Ithimba lososayensi bamazwe ngamazwe lithole uhlobo lwezintuthwane olwalungaziwa ngaphambili olwalumbozwe ocezwini oluyingqayizivele lwenhlaka oluvela e-Afrika. Ukusebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya we-X-ray we-PETRA III eJalimane Electron Synchrotron (DESY) eHamburg abacwaningi, abavela eFriedrich Schiller University Jena, University of Rennes eFrance, University of Gdansk ePoland, kanye neHelmholtz-Zentrum Hereon eGeesthacht, eJalimane, yayihlole izinsalela zezinsalela ezibalulekile zezilwane ezingu-13 ezitholakala enhlaka futhi yaqaphela ukuthi zazingenakubangelwa noma yiziphi izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezaziwa ngaphambili.
Igama elinikezwe uhlobo olusha nohlobo ngu “† Desyopone hereon gen. et sp. no." Ngale ndlela, ososayensi bahlonipha izikhungo ezimbili zocwaningo ezihilelekile—i-DESY kanye ne-Hereon—ezanikela ngokuphawulekayo kulokhu kutholwa ngosizo lwezindlela zesimanje zokuthwebula izithombe. Ekugcineni, kwaba nokwenzeka kuphela ukuhlonza uhlobo olusha nohlobo ngokuhlanganiswa kwedatha ebanzi ye-phenotype evela kumaskeni kanye nokutholwe kwakamuva okuvela ekuhlaziyweni kofuzo lwezintuthwane eziphilayo. Ithimba libika ngokutholakala kwalo kujenali yocwaningo Izinambuzane.
I-Ponerinae esikhundleni se-Aneuretinae
Ukuqhathaniswa kokuqala kwe-anatomical kwaholela ososayensi ekucabangeni ukuthi izilwane zaziwuhlobo lwe-Aneuretinae, umndeni ongaphansi kwezintuthwane owaziwayo kuze kube manje kuphela ngezinsalela zamathambo futhi ngokusebenzisa uhlobo olulodwa oluphilayo oluvela eSri Lanka. Kodwa babuyekeze lokhu kuhlonza ngenxa yezithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu ezitholwe i-synchrotron micro-computed tomography.
“Ingxenye yokhalo oluyinkimbinkimbi kanye nama-mandibles amakhulu kodwa angajwayelekile—izingxenye zomlomo—sijwayelene kakhulu ne-Ponerinae, iqembu elibusa izintuthwane ezidla ezinye,” kusho uBrendon Boudinot, okwamanje osebenza eNyuvesi yaseJena kuHumboldt Research Fellowship. . “Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sinikeze uhlobo olusha nohlobo kulo mndeni omncane, nakuba unokubukeka okuyingqayizivele, njengoba ukhalo olude kanye nesisu esingaboshiwe kufana kakhulu ne-Aneuretinae.”
Imiphumela yamanje yocwaningo iphinde ibe nomthelela ekubekeni izintuthwane zesilisa kakhulu ngaphansi kokukhanya kocwaningo lokuziphendukela kwemvelo. “Ngenxa yokuthi zinomzimba ohlukile uma uziqhathanisa nezintuthwane ezisebenzayo, zonke zingabesifazane, ucwaningo selunesikhathi eside lunganaki. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abesilisa bavame ukunganakwa ngoba abakwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngendlela efanele,” kusho uchwepheshe wezintuthwane uBoudinot. "Imiphumela yethu ayigcini nje ngokubuyekeza izincwadi zokuhlonza izintuthwane zesilisa, kodwa futhi ikhombisa ukuthi ngokuqonda izici eziqondene nabesilisa, njengokuma okuqondene nocansi kwe-mandible, singakwazi ukufunda kabanzi mayelana namaphethini wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wezintuthwane zesifazane."
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ocwaningweni lwamanje, abacwaningi bathole iphethini eyisisekelo eyenzeka kuzo zonke izintuthwane, okungukuthi i-mandibles yesilisa nensikazi ilandela iphethini yokukhula efanayo ezinhlotsheni eziningi, ngisho noma zibukeka zihluke kakhulu.
I-amber eyingqayizivele
Ukuqomisana nokutholakele kuphinde kwanikeza ososayensi izinselele ezithile, njengoba inhlaka ngokwayo ihlukile njengezinto eziphilayo ezingaphakathi kuyo. “Isiqephu esinalezi zintuthwane sisuka endaweni okuwukuphela kwayo efakwe inhlaka e-Afrika kuze kube manje esinezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo ezihlanganisiwe. Sekukonke, kunezinambuzane ezimbalwa kuphela ezitholakala kuleli zwekazi. Nakuba inhlaka sekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswa abantu bendawo njengobucwebe bendawo, ukubaluleka kwayo kwesayensi kuye kwacaca kubacwaningi eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule noma ngaphezulu,” kuchaza uVincent Perrichot waseYunivesithi yaseRennes.
Ngakho-ke lo mfanekiso unikeza lokho okwamanje okuwumbono oyingqayizivele ngesimiso semvelo samahlathi asendulo e-Afrika.” Isukela ekuqaleni kweMiocene futhi ineminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-16 kuye kwezingama-23 ubudala, kusho uPerrichot. Ukuqomisana kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi kungenzeka kuphela ngokungaqondile, ngokunquma iminyaka yama-palynomorphs ensalela—izinhlamvu nempova—evalelwe enhlaka.
Izindlela zesimanje zokubheka esikhathini esidlule
Imiphumela yocwaningo efana nalena ingenzeka kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanjemanje. Njengoba izakhi zofuzo zezinsalela zingenakuhlaziywa, idatha enembayo nokubhekwa kokuma kwezilwane kubaluleke kakhulu. Idatha ebanzi ingatholwa kusetshenziswa amasu wokuthwebula anokulungiswa okuphezulu, njenge-micro-computed tomography (CT), lapho kusetshenziswa ama-X-ray ukuze kubhekwe kuzo zonke izingqimba zesampula.
“Njengoba izintuthwane ezivalwe ngenhlaka okufanele zihlolwe zincane kakhulu futhi zibonisa umehluko obuthakathaka kakhulu ku-CT yakudala, senze i-CT esiteshini sethu sokulinganisa, esisebenza ngokukhethekile ku-micro-tomography,” kuchaza u-Jörg Hammel wase- IHelmholtz-Zentrum Hereon. "Lokhu kunikeze abacwaningi inqwaba yezithombe ezikhombisa isampula ebesicutshungulwa isikwe ngocezu."
Uma zihlanganiswa, lezi zithombe zaveza izithombe ezinemininingwane ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu zesakhiwo sangaphakathi sezilwane, abacwaningi ababengazisebenzisa ukuze bakhe kabusha i-anatomy ngokunemba. Lena ukuphela kwendlela yokuhlonza imininingwane egcine iholele ekutheni kunqunywe uhlobo olusha nohlobo.
Ucwaningo lushicilelwe ekuqaleni ngo I-MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute). Septhemba 01, 2022.
