Njengomthandi womlando nezinganekwane, enye yezinganekwane ezijabulisa kakhulu ezihlale zithatha umcabango wami inganekwane yeNkosi u-Arthur kanye nenkemba yakhe i-Excalibur. Izindaba zika-Arthur namaqhawe akhe e-Round Table, izimfuno zabo, izimpi, nezigigaba ziye zakhuthaza inqwaba yezincwadi, amamuvi, nezinhlelo ze-TV. Kodwa phakathi kwazo zonke izici ezimangalisayo zenganekwane ka-Arthurian, umbuzo owodwa osasele: ingabe inkemba yenkosi u-Arthur i-Excalibur yayikhona ngempela? Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umlando kanye nezinganekwane ngemuva kwe-Excalibur futhi sizame ukwembula iqiniso ngale mfihlakalo ehlala njalo.
Isingeniso seKing Arthur kanye ne-Excalibur
Ngaphambi kokuthi singene kumfihlakalo ye-Excalibur, ake siqale sibeke inkundla ngokwethula i-King Arthur nenkemba yakhe yenganekwane. Ngokwenganekwane yangenkathi ephakathi yamaWelsh namaNgisi, iNkosi u-Arthur yayiyinkosi yasenganekwaneni eyabusa iBrithani ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-5 nasekuqaleni kwelesi-6. Kuthiwa wahlanganisa abantu baseBrithani ngokumelene namaSaxon ahlaselayo, wasungula inkathi yokuthula nokuchuma ezweni. Amaqhawe ka-Arthur e-Round Table ayedume ngobuqhawe, isibindi, nodumo, futhi aqala umkhankaso wokufuna i-Holy Grail, ukutakula izintombi ezicindezelekile, kanye nokunqoba izitha ezimbi.
Enye yezimpawu ezidume kakhulu nezinamandla zenganekwane yakwa-Arthurian i-Excalibur, inkemba eyakhishwa u-Arthur etsheni ukuze afakazele ukusho kwakhe okufanelekile esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kuthiwa i-Excalibur yakhiwe yi-Lady of the Lake, umuntu ongaqondakali owayehlala endaweni enamanzi futhi enamandla omlingo. Inkemba yayigcwele izimfanelo ezingaphezu kwemvelo, njengokukwazi ukunqamula noma iyiphi into, ukuphulukisa noma iliphi inxeba, futhi inikeze owayeyiphethe amandla anganqotshwa empini. I-Excalibur yayivame ukuvezwa njengensimbi ecwebezelayo enesihenqo segolide nemifanekiso eqoshiwe eyinkimbinkimbi.
Inganekwane ye-Excalibur
Indaba ye-Excalibur iye yatshelwa futhi yashiwo kabusha ezinguqulweni ezingenakubalwa phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, ngayinye inokwehluka kwayo kanye nemihlobiso. Kwezinye izinguqulo, i-Excalibur iyinkemba efanayo u-Arthur ayithola ku-Lady of the Lake, kanti kwezinye iyinkemba ehlukile u-Arthur ayizuza kamuva ekuphileni kwakhe. Kwezinye izinguqulo, i-Excalibur iyalahleka noma yebiwe, futhi u-Arthur kufanele aqale umkhankaso wokuyibuyisela. Kwamanye, i-Excalibur iyisihluthulelo sokunqoba izitha zika-Arthur, njengomthakathi omubi uMorgan le Fay noma inkosi enkulu uRion.
Inganekwane ye-Excalibur igqugquzele ababhali abaningi, izimbongi, nabaculi eminyakeni edlule. Enye yezinguqulo ezidume kakhulu zendaba ekaThomas Malory "Le Morte d'Arthur" umsebenzi wekhulu le-15 owahlanganisa izinganekwane ezihlukahlukene ze-Arthurian zibe indaba egcwele. Enguqulweni kaMalory, i-Excalibur iyinkemba u-Arthur ayithola ku-Lady of the Lake, futhi kamuva yaphulwa empini noSir Pellinore. U-Arthur wabe esethola inkemba entsha, ebizwa ngokuthi iNkemba Etsheni, evela eMerlin, ayisebenzisela ukunqoba izitha zakhe.
