Enkabeni ye-United Kingdom, umdwebo ocebile wezikhumbuzo zasendulo weluka ukulandisa okuthakazelisayo kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwempucuko. Uma sibuyela emuva esikhathini lapho la mazwe ayeyikhaya lenqwaba yamasiko ezizwe, lezi zinsalela zinikeza amazwibela ngezwe elicwile ezingqondweni nasezingqondweni nasemvelweni. Kusukela ezindundumeni zokungcwaba kanye nama-megaliths kuya e-Stonehenge edumile, lezi zinsalela zifanekisela isixhumanisi esibonakalayo phakathi kwesimanjemanje nesedlule. Nokho, okunye okutholwe okungavamile okunjalo, kuhlukile, akuklanywanga ngamatshe, kodwa ngokhuni! Lesi sihloko sembula indida ezungeze lesi sikhumbuzo sasendulo esingaqondakali, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Seahenge.
Ukulandelela izimpande ze-Seahenge
Ibekwe ogwini olusempumalanga ye-UK, idolobhana elinokuthula lase-Holme-next-the-Sea, eNorfolk, libukeka njengendawo engathandeki yokutholwa kwemvubukulo okudabukisayo. Nokho, ngo-1998, le dolobhana elinokuthula lasolwandle laba isizinda sokunakwa komhlaba wonke lapho umvubukuli wendawo oyimfundamakhwela, u-John Lorimer, ethela phezu kwembazo ye-Bronze Age ogwini. Emangele, uLorimer waqhubeka nokuhlola kwakhe, okwaholela ekutholeni okuphawuleka nakakhulu—isiphunzi sesihlahla esiphendukile siphuma ogwini olunesihlabathi.
Njengoba igagasi lihlehla, isimo sangempela sesiphunzi sabonakala—sasiyingxenye yohlelo oluyisiyingi olungakaze lubonwe kuze kube manje lwezigxobo zokhuni nesiphunzi esiphendukile emnyombweni waso. Lokhu kutholwa okungalindelekile kwathatha ngokushesha ukunaka kwabavubukuli abangochwepheshe, abafika ngokushesha endaweni yesigameko ukuze baveze ububanzi obugcwele balokhu okutholwe okumangalisayo.
I-Seahenge: Indalo yeBronze Age ehlukile
I-Seahenge, njengoba yaziwa kanjalo, yayingeyona nje into eyingqayizivele kodwa futhi yakudala ngendlela emangalisayo. Ukuqomisana nge-Radiocarbon kwembula ukuthi umbuthano wezingodo wakhiwa cishe ngo-2049 BC ngesikhathi seBronze Age, iqiniso elinqunywe ngokuhlola ubudala bezihlahla ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni.
Itshe lesikhumbuzo lihlanganisa iziqu ze-oki ezihlukanisiwe ezingamashumi amahlanu nanhlanu ezihlelwe kuyindilinga ehlanganisa cishe amamitha angu-7 x 6 (23 by 20 feet). Ngokuthakazelisayo, iziqu zahlukaniswa zaba uhafu zibheke phezulu, zabekwa uhlangothi lwegxolo eliyindilinga lubheke ngaphandle kanye nohlangothi oluyisicaba ngaphakathi, ngaphandle kwesiqu esisodwa, esasibekwe ngokulandelana.
I-trunk ethile yayinemfoloko emise okuka-Y, idala indawo yokungena ewumngcingo endaweni ebiyelwe. Ngaphambi kwalokhu kuvuleka kwakumi esinye isiqu, esinikeza umgoqo obonakalayo kumbuthano ongaphakathi. Phakathi kwesiyingi sokhuni kwakuvalelwe isiphunzi sesihlahla esiphendukile esingokomfanekiso, nezimpande zaso zifinyelela esibhakabhakeni.
Ukuqopha inhloso ye-Seahenge
Ukwembula inhloso ye-Seahenge kube umzamo oyinselele kubavubukuli kanye nezazi-mlando ngokufanayo. Ukuvumelana okukhona kukhomba emsebenzini ongokwesiko, okungenzeka uhlobene nemikhuba yokungcwaba Yenkathi Yethusi.
Enye inkolelo-mbono iphakamisa ukuthi i-Seahenge yayisetshenziselwa ukungcwatshwa, umkhuba wasendulo womngcwabo ohlanganisa ukukhishwa kwenyama emizimbeni, okufana nokungcwatshwa kwesimanje kwesibhakabhaka saseTibet. Abafile cishe babebekwe phezu kwesiphunzi esiphendukile, bechayeka emazingeni okushisa nezinyoni ezifile. Lo mkhuba uphakamisa inkolelo yokuqhubeka komoya ngemva kokubola komzimba, nezinsalela zidliwe futhi zihlakazwe izinyoni ezidla inyama.
Ukwengeza, i-Seahenge kungenzeka isebenze njengendawo yemikhosi, ukwakheka kwayo okufanekisela umngcele phakathi kokuphila nokufa, phakathi komhlaba ofayo kanye nombuso ongale. Ukuba seduze kwayo nolwandle kusikisela ukuthi abantu beNkathi Yethusi kungenzeka babone ulwandle njengonqenqema lomhlaba, kanti ukuphila kwangemva kokufa kudlulele ngale komkhathizwe.
