Uma sicabanga ngobuciko basendulo, sivame ukubona ngeso lengqondo imidwebo emihle emigedeni eye yatholwa emhlabeni wonke. Nokho, okutholakele okusha kubonisa ukuthi ama-Neanderthal, uhlobo oluhlukile lwabantu banamuhla, kungenzeka ukuthi ayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokudala imibhalo eqoshiwe emidala kunazo zonke eyaziwayo eYurophu.
Le mibhalo eqoshiwe yatholakala emhumeni owawuvalwe amashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka futhi ungahlehlela emuva eminyakeni engu-75,000.
Ngokocwaningo olushicilelwe ngoJuni 21 kuleli phephabhuku I-PLOS One, abacwaningi bahlole uchungechunge lwezimpawu ezingezona ezingokomfanekiso okukholakala ukuthi zadalwa iminwe yomuntu yangaphambi komlando ngaphakathi komhume waseLa Roche-Cotard, osendaweni engamakhilomitha angu-150 eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeParis.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, izinsalela zaziwugcinile umhume. Amathuluzi amaningi amatshe atholwe ngesikhathi sokumba kwakamuva endaweni angesitayela sama-Neanderthals, okubonisa ukuthi yibo abadale umsebenzi wobuciko.
Imidwebo yamahhashi, amabhubesi, nezigxivizo zezandla isebenza njengezibonelo ezaziwayo zesiko le-Upper Paleolithic elahlehlela emuva eminyakeni engu-35,000 kubuciko bomfanekiso basendulo, okuhlanganisa nemidwebo yodonga, evela ezindaweni zaseYurophu.
Abacwaningi basanda kuthola izibonelo ezindala zezinto ezingezona ezosetshenziswa kanye nobuciko eYurophu nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, njengethambo eliqoshiwe le-chevron elineminyaka engu-51,000 eJalimane elenziwe amaNeanderthals. Kodwa-ke, i-Homo sapiens ituswa ngomdwebo oneminyaka engu-45,500 wengulube yarty e-Indonesia kanye nomdwebo we-hashtag oneminyaka engu-73,000 ubudala eNingizimu Afrika. Sekungamashumi eminyaka abacwaningi bekholelwa ukuthi lezi zidalwa ziyizimpawu zokuziphatha komuntu kwanamuhla.
Emhumeni waseLa Roche-Cotard, abacwaningi bathola amaphaneli ayisishiyagalombili aneminonjana engaphezu kuka-400 yemigqa namachashazi angabonakali. Abacwaningi babiza le mikhondo ngokuthi “imibhalo eqoshiwe” ngoba imelela ukususwa ngamabomu kwezinto ezenziwa ngethuluzi noma ngomunwe. “Lokhu kususwa kwezinto akuwona ngephutha futhi akusizi ngalutho,” babhala ocwaningweni lwabo, kodwa kunalokho “kwenziwe ngamabomu nokucophelela.”
Abacwaningi baqala ukuhlola emhumeni ofanayo lapho umuntu oyedwa enza khona amamaki odongeni lwamadwala esebenzisa iminwe, ithambo, ukhuni, impondo, insengetsha, namaphuzu ensimbi. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthola ukuthi le mibhalo yayiqoshwa kanjani. Khona-ke, omunye wathatha izithombe zalawo mamaki futhi waqhathanisa izimpawu zokuhlola nalezo zasendulo esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-photogrammetry, inqubo eyakha amamodeli e-3D abonakalayo kusukela kumakhulu ezithombe.
Ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi izimpawu zeminwe zokuhlola zifana kakhulu nezithombe eziqoshiwe zasendulo.
Ukutholakala ukuthi amaNeanderthals aqopha ngeminwe yawo, njengoba nje abacwaningi benza, kwasekelwa nakakhulu ukuthi amathuluzi amaningi amatshe atholakala emhumeni ayengenakho ukuxhumana okusobala nemibhalo eqoshiwe. Abasebenzi baphethe ngokuthi iningi lezimpawu odongeni lomhume imigqa eyaziwa ngokuthi "izici zeminwe," ezidalwe lapho othile ebhulasha iminwe yakhe phansi odongeni olumbozwe udaka.
lapho begcina ukuhlangana nemini. Ngokophenyo, umhume wavalwa okungenani eminyakeni engu-57,000 edlule futhi mhlawumbe ngisho ne-75,000.
Lezi zinsuku zakuqala zisho ukuthi "akunakwenzeka kakhulu" ukuthi abantu besimanje bangakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi emhumeni, abacwaningi babhala ocwaningweni lwabo, njengoba ubufakazi bamanje buphakamisa ukuthi babengekho eFrance kuze kube okungenani eminyakeni engu-54,000 edlule, kuyilapho amaNeandertals avela lapho. eminyakeni engaba ngu-330,000 edlule. "Siphetha ngokuthi okuqoshiwe kwe-LRC kuyizibonelo ezicacile ze-Neanderthal abstract design," babhala.
“Lolu cwaningo lubalulekile ngoba lwelula isikhathi sakudala sokulandela umkhondo wedijithali futhi, ngokokuqala ngqa, luhlobanisa uhlobo lwe-hominin ngaphandle kwe-Homo sapiens,” ngokusho kuka-April Nowell, umvubukuli we-paleolithic eNyuvesi yaseVictoria eCanada. obengabandakanyekanga kulolu cwaningo.
Kodwa ukubaluleka kwale mibhalo akukacaci. "Nakuba ukulandelwa kweminwe eLa Roche-Cotard kuhloswe ngokucacile," abacwaningi babhala, "akunakwenzeka ngathi ukuthola ukuthi kumelela ukucabanga okungokomfanekiso."
UNowell wavuma ukuthi “le mikhondo akudingekile ukuba ibe ingokomfanekiso njengalapho umuntu elandela ngomkhondo iminwe esihlabathini ogwini lolwandle.” Imidwebo, nokho, iwulwazi olusha olubalulekile mayelana nokuziphatha kwezihlobo zethu ze-Neanderthal, isiko lazo laliyinkimbinkimbi futhi lihlukahlukene kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaphambilini.
Ucwaningo lwashicilelwa ekuqaleni kujenali PLOS One ngoJuni 21.