Ubufakazi obungokomlando beNkosi u-Arthur
Naphezu kokuduma okuhlala njalo kwenganekwane ye-Arthurian, kunobufakazi obuncane bomlando obusekela ukuba khona kweNkosi u-Arthur njengomuntu wangempela. Ama-akhawunti alotshiwe okuqala ka-Arthur ahlehlela emuva ekhulwini lesi-9, emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa ngemva kokuba kuthiwa waphila. Lawa ma-akhawunti, njenge-Welsh "Imilando yaseTigernach" kanye ne-Anglo-Saxon "Chronicle," khuluma ngo-Arthur njengeqhawe elalwa namaSaxon, kodwa banikeza imininingwane embalwa ngempilo noma ukubusa kwakhe.
Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi u-Arthur kungenzeka ukuthi wayengumuntu oyinhlanganisela, ukuxuba kwezinganekwane ezihlukahlukene zamaCeltic nama-Anglo-Saxon. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi wayengumuntu wangempela womlando okwathi kamuva waqanjwa izinganekwane ngabaxoxi bezindaba nezimbongi. Noma kunjalo, abanye baphikisa ngokuthi u-Arthur wayeyinganekwane ngokuphelele, indalo yomcabango wenkathi ephakathi.
Usesho lwe-Excalibur
Uma kubhekwa ukushoda kobufakazi bomlando beNkosi u-Arthur, akumangazi ukuthi ukuseshwa kwe-Excalibur kuye kwaba nzima ngokufanayo. Eminyakeni edlule, kube nezimangalo eziningi zokutholwa kwe-Excalibur, kodwa azikho eziye zafakazelwa. Abanye baye basikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi u-Excalibur wangcwatshwa no-Arthur eGlastonbury Abbey, lapho ithuna lakhe okuthiwa latholwa khona ngekhulu le-12. Nokho, kamuva ithuna lembulwa njengenkohliso, futhi ayizange itholakale inkemba.
Ngawo-1980, umvubukuli ogama lakhe linguPeter Field wathi uthole i-Excalibur endaweni ese-Staffordshire, eNgilandi. Wathola inkemba egqwalile emfuleni ayekholelwa ukuthi ingase ibe inkemba yenganekwane. Nokho, kamuva kwavezwa ukuthi inkemba ifanekisela ikhulu le-19.
Imibono mayelana nendawo ye-Excalibur
Naphezu kokuntuleka kobufakazi obuphathekayo, kuye kwaba nemibono eminingi mayelana nendawo ye-Excalibur phakathi neminyaka. Abanye baye basikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi inkemba yaphonswa echibini noma emfuleni, lapho isafihliwe khona kuze kube namuhla. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-Excalibur yadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni zozalo luka-Arthur, owayigcina ifihliwe emhlabeni.
Omunye wemibono ethakazelisa kakhulu mayelana nendawo ye-Excalibur ukuthi ingase ifihlwe ekamelweni eliyimfihlo ngaphansi kweGlastonbury Tor, igquma eliseSomerset, eNgilandi. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, i-Tor yayiyindawo ye-Avalon engaqondakali, lapho i-Lady of the Lake yayihlala khona nalapho u-Arthur athathwa khona ngemva kokushona kwakhe empini. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi igumbi eliyimfihlo ngaphansi kweTor lingase libe nenkemba, kanye namanye amagugu nezinto zobuciko ezivela kunganekwane ye-Arthurian.
Imvelaphi engaba khona yenganekwane ye-Excalibur
Ngakho-ke, uma i-Excalibur ingakaze ibe khona, inganekwane yavelaphi? Njengezinganekwane eziningi nezinsumansumane, indaba ye-Excalibur cishe isuka kunganekwane yasendulo nezinganekwane. Abanye baye basikisela ukuthi inkemba kungenzeka yaphefumulelwa inganekwane yase-Ireland kaNuada, inkosi eyanqunywa isandla empini futhi eyathola ingalo yesiliva yemilingo konkulunkulu. Abanye baye babhekisela enganekwaneni yaseWales ethi, inkemba uDyrnwyn, okuthiwa yagqamuka amalangabi lapho iphathwa ngesandla esingafaneleki.