Nokho, ubunjalo benhloso kaSeahenge yasekuqaleni, kuseyimpicabadala. Nokho, ukubaluleka kwaso okungenakuphikwa ezakhamuzini zasendulo zakule ndawo kubonakala eklanyweni elingokomfanekiso lesikhumbuzo nokwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Imininingwane nge-Bronze Age Britain
I-Seahenge ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile ezimpilweni zabantu be-Bronze Age eBrithani. Izingodo ezigciniwe zinikeza ubufakazi obuphathekayo bamasu asetshenziswa yilaba bakhi bakuqala. Amamaki abonakalayo eziqwini aphakamisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimbazo zethusi, okungenzeka ukuthi zithathwe endaweni yaseCornwall, okubonisa ubudlelwano bokuhweba phakathi kwezizwe.
Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luphakamisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kweSeahenge kwakuyisigameko esibalulekile, okungenzeka sibandakanya abasebenzi abaningi, okungenzeka babe ngabantu abangaba ngu-50. Lokhu okutholakele kugqamisa ukuba khona kwemiphakathi eqinile kanye nokujwayelana namaphrojekthi amakhulu okwakha kuNkathi Yethusi.
Izindawo zokuhlala e- Seahenge
Ucwaningo lukhomba ukuthi indawo ezungezile yaseSeahenge ibe nezinguquko ezinkulu kusukela yakhiwa. Ekuqaleni, leli tshe lesikhumbuzo cishe lakhiwa phakathi nezwe, phezu koxhaxha lukasawoti noma olwandle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli xhaphozi lashintsha laba ixhaphozi elinamanzi ahlanzekile, lakhuthaza ukukhula kwezihlahla kanye nokwakheka kwezingqimba ze-peat. Njengoba amazinga olwandle ekhuphuka, lezi zingqimba ze-peat zazicwiliswa futhi zimbozwe yisihlabathi, zilondoloza kahle izinsalela ze-Seahenge.
Naphezu kwamathuba alinganiselwe okumba, ezinye izinto zobuciko eziyigugu zatholwa eduze kwaseSeahenge, okuhlanganisa nezindengezi zobumba zeBronze Age, okuphakamisa ukuthi le ndawo yayisasetshenziswa emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa ngemva kokwakhiwa kwayo kokuqala.
Inkulumompikiswano ngekusasa likaSeahenge
Ukutholwa kukaSeahenge kwasusa impikiswano eshubile mayelana nokulondolozwa nobunikazi bayo. Umphakathi wendawo ubunethemba lokuthi uzoligcina leli tshe lesikhumbuzo futhi uhehe izivakashi kulesi sifunda. Ngokuphambene, 'ama-Druid anamuhla' kanye 'nama-Neopagan' aphikisana nanoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwendawo, kuyilapho abavubukuli belwela ukugcinwa kwayo emnyuziyamu.
Ukungqubuzana kudonse ukunaka okukhulu kwabezindaba, kwaze kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba wenkantolo enkulu evimbela ababhikishi ukuthi basondele endaweni. Ekugcineni, ithimba le-English Heritage likwazile ukumba nokukhipha izinsalela ze-Seahenge, naphezu kokuphikiswa okunamandla okuvela emaqenjini ahlukene.
Isimo samanje se-Seahenge
Izinsalela ze-Seahenge zathuthwa ukuze zigcinwe esikhungweni senkambu se-Fenland Archaeology Trust e-Flag Fen, e-Cambridgeshire. Lapha, babecwiliswa emanzini ahlanzekile ukuze bahlanzeke, bathwetshulwe futhi bagcinwe. Kwasetshenziswa indlela entsha yokulondoloza, ukucwiliswa kwezingodo emanzini afakwe i-wax emulsified, ngokuphumelelayo esikhundleni somswakama wokhuni kufakwe ingcina. Ngo-2008, umfanekiso we-Seahenge wabukiswa e-King's Lynn Museum e-King's Lynn.
I-Seahenge: Isixhumanisi esingapheli
I-Seahenge akuyona ukuphela kwendilinga yokhuni etholwe eNgilandi. Umjikelezo wesibili, omncane wamapulangwe watholakala endaweni eyikhulu nje yamamitha empumalanga ye-Seahenge, ogcizelela ukubaluleka kwalezi zakhiwo e-Bronze Age Britain, ikakhulukazi e-East Anglia.
Lezi zingcebo zemivubukulo zinikeza imininingwane ebalulekile kumasiko eNkathi Ye-Bronze yase-Europe, eveza umphakathi oxhumene ngokujulile nemvelo, ocwile emfihlakalweni, futhi okwazi ukwenza imisebenzi emangalisayo yezakhiwo. Njengoba i-Seahenge manje isilondoloziwe, lokhu kuxhumana nenkathi yethu yasendulo akusaphelelwa yisikhathi.
