nendandatho ziwuhlobo lobuciko basendulo obuhlanganisa ukudangala kwe-concave kusikwa endaweni yedwala futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuzungezwe yiziyingi ezigxilile nazo eziqoshwe etsheni. Umsebenzi wobuciko ubonakala njenge-petroglyph emadwaleni emvelo nasematsheni angaphandle, kanye nakuma-megaliths afana nama-slab cest, izindandatho zamatshe, namathuna adlulayo.
INorthern England, Scotland, Ireland, Portugal, North West Spain, North West Italy, Central Greece, kanye neSwitzerland yizona zindawo ezivame kakhulu. Nokho, izinhlobonhlobo ezifanayo ziye zatholwa emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise naseMexico, eBrazil naseNdiya.
Inkomishi nezimpawu zendandatho etsheni laseCochno, okucatshangwa ukuthi selineminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-5,000 XNUMX ubudala, zihambisana nesiphambano esigxilile sangaphambi kobuKristu esibekwe phakathi kweqanda, kanye namapheya amabili emilobo yezinyawo eqoshiwe, ngayinye inezinzwane ezine nje. Ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwamamaki kulo, i-Cochno Stone imenyezelwe njengesikhumbuzo esihleliwe futhi ibalulekile ezweni lonke.
Izazi zemivubukulo azikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yini efanekiselwa oqwembeni olukhulu, olunemininingwane efana namaplanethi nezinkanyezi. Asikho isitatimende esiphelele esivela kubacwaningi mayelana nencazelo yezimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezitholakala ebusweni bayo. Ingabe imephu yesibhakabhaka noma yomhlaba? Noma ingabe i-altare lapho imicikilisho yayiqhutshelwa khona?
Nakuba ukubaluleka kwasekuqaleni kwe-Cochno Stone sekukhohliwe, kuye kwahlongozwa ukuqagela okuhlukahlukene mayelana nokuthi umsebenzi wawo wawuyini.
Abanye baze bathi i-slab empeleni iyingosi, yokuphila nokufa, efanekisela ukuzalwa kabusha. Nakuba abanye abavubukuli beye bathi imidwebo eyinkimbinkimbi yezindlu, imigqa, namasongo, iwukubonakaliswa kwasendulo kobuciko be-rock obutholakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, izimpawu zisukela ku-Neolithic kanye neNkathi Ye-Bronze yokuqala kodwa kunezinkomba ezithile ezitholakele kusukela ku-Iron Age.
Umcwaningi u-Alexander McCallum uphakamise ukuthi i-Cochno Stone imephu ebonisa ezinye izindawo zokuhlala e-Clyde Valley. Ngokuka-Alexander, izimpawu ezimangalisayo zisikhumbuza imibuthano emikhulu yezitshalo evame ukubizwa ngokuthi impucuko yangaphandle komhlaba.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-Cochno Stone ayizange ingcwatshwe, yafundwa futhi yangcwatshwa kabusha ngabavubukuli izikhathi eziningana. Bavubukule isayithi futhi basebenzisa uhlolovo lwesimanje kanye nokuthatha izithombe (ubuchwepheshe be-3D-imaging) ukuze baqophe umsebenzi wobuciko, bethemba ukuthi inani elikhulu ledatha abakwazile ukuyiqoqa lizosiza abanye abacwaningi ekuzameni ukuhumusha le migqa yasendulo eyindida. Ngakho-ke, incazelo yeCochno Stone ihlala iyimfihlakalo engaxazululeki kuze kube manje.