Omunye umthombo ongase ube khona wenganekwane ye-Excalibur inkemba yomlando kaJulius Caesar, okuthiwa yakhiwe ngendlela engaqondakali njenge-Excalibur. Ngokwenganekwane, inkemba yadluliselwa ohlwini lobukhosi baseBrithani kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni inikezwa u-Arthur.
Ukubaluleka kwe-Excalibur kunganekwane ye-Arthurian
Ukuthi i-Excalibur yake yaba khona noma cha, akukho ukuphika ukubaluleka kwayo kunganekwane ye-Arthurian. Inkemba isiwuphawu olunamandla lwamandla, isibindi, nobuholi buka-Arthur, kanye nokumelela izici ezingaqondakali nezingaphezu kwemvelo zale nganekwane. I-Excalibur ikhonjiswe emisebenzini eminingi yobuciko, izincwadi, nemidiya, kusukela kuma-tapestries enkathi ephakathi kuya kumamuvi esimanje.
Ngaphezu kokubaluleka kwayo okungokomfanekiso, i-Excalibur iphinde yabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ezindabeni eziningi nezigigaba zenganekwane yakwa-Arthurian. Inkemba isetshenziselwe ukunqoba izitha ezinamandla, njengomdondoshiya uRion nomthakathi uMorgan le Fay, futhi iye yafunwa izitha zika-Arthur njengendlela yokuthola amandla nokulawula.
Indlela i-Excalibur ibe nomthelela ngayo isiko elidumile
Inganekwane ye-Excalibur ibe nomthelela omkhulu esikweni elidumile, yakhuthaza imisebenzi eminingi yezincwadi, ubuciko, nabezindaba. Kusukela kwezothando zasendulo kuya kumamuvi esimanjemanje, i-Excalibur ithathe umcabango wezizukulwane zabaxoxi bezindaba nezethameli.
Omunye wemifanekiso edume kakhulu ye-Excalibur esikweni elidumile ifilimu yango-1981 ethi “Excalibur,” eqondiswa nguJohn Boorman. Ifilimu ilandela indaba ka-Arthur, amaqhawe akhe, kanye nokufuna i-Holy Grail, futhi ihlanganisa ukubukeka okumangalisayo nomsindo ovusa amadlingozi. Okunye ukumelwa okudumile kwe-Excalibur esochungechungeni lwe-TV ye-BBC “Merlin,” oluhlanganisa u-Arthur osemusha nomeluleki wakhe uMerlin njengoba bezulazula ezingozini nezihibe zeCamelot.
Isiphetho: Imfihlakalo ye-Excalibur ingase ingaxazululeki
Ekugcineni, imfihlakalo ye-Excalibur ingase ingaxazululeki. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakuyinkemba yangempela, uphawu lwenganekwane, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili, i-Excalibur ihlala iyingxenye enamandla nehlala njalo yenganekwane ka-Arthurian. Indaba yeNkosi u-Arthur, amaqhawe akhe, kanye nemizamo yabo yokuthola udumo nobulungisa izoqhubeka nokukhuthaza futhi ihehe izethameli ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuzayo lapho uzwa indaba yeNkosi u-Arthur kanye nenkemba yakhe i-Excalibur, khumbula ukuthi iqiniso lenganekwane lingase libe nzima kakhulu kunenkemba ngokwayo. Kodwa lokho akuyenzi indaba ibe nomlingo noma ibe nenjongo. Njengoba imbongi u-Alfred Lord Tennyson yabhala, “Isimo esidala siyashintsha, sinikeza indawo entsha, / Futhi uNkulunkulu uzigcwalisa ngezindlela eziningi, funa umkhuba owodwa omuhle wonakalise umhlaba. Mhlawumbe inganekwane ye-Excalibur ingenye yalezo zindlela uNkulunkulu azigcwalisa ngazo, esikhuthaza ukuba sifune ubulungisa, isibindi, nodumo ezimpilweni zethu.
Uma ufuna ukuhlola kabanzi mayelana nezimfihlakalo nezinganekwane zomlando, bheka lezi zihloko ukuze uthole izindaba ezithakazelisayo.
