Emuva ngo-1950, ekujuleni kwesimiso somhume oseCzechia (eCzech Republic), abavubukuli bathola into ethakazelisayo. Abakuvubukula kwakuwugebhezi lwekhanda, olunqunywe kahle, luveza indaba ephawulekayo. Ekuqaleni, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zinsalela zamathambo kwakungezabantu ababili abahlukene ngenxa yesimo sokuhlukana kogebhezi. Noma kunjalo, ngemva kokuba sekudlule amashumi eminyaka, abacwaningi baqala ukulandelana kofuzo, okwaholela kumphumela omangalisayo. Ngokuphambene nezinkolelo zakuqala, lolugebhezi lwekhanda oluhlala lodwa empeleni lwalungowomphefumulo oyedwa; owesifazane owayekhona eminyakeni engaba ngu-45,000 XNUMX edlule.
Abacwaningi bametha ngokuthi owesifazane ongu-Zlatý kůň, noma “ihhashi legolide” ngesiCzech, ngokunqekuzisa ikhanda egqumeni elingaphezu kwesimiso somhume. Ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe kwe-DNA yakhe kwembula ukuthi I-genome yayiphethe cishe u-3% wozalo lwe-Neanderthal, ukuthi wayeyingxenye yeningi labantu basendulo banamuhla okungenzeka bashade namaNeanderthal nokuthi ufuzo lwakhe lwaluwufuzo lomuntu lwesimanje oludala kakhulu olwake lwalandelana.
Nakuba kuningi osekufundwe ngolibofuzo lwalona wesifazane, kuncane okwaziwayo ngokuthi wayebukeka enjani. Kodwa manje, entsha iphepha eliku-inthanethi eshicilelwe Julayi 18 inikeza ukuqonda okusha mayelana nokubukeka kwakhe okungenzeka ngendlela yokuqagela kobuso.
Ukuze bakhe ukufana kowesifazane, abacwaningi basebenzisa idatha eqoqwe kumaskeni ambalwa akhona e-computed tomography (CT) ogebhezi lwakhe oluyingxenye yesizindalwazi esiku-inthanethi. Nokho, njengabavubukuli abavubukula izinsalela zakhe eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-70 edlule, bathola ukuthi izingcezu zogebhezi lwekhanda zazingekho, kuhlanganise nengxenye enkulu yohlangothi lwesobunxele lobuso bakhe.
Ngokusho kombhali ngokubambisana walolu cwaningo, uCícero Moraes, uchwepheshe wezithombe waseBrazil, "Olunye ulwazi oluthakazelisayo mayelana nogebhezi lwaso ukuthi lwaluma isilwane ngemva kokufa kwaso, lesi silwane sasingaba impisi noma impisi ( bobabili babekhona ezilwaneni ngaleso sikhathi).
Ukushintsha izingxenye ezilahlekile, uMoraes nethimba lakhe basebenzise idatha yezibalo ehlanganiswe ngo-2018 ngabacwaningi abadale ukwakhiwa kabusha kogebhezi. Baphinde babonisana nama-CT scans amabili - owesifazane nendoda yesimanje - njengoba bedala ubuso bedijithali.
“Okusithathe kakhulu wukuqina kwesakhiwo sobuso, ikakhulukazi umhlathi ongezansi,” kusho uMoraes. “Lapho abavubukuli bethola ugebhezi lwekhanda, ochwepheshe bokuqala abaluhlaziya bacabanga ukuthi kwakuyindoda futhi kulula ukuqonda ukuthi kungani. Ngaphezu kokuthi ugebhezi lunezici ezihambisana kakhulu nobulili besilisa bezibalo zamanje," ezihlanganisa umhlathi "oqinile".
"Siyabona ukuthi ukwakheka komhlathi we-Zlatý kůň kuvame ukuhambisana kakhulu namaNeanderthals," wanezela.
Umhlathi oqinile bekungesona ukuphela kwesici esithathe ukunaka kwabacwaningi. Baphinde bathola ukuthi ivolumu ye-endocranial yowesifazane, imbobo lapho ubuchopho buhlezi khona, yayinkulu kuneyabantu besimanje abakusizindalwazi. Nokho, uMoraes uthi lesi sici sihlobene “nokuhlobana okukhulu kwesakhiwo phakathi kukaZlatý kůň namaNeanderthals kunaphakathi kwakhe nabantu banamuhla,” esho.
"Lapho sesinobuso obuyisisekelo, sakha izithombe ezinenjongo nezesayensi, ngaphandle kombala (nge-grayscale), ngamehlo avaliwe futhi angenazinwele," kusho uMoraes. “Kamuva, sakha inguqulo yokuqagela enesikhumba esinemibala, amehlo avulekile, uboya nezinwele. Inhloso yesibili iwukunikeza ubuso obuqondakalayo kubantu abaningi.”
Umphumela uba isithombe esinjengokuphila sowesifazane onezinwele ezimnyama, ezisontekile namehlo ansundu.
"Sibheke izakhi ezingahlanganisa ukwakheka kobuso kuphela ezingeni lokuqagela njengoba kungekho datha enikeziwe mayelana nokuthi kungaba umbala wesikhumba, izinwele namehlo," kusho uMoraes.
U-Cosimo Posth, umvubukuli ofunde kabanzi i-Zlatý kůň kodwa akazange abambe iqhaza ocwaningweni, ukuqinisekisile ukuthi okuningi ngalo wesifazane kuseyimpicabadala.
“Imininingwane yolibofuzo evela ku-Zlatý kůň engisebenze kuyo ayikwazi ukusitshela okuningi ngezici zobuso bakhe. Ngokubona kwami, idatha ye-morphological inganikeza umbono ozwakalayo wokuthi isimo sekhanda nobuso bakhe sasinjani kodwa hhayi ukumelwa okunembile kwezicubu zakhe ezithambile,” kusho uPosth, uprofesa wemivubukulo eNyuvesi yaseTübingen eJalimane.
