Ngo-1985, abagibeli bezintaba ababekhuphuka intaba yase-Argentina i-Aconcagua bahlangabezane nokutholakala okunyantisayo: umfana oneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, obekwe iqhwa endaweni isikhathi eside. Abavubukuli babikelwa base bemba isidumbu.
Ucwaningo olwalandela lwabonisa ukuthi umfana wase-Aconcagua wanikelwa njengengxenye yesiko lama-Incan eminyakeni engu-500 ngaphambili futhi wayelondolozwe ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokubanda kwentaba futhi okomile. Muva nje, inhlolovo ye-DNA ye-mitochondrial yomfana we-Aconcagua iveze ukuthi wayeyilungu lezakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Melika ezacishe zaqedwa ngemva kokunqotshwa kweSpain kweNew World.
Isiko lomhlatshelo wezingane elaziwa ngokuthi i-capacocha laholela ekufeni komfana wase-Aconcagua. Kukholakala ukuthi ubulawe ngokushaywa ekhanda. Izidumbu eziningana ezixhunyaniswe nalesi siko, zitholwe zihlakazekile kuyo yonke indawo yase-Inca, kodwa umfana wase-Aconcagua ugqama njengomunye wabagcinwe kahle kakhulu, njengoba kuphethwe ngu-Antonio Salas, isazi sofuzo somuntu saseNyuvesi yaseSantiago de Compostela eSpain. Ushone endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-5,300 XNUMX, kwesinye sezimo zezulu ezome kakhulu eMhlabeni. Lokhu kwanika uSalas ithemba lokuthi umama kungenzeka ukuthi useneminonjana ye-DNA.
U-Salas nethimba lakhe bakwazile ukudonsa i-mitochondrial genome ephelele (ehlanganiswe nezakhi zofuzo zefa likamama ezingama-37) kwelinye lamaphaphu kamama. Lesi kwakuyisinyathelo esihlakaniphile, kuphawula u-Bastien Llamas, isazi sofuzo saseNyuvesi yase-Adelaide e-Australia ofunda ngezibalo zabantu baseNingizimu Melika kusukela kudala, njengoba kunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka.
ULlamas, obengeyona ingxenye yocwaningo, uveze ukuthi lo mama ubengakaze aphathwe ngumuntu selokhu atholakala, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukusuleleka kwabantu akade bewulungisa. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ithimba lakhe alizange lethule noma iyiphi i-DNA yabo ekutholeni, u-Salas wenza i-genotype yawo wonke amalungu eqembu locwaningo.
Lapho uSalas ehlola i-DNA ye-mitochondrial yomfana wase-Aconcagua, yembula i-genome eyayihlukile kunoma yini uSalas ayeyibonile ngaphambili. Iphethini yomfana yokuhlukahluka kofuzo kwakungokwenani labantu elibizwa ngokuthi i-C1b, esukela ezindaweni zakudala zasePaleoindian eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-18,000 edlule. I-C1b yakhiwe ngamaqembu amancane amaningi ahlukene, ngalinye lawo lase lihlukanisiwe ngenxa yokusabalala kwezindawo futhi lathuthukisa izici zalo ezihlukile.
Kodwa-ke, i-genome yomfana we-Aconcagua ayizange ingene kunoma iyiphi yazo. Esikhundleni salokho, ubeyingxenye yeqembu elingaziwa labantu bomdabu baseNingizimu Melika, uSalas nethimba lakhe abaliqambe ngokuthi i-C1b.i futhi abakholelwa ukuthi yaqala e-Andes eminyakeni engaba ngu-14,000 XNUMX edlule. Bashicilele abakutholile kujenali Imibiko yeSayensi.
Ocwaningweni lwakhe kuzo zombili izinqolobane zofuzo zakudala nezamanje, u-Salas uhlonze abantu abane ababonakala bengabe-C1bi iqembu. Kulaba abane, abathathu ngabantu banamuhla abavela ePeru naseBolivia, kanti isampula lesine livela kumuntu waseWari Empire. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-C1bi kuyivelakancane namuhla. Noma kunjalo, ukutholakala kwamasampula amabili e-DNA asendulo alolu hlobo kusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyindawo evamile esikhathini esidlule.
Ngokuka-Andres Moreno-Estrada, isazi sezakhi zofuzo sabantu saseMexico National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity in Irapuato owayengahileleki ocwaningweni, Uma wenza isampula yomuntu oyedwa noma ababili, “angakanani amathuba okuthi ukhethe umuntu ongavamile?” uthena. "Kungenzeka ukuthi ukhetha umuntu ojwayelekile."
U-Llamas akazange amangale ukuthi iqembu lofuzo okungenzeka ukuthi langaphambi kwe-Columbian licishe lashabalala ngemuva kokuvela kwabaseSpain. "Kufika ku-90% waboMdabu baseNingizimu Melika bafa ngokushesha okukhulu" ngemuva kokunqotshwa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo, waphawula, "Ungacabanga ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zofuzo nazo zalahleka." Ikakhulukazi emazweni aseMelika, lapho ukwehla okukhulu kangaka kwenani labantu kwalandelwa amakhulu eminyaka yokuhlanganiswa kwemibuthano yaseYurophu, amaNdiya aseMelika, neyase-Afrika, izakhi zofuzo zabantu banamuhla “azikumeleli ngokwethembeka lokho okwenzeka esikhathini esidlule. ” Kusho uSalas. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-genome yomfana we-Aconcagua “ibonakala eminyakeni engu-500 edlule.”
UWilson, umvubukuli waseNyuvesi yaseBradford e-UK ofundela izidumbu ze-capacocha futhi engeyona ingxenye yomsebenzi wamanje, uyaphawula, “Kunjengokungathi i-Inca ibeka amasampula ofuzo endaweni engaba yiqhwa ejulile ngathi.” U-Salas akahlosile ukumosha leli thuba futhi manje usebenza nge-genome yenuzi ephelele yomfana we-Aconcagua, onganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nesihlahla somndeni wakhe kanye nokwakheka kwakhe kofuzo okuhlukile.
Uhlose nokulandelanisa i-DNA yawo wonke amagciwane asemathunjini kamama, okuhlanganisa ne-microbiome yakhe kanye nanoma yimaphi amagciwane angase abe nawo. Lokhu kungasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi ama-microorganisms - ayingozi futhi anenzuzo - avele kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. UWilson unethemba lokuthi izifundo ezifanayo zingenziwa kwamanye ama-capacocha mummies. "Impela bayizithunywa ezimangalisayo zasendulo."
Ucwaningo lwashicilelwa ekuqaleni kujenali Imibiko yeSayensi ngoNovemba 12 2015.
