U-Elizabeth Short, noma owaziwa kabanzi ngokuthi "uBlack Dahlia" wabulawa ngomhla ka-15 kuJanuwari 1947. Wayenqunyiwe futhi wanqunywa okhalweni, izingxenye ezimbili zihlukaniswe yinyawo. Kuthathwe ukuthi umbulali kumele ngabe wayeqeqeshelwe ubudokotela ngenxa yesimo esicocekile sokusikwa.
Impilo Yasekuqaleni Ka-Elizabeth Mfushane:
U-Elizabeth Short wazalwa ngoJulayi 29, 1924, eHyde Park, eMassachusetts. Ngokushesha nje emva kokuzalwa kwakhe, abazali bakhe bathuthela umndeni eMedford, eMassachusetts. UCleo Short, ubaba ka-Elizabeth, wayephila ngokuqamba nokwakha izifundo zegalufu elincane. Ngenkathi i-Great Depression ifika ngo-1929, washiya umkakhe, uPebeebe Short, namadodakazi akhe amahlanu. UCleo uqhubeke nokukhohlisa ngokuzibulala kwakhe, washiya imoto yakhe engenalutho eduze kwebhuloho elihola iziphathimandla zikholelwa ukuthi ugxumele emfuleni ongezansi.
UFebe washiywa ukuba abhekane nezikhathi ezinzima Zokucindezeleka futhi kwadingeka akhulise amantombazane amahlanu eyedwa. Ukondla umndeni wakhe, uPebeebe wasebenza imisebenzi eminingi, kepha iningi lemali yomndeni omfishane yayivela kusizo lomphakathi. Ngelinye ilanga uPebe wathola incwadi evela kuCleo, owayethuthele eCalifornia. Waxolisa futhi watshela uFebe ukuthi ufuna ukuza ekhaya kuye; nokho wenqaba ukuphinde ambone.
U-Elizabeth, owaziwa ngokuthi “uBetty,” “uBette,” noma “uBeth,” wakhula waba intombazane enhle. Wayehlala etshelwa ukuthi ubukeka emdala futhi esebenza evuthiwe kakhulu kunalokho ayenjalo ngempela. Yize u-Elizabeth ayenezinkinga zesifuba somoya kanye namaphaphu, abangane bakhe babesamthatha njengomuntu ophilayo. U-Elizabeth wayegxile kumabhayisikobho, okwakuwumthombo omkhulu wokuzijabulisa ongabizi emndenini omfishane. Inkundla yemidlalo yamvumela ukuba aphunyuke ekudabukeni kwempilo ejwayelekile.
Uhambo oluya eCalifornia:
Lapho u-Elizabeth esemdala, uCleo wanikela ngokuhlala naye eCalifornia waze wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi. U-Elizabeth wayekade esebenza ezindaweni zokudlela nasemathiyetha esikhathini esedlule, kepha wayazi ukuthi ufuna ukuba ngunkanyezi uma ethuthela eCalifornia. Eqhutshwa wumdlandla wakhe wamabhayisikobho, u-Elizabeth wapakisha izinto zakhe futhi wayohlala noCleo eVallejo, eCalifornia ekuqaleni kuka-1943. Akuzange kuthathe isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ubuhlobo babo bube nenkinga. Ubaba wakhe wayemthethisa ngobuvila bakhe, ukungahlonzi kahle ezindlini, kanye nemikhuba yakhe yokujola. Ekugcineni waxosha u-Elizabeth maphakathi no-1943, futhi waphoqeleka ukuba azondle.
U-Elizabeth wafaka isicelo somsebenzi wokuthola imali ePost Exchange eCamp Cooke. Amasosha ambona ngokushesha, futhi wawina isihloko esithi “Camp Cutie of Camp Cooke” emncintiswaneni wonobuhle. Kodwa-ke, u-Elizabeth wayesengozini ngokomzwelo futhi wayelangazelela ubuhlobo obuhlala njalo obuvalelwe emshadweni. Kwasabalala izindaba zokuthi u-Elizabeth wayengeyona intombazane “elula,” eyayimgcina ekhaya kunokuba ahlale ezinsukwini eziningi ebusuku. Waqala ukungakhululeki eCamp Cooke futhi washiya wayohlala nentombi yakhe eyayihlala ngaseSanta Barbara.
U-Elizabeth waba nokujahana kwakhe nomthetho kuphela ngalesi sikhathi, ngoSepthemba 23, 1943. Wayekade ephuma neqembu labangane ababedungekile endaweni yokudlela kuze kube yilapho abanikazi bebiza amaphoyisa. U-Elizabeth wayemncane ngaleso sikhathi, ngakho-ke wabhukwa futhi wathathelwa iminwe kodwa akazange akhokhiswe. Iphoyisa lamdabukela futhi lahlela ukuba u-Elizabeth abuyiselwe eMassachusetts. Akubanga isikhathi esingakanani u-Elizabeth abuyele eCalifornia, kulokhu eHollywood.
