I-Nekhen yayiyidolobha elimatasa osebeni olusentshonalanga yeNayile eGibhithe lasendulo, kudala ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe imibhoshongo. Indawo yasendulo yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Hierakonpolis, okusho ukuthi isiGreki "Idolobha loKlebe," kodwa manje seyaziwa ngokuthi i-Kom el-Ahmar.
Eqinisweni, iNekhen iyindawo ebalulekile yezazi-mlando ezifuna ukuqonda umsuka wempucuko yaseGibhithe, futhi iyisizinda esikhulu kunazo zonke saseGibhithe esingakatholakali. Izinsalela ngokwazo zisuka ku-4000 kuya ku-2890 BC.
Ngokusho kwe-Hierakonpolis Expedition, "Ekuphakameni kwayo, cishe ngo-3600-3500 BC, i-Hierakonpolis kufanele ukuthi yayingenye yamadolobha amakhulu kunawo wonke eduze neNayile, isikhungo samandla sesifunda kanye nenhloko-dolobha yombuso wakudala." Leli dolobha lagcina seliyisikhungo senkolo sikankulunkulu wamakhonyane uHorus, omunye wezithixo ezibaluleke kakhulu emiphakathini yaseGibhithe lasendulo, ngoba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi oFaro bawukubonakaliswa kwasemhlabeni konkulunkulu.
Njengoba kuchazwe esihlokweni mayelana nehlelo likaHorus, “Izakhamuzi zaseNekhen zazikholelwa ukuthi inkosi ebusayo yayiwukubonakaliswa kukaHorus. Lapho uNarmer, umbusi waseNekhen owayebhekwa njengohlanganisa iGibhithe, ephumelela ukulawula kokubili iGibhithe Elisenhla nesezansi, lo mbono kafaro njengokubonakaliswa kwasemhlabeni kukaHorus wazuza ukubaluleka kwesizwe.”
Ukutholwa kwe-Nekhen (Hierakonpolis)
Isiza manje sesiyisihloko sophenyo lwemivubukulo engaphezu kwekhulu, olusaqhubeka nanamuhla nge-Hierakonpolis Expedition, evumbulula izinto ezintsha ezitholakele. Indawo yashiwo okokuqala ngo-1798 lapho uVivant Denon ehlola lesi sifunda njengengxenye yohambo lweNapoleon oluya eGibhithe.
Nakuba engakuqondi ukubaluleka kwendawo, waveza amanxiwa ethempeli elidala emkhathizwe emdwebeni wakhe. Ngemva kohambo lwakhe lwezinyanga eziyisithupha, washicilela izincwadi zakhe zokukhumbula, Voyage Dans la Basse et Haute Egypte (1802).
Nakuba ezinye izivakashi zayibona imfucumfucu endaweni, kwakunguFlinders Petrie, owasungula i-Egyptian Research Account, owathumela u-JE Quibell ukuba azame ukumba le ndawo ngo-1897. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi indawo yase iphangiwe, baqala ukumba lokho manje okwaziwa ngokuthi "indawo yokuhlala enkulu kunazo zonke esekhona."
Ithempeli elivezwe uDenon lahlakazwa eminyakeni edlule, kodwa ngesikhathi kumbiwa izindunduma, u-Quibell wathola into engavamile: inkolo yegolide neyethusi kaHorus unkulunkulu wokhozi ngaphansi kwamanxiwa ethempeli lezitini zodaka.
Lokhu kwalandelwa ukutholakala kwesifanekiso esingangokuphila seNkosi uPepi, esasinesithombe esifanayo sendodana yakhe iNkosi uMrenre, futhi manje sibukiswa eMnyuziyamu waseGibhithe eCairo.
Okubalulekile okutholwe nguNekhen
I-Hierakonpolis Expedition yemikhakha eminingi yaqala ngo-1967 futhi isaqhubeka nanamuhla. Abavubukuli bathole izici ezihlukahlukene zaleli dolobha lasendulo, kusukela ezakhiweni zemizi nezindunduma zikadoti kuya ezikhungweni zenkolo nezamahlelo, amathuna, ukungcwaba, nesigodlo sasendulo sozalo.
Bavumbulule izindawo zokuphuza utshwala nezindawo zokubumba izitsha, kanye nobufakazi bendawo yezilwane noma i-menagerie, okuhlanganisa izingwenya, izindlovu, izimfene, ingwe, izimvubu, nokunye, kanye nokungcwatshwa kwezilwane emathuneni akhethekile noma aseduze.
Njengoba abacwaningi becwila emanxiweni angaphambi koMbuso, baye bathola izinto ezinjengezithombe eziqoshiwe zophondo lwendlovu, amakhanda enkezo, izithombe eziqoshiwe zamatshe, izifihla-buso zobumba, izitsha zobumba, umdwebo we-lapis lazuli nezithombe eziqoshiwe ze-terracotta.
I-Palette yeNkosi uNarmer (bheka isithombe esiphezulu) ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezatholwa e-Nekhen kuze kube manje, ehlehlela emuva eNkathini Yokuqala Yombuso cishe ngo-3100 BC. Yatholwa ngawo-1890s ngaphakathi kwediphozithi yethempeli laseNekhen futhi iqukethe imibhalo ye-hieroglyphic okukholakala ukuthi iphakathi "imibhalo yokuqala yezepolitiki emlandweni."
Ngokwezinye izazi-mlando, la ma-hieroglyphs abonisa ukuhlangana kwe-Egypt Esenhla nesezansi. Ungomunye wemifanekiso yakudala yenkosi yaseGibhithe, abacwaningi abakholelwa ukuthi i-Narmer noma i-Menes. Okunye okubalulekile okutholakele ithuna elipendiwe, elatholwa ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokungcwaba eNekhen phakathi kuka-3500 no-3200 BC.
Izindonga zalelithuna zazipendiwe, okwenza laba isibonelo esidala kunazo zonke sezindonga zaseGibhithe ezipendiwe ezaziwayo kuze kube manje. Umdwebo ubonisa udwendwe lokungcwaba olunemifanekiso yezikebhe zomhlanga, izinduku, onkulunkulu nezilwane zaseMesophothamiya.
Ukuvakashela i-Nekhen (Hierakonpolis)
Ngeshwa, lesi sikhungo asivulekele umphakathi. Labo abafuna ukuphenya izinsalela ezithakazelisayo ze-Nekhen kumele baqale bathole ukugunyazwa kuMnyango Wezokuvakasha Nezinto Zasendulo. Ukuze uthole umuzwa wale ndawo engavamile, funda mayelana nokutholakele okusha okwenziwe yi-Hierakonpolis Expedition.
