Ukulandisa kwe-Manuscript 512 kusebenza njengesandulela esikhangayo semfihlakalo ethakazelisayo—eye yadida izazi-mlando nabahloli bamazwe amakhulu eminyaka. Lo mbhalo oyimfihlo kukholakala ukuthi ulandisa ngokutholakala kwedolobha lasendulo, elingenamuntu, eliphakathi nendawo engaphakathi eBrazil. Indaba yale mpucuko elahlekile, njengokusho kwe-Manuscript 512, ilandelela izimpande zayo ekhulwini le-18 futhi ibangele igagasi lemibuzo eqagelayo kanye nezinkulumo-mpikiswano zezazi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukutholwa Kombhalo Wesandla 512
Indaba yombhalo Wesandla 512 iqala ngonyaka ka-1839, lapho uManuel Ferreira Lagos, isazi semvelo esichwepheshile, ethola lo mbhalo oyindida oseqoqweni loMtapo Wezincwadi Kazwelonke WaseBrazil. Umbhalo wesandla wawunesihloko eside, esihunyushwa cishe ngokuthi “Ubudlelwano bomlando bendawo yokulumba, enkulu, endala kakhulu engenamuntu owatholakala ngonyaka we-1753”.
I-Lagos yethule leli phepha ku-Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute, lapho lashicilelwa khona kamuva kumagazini wabo, nesandulelo esilixhumanisa necala elibi likaRoberio Dias, owaziwa nangokuthi "Muribeca". U-Dias wayengumhloli wamazwe odumile owabanjwa umqhele wamaPutukezi ngokugodla ulwazi mayelana nezimayini ezibalulekile e-Bahia.
Imayini Elahlekile yaseMuribeca
Kulabo abangakaze bezwe nge-Muribeca: kusukela ngekhulu le-16, abahambi bebematasa ngokuthola izimayini zegolide nesiliva e-Brazil, ikakhulukazi Imayini Elahlekile yase-Muribeca. URoberio Dias wayenemayini yesiliva ecebile endaweni ethile emaphakathi neBrazil, esetshenziswa amaNdiya futhi okuthiwa inezinkulungwane zeminyaka ikhona.
Ubaba kaRoberio Dias wayengumNdiya ogama lakhe linguMuribeca. Le mayini wayeyizuze kuyise, indoda engumPutukezi nowasinda lapho kuphahlazeka umkhumbi owayehlala nesizwe samaNdiya esinobungane futhi kamuva owashada nowesifazane ongumNdiya. Nakuba uDias wayecebe kakhulu, wayengumuntu ovamile, futhi okubi nakakhulu, i-mestizo - igama elinikezwa umuntu ogazi lakhe liyingxenye yamaNdiya.
Into uDias ayehlale eyifuna ekuphileni kwakuyisiqu, isitifiketi sokuhlonishwa. Futhi ngakho waya eMadrid futhi wenza isiphakamiso eNkosini (yaseSpain nePortugal ngaleso sikhathi) u-Dom Pedro II. Wanikeza iNkosi yonke ingcebo yayo evela ezimayini zayo ezinhle ukuze athole isicoco esithi 'iMarquis of the Mines.'
U-Dom Pedro II wenqabile. Kunalokho, isitifiketi sikaDias savalwa futhi kwathiwa asinikezwe uDias uma sekudalulwa indawo yezimayini. Kodwa lapho eya ezimayini, u-Dias waqinisekisa ukapteni womkhumbi ukuthi avule ama-oda ngaphambi kokuba bafike e-Bahia. Okwammangalisa kakhulu futhi kwamphatha kabi, uDias wafunda ukuthi kwakungafanele abe iMarquis of the Mines phela. Ngokuphambene nalokho iSilo esasikuthembisile, imiyalo evaliwe yamemezela ukuthi iNkosi isihlakaze ikhomishana yamasosha endaweni uDias 'wayengukaputeni.' Ngokuqondakalayo, uDias wenqaba ukuyeka indawo yezimayini.
UDias wagqunywa ejele laseSalvador iminyaka emibili. Kodwa noma kunjalo, wenqaba ukukhuluma. Ekugcineni, wavunyelwa ukuba athenge inkululeko yakhe, futhi ngo-1622 wafa. Ngeshwa, indawo eyimfihlo yezimayini waya naye ethuneni lakhe. Uhambo oluningi lwaqalwa ukuze kutholwe lezi zimayini, futhi eziningi azizange zibuye.
Okuqukethwe kwe-Manuscript 512
Umbhalo wesandla ubonakala uwumbhalo womsebenzi wokuqala olahlekile futhi wethulwa njengombiko womlando. Izingxenye ezithile zedokhumenti zibolile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwezingcezu zombhalo. Nokho, izingxenye ezisasele zixoxa indaba ethakazelisayo.
