Ukutholwa kokubili igcinwe ngokuphelele amawundlu angamabhubesi emhumeni e-Siberian permafrost anikeze ososayensi ukuqonda okumangalisayo kokuthi lezi zilwane ezingasekho zaziphila futhi zichuma kanjani ezindaweni ezinonya enyakatho.
Amawundlu aselele engakathintwa amashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka, enikeza inqolobane yokwaziswa kubacwaningi ngalezi zidalwa ezinhle kakhulu.
Ithimba eliholwa abacwaningi baseRussia uGennady Boeskorov no-Alexey Tikhonov baseRussian Academy of Sciences kanye neCentre for Paleogenetics eSweden basanda kuhlola imizimba egxilile amawundlu amabili angamabhubesi asemhumeni ateketiswa ngokuthi “Sparta” kanye “noBoris” atholakala osebeni lomfula iSemyuelyakh eSiberia eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Okutholakele kwabo kushicilelwe kujenali I-quaternary ngo-Ag. 2021.
Ucwaningo ngalaba bobabili lushicilelwe ngo-Agasti 2020, okubonisa ukuthi amabhubesi asemhumeni angasekho (Panthera spelaea) ayewuhlobo oluhlukile kumabhubesi ezinsuku zanamuhla (Panthera leo) atholakala e-Sub-Saharan Africa. Ngokobufakazi bofuzo, le mindeni yomibili yahlukana cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-1.9 edlule.
Iqembu selibuyile nokuhlolwa okusha kwe-anatomy yamawundlu. Ososayensi ngaphambilini basebenzise ukuvezwa kwezilwane kubuciko basemigedeni, kanye nokuqhathanisa namabhubesi ase-Afrika, ukuze banqume ukubukeka kwamabhubesi asemgedeni - kodwa lawa mawundlu amabili anikeza umbono ongakaze ubonwe walolu hlobo olushabalale.
I-Sparta, phambilini i-Spartak, kuthiwa iyisidalwa esigcinwe kakhulu se-Ice Age esake satholwa. Uboya bakhe obusagolide cishe abukalimali, nakuba buboshiwe kancane, futhi amazinyo akhe, isikhumba, izicubu ezithambile nezitho zakhe zonke. igcinwe ngokumangalisayo. Ngokwalolu cwaningo, uboya bejazi lebhubesi elisemhumeni bufana nelebhubesi lase-Afrika, elinamabhubesi asemgedeni abonakala ngamajazi angaphansi anoboya obude obuminyene abewasiza ukuba akwazi ukumelana namakhaza.
Ngenxa yokuthi batholwe besondelene, laba bobabili bekufanele bayizelamani, kodwa ukuthandana kwe-radiocarbon kubonise ukuthi u-Sparta uneminyaka engu-27,962 kanti u-Boris uneminyaka engu-43,448.
Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva, womabili amawundlu ashona enezinyanga ezi-1-2 ubudala. Kwakungekho bufakazi bezilwane ezidla ezinye noma abadobi ababedala umonakalo ezinsalela zabo, nokho bathola ugebhezi lwekhanda oluphukile, izimbambo eziphukile, nemizimba ekhubazekile yaba izimo ezingavamile. Bakholelwa ukuthi lo mbhangqwana ushone ezinkulungwaneni ezimbili zeminyaka ngokuhlukana kodaka ngokusekelwe kulokhu kufa okungajwayelekile.
Ibhubesi lomhume lalisakazeke kakhulu empumalanga yeSiberia phakathi nenkathi ye-Late Pleistocene, kodwa ubufakazi balolu hlobo selutholakele ezindaweni eziningi ze-Eurasia ngisho naseNyakatho Melika endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Alaska.
Amabhubesi emhume, njengezinye izilwane ezincelisayo eziningi zenkathi ye-Pleistocene, ashabalala cishe eminyakeni eyi-14,000 edlule ngesikhathi somcimbi wokugcina omkhulu wokuqothulwa ekupheleni kwe-Ice Age yokugcina. Ngenhlanhla, i- Amazinga okushisa angaphansi kukaziro aseSiberia avumela lezi zinhlobo ukuba ziqhubeke ziphila zisesimweni esihle ngokungajwayelekile, zinikeza imininingwane yokuthi bake baphila kanjani.
Ucwaningo lwashicilelwa okokuqala ngo-Aug. 2021, kujenali I-quaternary.