ELos Angeles, u-Elizabeth wahlangana nomshayeli wendiza ogama lakhe linguLieutenant Gordon Fickling futhi bathandana. Wayeluhlobo lwendoda ayekade eyifuna futhi ngokushesha wenza amacebo okushada naye. Kodwa-ke, amacebo akhe amiswa lapho uFickling ethunyelwa eYurophu.
U-Elizabeth wathatha imisebenzi embalwa yokumodela kodwa wazizwa edangele ngomsebenzi wakhe. Ubuyele empumalanga wayochitha amaholide eMedford ngaphambi kokuhlala nezihlobo eMiami. Waqala ukuthandana namasosha, umshado usengqondweni yakhe, waphinda wathandana nomshayeli wendiza, kulokhu ogama lakhe linguMajor Matt Gordon. Wathembisa ukumshada ngemuva kokuthi ethunyelwe eNdiya. Kodwa-ke, uGordon wabulawa esenzweni, washiya u-Elizabeth enenhliziyo ebuhlungu futhi. U-Elizabeth wayenesikhathi sokulila lapho etshela abanye ukuthi uMatt empeleni wayengumyeni wakhe nokuthi ingane yabo ishonele ekubelethweni. Lapho eqala ukululama, wazama ukubuyela empilweni yakhe yakudala ngokuxhumana nabangane bakhe baseHollywood.
Omunye walabo bangane kwakunguGordon Fickling, owayeyisoka lakhe langaphambili. Ukumbona njengomuntu ongangena esikhundleni sikaMat Gordon, waqala ukumbhalela futhi wahlangana naye eChicago ngenkathi esedolobheni izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngokushesha ubesemwela ekhanda. U-Elizabeth wavuma ukumjoyina eLong Beach ngaphambi kokuba abuyele eCalifornia aqhubeke nokufeza iphupho lakhe lokuba semamuvini.
U-Elizabeth wasuka eLos Angeles ngoDisemba 8, 1946, wagibela ibhasi eliya eSan Diego. Ngaphambi kokuba ahambe, kuthiwa u-Elizabeth wayekhathazekile ngokuthile. U-Elizabeth wayehlala noMark Hansen, owasho okulandelayo lapho ebuzwa imibuzo ngoDisemba 16, 1949, nguFrank Jemison.
UFrank Jemison: "Ngenkathi esahlala eCancellor Apartments, wabuya weza kwakho wathola izincwadi?"
UMark Hansen: “Angimbonanga kodwa wayehleli lapho ngobunye ubusuku ngenkathi ngifika ekhaya, no-Ann cishe ngo-5: 30, 6: 00 ngehora - ehleli ekhala ethi kufanele aphume lapho. Ubekhala ngokusaba - into eyodwa nenye into, angazi. ”
Ngenkathi u-Elizabeth eseSan Diego, wazwana nentokazi egama linguDorothy French. UDorothy wayeyintombazanyana e-Aztec Theatre futhi wayethole u-Elizabeth elele kwesinye sezihlalo ngemuva kombukiso wakusihlwa. U-Elizabeth utshele uDorothy ukuthi ushiye iHollywood ngoba ukuthola umsebenzi njengomlingisi kwakunzima ngeziteleka zomlingisi ezazenzeka ngaleso sikhathi. UDorothy wamdabukela futhi wamnikeza indawo yokuhlala ekhaya likanina izinsuku ezimbalwa. Eqinisweni, u-Elizabeth wagcina elele lapho isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga.
Ngenkathi u-Elizabeth eseSan Diego, wazwana nentokazi egama linguDorothy French. UDorothy wayeyintombazanyana e-Aztec Theatre futhi wayethole u-Elizabeth elele kwesinye sezihlalo ngemuva kombukiso wakusihlwa. U-Elizabeth utshele uDorothy ukuthi ushiye iHollywood ngoba ukuthola umsebenzi njengomlingisi kwakunzima ngeziteleka zomlingisi ezazenzeka ngaleso sikhathi. UDorothy wamdabukela futhi wamnikeza indawo yokuhlala ekhaya likanina izinsuku ezimbalwa. Eqinisweni, u-Elizabeth wagcina elele lapho isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga.
