Umphakathi wasendulo wakhula wazungeza umnotho wezolimo owawuhlanganisa ummbila, isikwashi, i-yucca, nezinye izitshalo eminyakeni engaba ngu-2,000 4 edlule endaweni esogwini lwasePeru ethola imvula engaphansi kwamamilimitha amane minyaka yonke. Ifa labo, elaziwa ngeNazca, laziwa kakhulu emhlabeni namuhla ngeNazca Lines, ama-geoglyphs asendulo ogwadule asukela emigqeni elula kuya ekubonisweni kwezinkawu, izinhlanzi, izibankwa, nezinye izibalo eziningi ezithakazelisayo.
Ngenkathi umbono owamukelekayo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi imigqa yakhiwe ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo, ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamaNazcas emisele yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kwakungamandla abalulekile axhasa umphakathi wawo wonke. Uhlelo luthinte amachibi angaphansi komhlaba angaphansi komhlaba ezintabeni zeNazca, ehambisa amanzi olwandle ngochungechunge lwemigudu evundlile. Kwakunenqwaba, uma kungenjalo amakhulu, emithonjeni emise okomumo omoya eyaziwa ngokuthi i-puquios, egcwele ebusweni bale mifula engaphansi komhlaba.
Kusukela ngo-1000 BC kuze kube ngu-750 AD, abantu baseNazca babusa lesi sifunda. Imvelaphi yokwakheka kwemisele yamanzi bekuyindida amashumi eminyaka, kepha ngokwencazelo eyashicilelwa nguRosa Lasaponara we-Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis e-Italy, iqembu lakhe lase liyixazulule le mpicabadala.
Ososayensi basebenzise izithombe zesathelayithi ekugcineni ukukhomba ama-puquios 'njengohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-hydraulic olwakhiwe ukukhipha amanzi emanzini angaphansi komhlaba'. URosa Lasaponara ukholelwa ukuthi ukutholwa kwakhe kuchaza ukuthi abantu baseNazca basekuqaleni babekwazi kanjani ukuba khona endaweni egxile emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abagcinanga ngokusinda, kepha bathuthukisa nezolimo.
Ama-puquios atholakala endaweni efanayo nolayini abaziwayo beNazca futhi ukubaluleka kwalezi zimbobo zasendulo kuphikiswe kakhulu. Ezinye izazi-mlando kanye nabavubukuli baqagela ukuthi babeyingxenye yohlelo oluthuthukisiwe lokunisela. Abanye babecabanga ukuthi la kwakungamathuna angokomthetho.
Ochwepheshe abaningi babedidekile ukuthi izakhamizi zomdabu zaseNazca zikwazi kanjani ukukhula endaweni lapho isomiso singaqhubeka khona iminyaka eminingi.
U-Lasaponara nethimba lakhe bakwazile ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi ama-puquios ahlakazeke kanjani esifundeni saseNazca, kanye nalapho egijimela khona maqondana nemizana eseduze - okulula kuze kube manje - ngokusebenzisa izithombe zesathelayithi.
"Okusobala manje ukuthi uhlelo lwe-puquio bekufanele lube yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho okubukeka namhlanje," ULasaponara uyanezela. "Ngokusebenzisa amanzi angenamkhawulo unyaka wonke, uhlelo lwe-puquio lusize kwezolimo ezigcwele ezifundeni kwesinye sezifunda ezome kakhulu emhlabeni."
Umsuka wama-puquios uhlale uyimfihlakalo kubafundi ngoba izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokuphola ngekhabhoni bezingasetshenziswa emihubheni. Futhi iNazca ayishiyanga mqondo wokuthi ivelaphi. Ngaphandle kokuphawuleka kwamaMaya, bona, njengamanye amasiko amaningi aseNingizimu Melika, babengenayo indlela yokubhala.
"Ukwakhiwa kwama-puquios kudinge ukuthi kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu," ULasaponara uyachaza. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi abaklami bama-puquios babedinga ukuqonda kahle ukwakheka komhlaba nokushintsha kwesizini ekutholakaleni kwamanzi, kepha ukugcina imisele kwakuyinkinga yobuchwepheshe ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwawo ngamaphutha we-tectonic.
"Okumangalisa ngempela inani elikhulu labasebenzi, ukuhlela nokubambisana okudingekayo ekudalweni kwabo nasekulondolozweni okuqhubekayo," Lasaponara uthi.
Lokho bekusho ukulethwa kwamanzi okungaguquguquki, okungaguquguquki kwezizukulwane esifundeni esingenye yezomile kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukusho, iphrojekthi ye-hydraulic ehamba phambili kakhulu endaweni yeNazca yenze ukuthi amanzi atholakale unyaka wonke, hhayi nje kwezolimo nokunisela kuphela, kodwa nangezidingo zasekhaya.
Indawo yesifunda iNazca icwaningwe amashumi amaningi eminyaka, kepha isinezimanga eziningi. Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, uDavid Jonson, owayenguthisha, umthwebuli wezithombe, nomphenyi ozimele wasePoughkeepsie, eNew York, waphakamisa owakhe umbono maqondana namaNazca geoglyphs. Uthi amaphethini asebenza njengamamephu futhi akhomba ukugeleza kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba okuphakela uhlelo lwe-puquios.
Ubelokhu efunda ingubo yokulala edumile yeNazca, ehlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele angama-280, kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990 (725.2 sq. Km). UJonson uchithe amasonto amaningi esifundeni sasethafa sasePeru ephenya ngemigqa, ethathwa njengenye yezimfihlakalo ezinkulu emhlabeni.
The “Izimbobo Ezingaqondakali ZasePeru,” ngokusho komcwaningi, zihloselwe ukuba ngumfanekiso omkhulu wabantu bakudala abanekhono lobuchwepheshe kanye nobuciko bokuthuthela eNingizimu Melika bevela esifundeni saseMedithera. Uthi “esikhathini esithile ngemuva kokufika, abokufika, mhlawumbe ngenxa yesidingo, bakha uhlelo lokuqoqa nokuhlunga amanzi olulula, olungabizi, olungasebenzi.