Ukulandisa kuchaza ngohambo lukaColonel wasePutukezi (igama elingaziwa) nethimba lakhe, abakhangwa ukhahlamba lwezintaba olwalubenyezela buqamama. Lapho befika esiqongweni, bathola indawo ababecabanga ukuthi idolobha elingasogwini. Lapho bebhekisisa, babona ukuthi umuzi wawuyincithakalo futhi ushiyiwe.
Umnyango wedolobha wawuhlotshiswe ngokhothamo oluphindwe kathathu, okukhumbuza amakhothamo amaRoma okunqoba, anemibhalo yolimi olungaqondakali. Isigcawu sedolobha sasinesisekelo esimnyama esinomfanekiso wendoda ebheke enyakatho, isakhiwo esikhulu esihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso eqoshiwe ehlukahlukene nemisebenzi ehlotshisiwe, kanye “nama- spire amaRoma” noma amatshe amatshe ekhoneni ngalinye. Bathola nendlu yasemaphandleni ngaphandle kwedolobha, eyayinezindlu ezihlukene ezizungeze ikamelo elikhulu eliphakathi nendawo, okungenzeka i-atrium.
Sesha idolobha elilahlekile
Phakathi kuka-1841 no-1846, i-Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute yaxhasa ama-expedition amaningi ukuze kutholwe idolobha elilahlekile. UFr. U-Benigno Jose de Carvalho uhole lezi zicelo ngaphesheya kwe-Chapada Diamantina, isifunda esaziwa ngamadwala aso ahlukile. Naphezu kokubikelwa ukukhuthala kukaCarvalho, lolu hambo aluzange luveze lutho olutheni, okuholele esimweni sokudumala nokungabaza.
Imibono nokuqagela
Kuye kwahlongozwa imibono nemibono ehlukahlukene ukuze kuchazwe umsuka nokuba khona kwedolobha elilahlekile elichazwe eMbhalweni Wesandla 512. Ezinye izazi zazikholelwa ukuthi le ndaba ingase ibe yiqiniso, zicaphuna ubufakazi bamanxiwa amakhulu nezindaba eziphathelene nezigqila ezibalekile kanye nabomdabu abahlala kuleyondawo.
Ngokuphambene, ezinye izazi-mlando zakuchitha lokhu kulandisa njengenganekwane nje, zithi incazelo yedolobha ibangelwa ukwakheka kwamadwala okungavamile eChapada Diamantina. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiziphi izinkolelo-mbono eziphikisanayo, i-Manuscript 512 iyaqhubeka nokuba yindaba ethokozisayo nenkulumo-mpikiswano emibuthanweni yomlando.
Ukutholakala kwe-Manuscript 512 nokulandisa kwayo okuthakazelisayo kwakhuthaza umqondo wempucuko efihliwe, ethuthukile eBrazil, izwe elalisanda kuthola inkululeko futhi lalifuna ukwakha ubuzwe obuqinile. Ukulandisa kwalo mbhalo wesandla kwaqinisa inkolelo-mbono yokuthi impucuko yasendulo yamaGreki namaRoma kungenzeka ukuthi yaba khona eBrazil kudala.
I-Manuscript 512's Impact ekuhloleni okuzayo
Imfihlakalo yedolobha elilahlekile elichazwe ku-Manuscript 512 igqugquzele uhambo oluningi kanye nezimfuno zokuthola le mpucuko efihliwe, okuhlanganisa nenganekwane. Umhloli wamazwe waseBrithani uPercy Fawcett, okuthiwa wathola “Idolobha Elilahlekile Lakwa-Z”. Ngeshwa, lokhu kusesha akuphumelelanga kakhulu, futhi idolobha elichazwe kulo mbhalo wesandla ayikatholakali kuze kube namuhla.
Isiphetho
Impicabadala ye-Manuscript 512 iyaqhubeka nokudonsa izingqondo zezazi-mlando, abahloli bamazwe, nabashisekeli ngokufanayo. Ukulandisa kwakho, ngenkathi kugubuzelwe yimfihlakalo nokuqagela, kunikeza umbono othakazelisayo wokuthi kungenzeka yini impucuko eyalahleka kudala elele ingakatholwa enhliziyweni yeBrazil. Nakuba iqiniso ledolobha elichazwe ku-Manuscript 512 lisalokhu lingaqondakali, ukufuna le mpucuko efihliwe kusaqhubeka.
Ngemva kokufunda nge-Manuscript 512, funda mayelana I-Silphium, Isitshalo esiyisimangaliso esilahlekile sasendulo.