Izinsuku Zokugcina Ezimfishane:
U-Elizabeth wenza umsebenzi omncane wasekhaya womndeni waseFrance futhi waqhubeka nemikhuba yakhe yokuzijabulisa ebusuku nokujola. Omunye wabantu abathandana naye kwakunguRobert “Red” Manley, umthengisi waseLos Angeles owayenenkosikazi ekhulelwe ekhaya. UManley uvumile ukuthi ukhangwa ngu-Elizabeth kodwa wathi akazange alale naye. Bobabili babonana on-and-off amasonto ambalwa, futhi u-Elizabeth wamcela ukuba agibele abuyele eHollywood. UManley wavuma futhi wamlanda emndenini waseFrance ngoJanuwari 8, 1947. Wamkhokhela igumbi lehhotela ngalobo busuku waya naye ephathini. Lapho bobabili bebuyela ehhotela, yena walala embhedeni, u-Elizabeth walala esihlalweni.
UManley ubebekelwe isikhathi ekuseni ngoJanuwari 9 wabuyela ehhotela eyolanda u-Elizabeth cishe emini. Wamtshela ukuthi ubuyela eMassachusetts kodwa okokuqala kudingeka ahlangane nodadewabo oshadile eBiltmore Hotel eHollywood. UManley wamyisa lapho kodwa akazange anamathele. Ubenesivumelwano ngo-6: 30 ntambama futhi akazange alinde ukuthi kufike udadewabo ka-Elizabeth. Lapho uManley ebona u-Elizabeth ekugcineni, wayeshaya ucingo endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi yasehhotela. Ngemuva kwalokho, wavele wanyamalala.
Ukutholwa Komzimba Omfushane Ochithiwe:
UManley nabasebenzi basehhotela babengabantu bokugcina ukubona u-Elizabeth Short esaphila. Ngokwazi koMnyango Wamaphoyisa waseLos Angeles (LAPD), umbulali ka-Elizabeth kuphela owambona ngemuva kukaJanuwari 9, 1947. Wayelahlekile izinsuku eziyisithupha eBiltmore Hotel ngaphambi kokuba isidumbu sakhe sitholwe endaweni engenamuntu ekuseni ngoJanuwari 15. , Ngo-1947.
Isidumbu sika-Elizabeth Short sitholakale eLeimert Park, eLos Angeles ngumhlali wakule ndawo nendodakazi yakhe. Owesifazane owamthola wayekholelwa ukuthi isidumbu sikaBlack Dahlia sasiyinto eyinduna ngenxa yesikhumba sakhe esiphaphathekile ngemuva kokukhishwa igazi. Isimo sobugebengu sika-Elizabeth Short sasihleliwe. Ubekwe izandla ekhanda nemilenze yakhe isakazekile. Wayephucwe nophethiloli ukuze asuse ubufakazi bocwaningo lwasendaweni yaseBlack Dahlia.
Uphenyo Lwamacala:
U-Elizabeth Short wayiswa emakhazeni lapho kwahlolwa khona isidumbu ukuthi imbangela yokushaywa okuphindaphindiwe ekhanda nokwethuka ngenxa yokopha. Bekukhona namamaki omzimba atholakala ezihlakaleni nasemaqakaleni nezicubu zakhe zisusiwe esifubeni sakhe. Wathola lesi sidlaliso njengoBlack Dahlia ngemuva kokuba umnikazi wesitolo etshele abezindaba ukuthi lesi kwakuyisidlaliso sakhe phakathi kwamakhasimende wesilisa ngenxa yezinwele zakhe ezimnyama nezingubo ezimnyama.
Ngubani owabulala u-Elizabeth Short?
Ehola:
Ngenxa yendlela u-Elizabeth Short ahlukaniswa ngayo kabili, i-LAPD yayiqinisekile ukuthi umbulali wakhe wayenohlobo oluthile lokuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha. I-University of Southern California ithobele i-LAPD futhi yabathumela uhlu lwabafundi babo bezokwelapha.
Kodwa-ke, umsolwa wokuqala oboshelwe ukubulala u-Elizabeth Short wayengeyena omunye wabafundi bezokwelapha. Igama lakhe kwakunguRobert “Red” Manley. UManley wayengomunye wabantu bokugcina ukubona u-Elizabeth Short esaphila. Ngenxa yokuthi i-alibi yakhe kaJanuwari 14 no-15 yayiqinile futhi ngenxa yokuthi waphasa izivivinyo ezimbili zamathuluzi wamanga, i-LAPD yamyeka.
Abasolwa Nokuvuma:
Ngenxa yenkinga yecala iBlack Dahlia, abaphenyi bokuqala babephatha wonke umuntu owayazi u-Elizabeth Short njengomsolwa. NgoJuni 1947 amaphoyisa ayeselucubungulile futhi walususa uhlu lwabasolwa abangamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu. NgoDisemba 1948 abaphenyi base becubungule abasolwa abayi-192 sebebonke. Kubo, babalelwa ku-60 abantu abavuma icala lokubulawa kukaBlack Dahlia, ngenxa yomvuzo wama- $ 10,000 owathunyelwa. Kodwa bangu-22 kuphela abantu ababhekwe njengabasolwa abasebenza kahle yi-Los Angeles District Attorney kodwa iziphathimandla zehlulekile ukukhomba umbulali wokuqala.
Labo abanamagama anesibindi nabo bakhona ohlwini lwabasolwa njengamanje:
- UMark Hansen
- UCarl Balsinger
- C. Isi-Welsh
- USergeant “Chuck” (igama alaziwa)
- UJohn D. Wade
- UJoe Scalis
- UJames Nimmo
- UMaurice Clement
- Iphoyisa laseChicago
- USalvador Torres Vera (umfundi wezokwelapha)
- Udokotela uGeorge Hodel
- UMarvin Margolis (umfundi wezokwelapha)
- UGlenn Wolf
- UMichael Anthony Otero
- UGeorge Bacos
- UFrancis Campbell
- “Udokotela Ohlinzayo Wesifazane”
- Udokotela uPaul DeGaston
- Udokotela AE Brix
- Udokotela MM Schwartz
- UDokotela Arthur McGinnis Faught
- Udokotela uPatrick S. O'Reilly
Omunye ovumile ukuvuma izono zakhe wathi ungumbulali wakhe, wabiza iphephandaba kanye noMhloli ukuthi asho ukuthi uzozinikela ngemuva kokuqhubeka nokudlala namaphoyisa nokunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi ungumbulali wakhe.
Uthumele izinto zakhe eziningi kuleli phephandaba nazo ezigezwe ngophethiloli, nokuholele ekutheni amaphoyisa akholelwe ukuthi umbulali wakhe lo. Izigxivizo zeminwe ezitholakale encwadini zalimala ngaphambi kokuba zikwazi ukuhlaziywa. Eduzane kutholakale isikhwama nesicathulo okukholakala ukuthi ngesika-Elizabeth, nakho kwagezwa ngophethiloli.
Idayari kaMark Hansen yathunyelwa ephephandabeni kanti wabhekwa njengomsolwa kafushane ngaphambi kokuba anikwe imvume yokuba ngamaphoyisa. Izintambo zezinye izincwadi zathunyelwa ku-Examiner naku-The Herald-Express zivela "kumbulali" ngesikhathi nendawo lapho ayezozinikela khona. Incwadi yayifundeka kanje: “Ngizoyeka ukubulala uDahlia uma ngithola iminyaka eyishumi. Ungazami ukungithola. ” Lokhu akukaze kwenzeke futhi kuthunyelwe enye incwadi ethi “yena” ushintshe umqondo.
Abasolwa Bamanje:
Ngenkathi abanye babasolwa bokuqala abangamashumi amabili nambili behlisiwe, abasolwa abasha nabo bavelile. Laba basolwa abalandelayo kuxoxiswane ngabo ngababhali nochwepheshe abehlukene kanti njengamanje kubhekwe ukuthi bangabasolwa abakhulu ngokubulawa kukaBlack Dahlia:
- UWalter Bayley
- UNorman Chandler
- ULeslie Dillon
- U-Ed Burns
- UJoseph A. Dumais
- UMark Hansen
- UGeorge Hodel
- UGeorge Knowlton
- URobert M. "Red" Manley
- UPatrick S. O'Reilly
- UJack Anderson Wilson
Isiphetho:
Kunenqwaba yabasolwa beBlack Dahlia ababhekene nokufa kuka-Elizabeth Short. ULeslie Dillon wabhekwa njengomsolwa oqinile ngabaningi ngenxa yokuqeqeshwa kwakhe emakhazeni. Wayengumngani kaMark Hansen futhi kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi wayazi ngezenzo ezingekho emthethweni zabangani. Kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi lesi sigameko senzeke e-Aster Motel eLos Angeles. Kutholakale igumbi eligcwele igazi ngesikhathi sokubulala.
UGeorge Hodel uthathwe njengomsolwa ngenxa yokuqeqeshelwa ubudokotela kanti ucingo lwakhe belubanjwa. Waqoshwa ukusho “U-Supposin 'ngabulala iBlack Dahlia. Abakwazanga ukukufakazela manje. Abakwazi ukukhuluma nonobhala wami ngoba ushonile. ” Indodana yakhe nayo ikholwa ukuthi ibingumbulali futhi ibhala ukuthi umbhalo wayo wesandla ucishe ufane nezincwadi ezitholwe yiThe Herald.
Ekugcineni, icala elifushane lika-Elizabeth alisaxazululwa kuze kube yilolu suku, futhi liqoshwa njengelinye lamacala abanda kakhulu emhlabeni.
