Wazalelwa Ku: I-1162 AD
Ushonile: Agasti 18, 1227
Ukuzalwa: UDelüün Boldog
Umsunguli: UMbuso WamaMongol
Wafa eneminyaka yobudala: 65
UGenghis Khan, uKhan Omkhulu wokuqala wobukhosi baseMongol futhi owayevame ukudunyiswa njengeNkosi Yamakhosi, wayengumbusi owasungula omunye wombuso omkhulu ohlonishwayo, i-The Mongol Empire. Lo mshayeli odumile waseMongolia waqhubeka nokunqoba izindawo ezinkulu zase-Eurasia, ngokuhlanganisa izifundazwe zanamuhla zaseChina, Korea, Central Asia, eMpumalanga Yurophu naseNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia.
UKhan ubekwe icala ngokuwa kwamanye amakhosi amakhulu afana neWestern Xia, Jin, Qara Khitai, Caucasus kanye neKhwarazmian. Kodwa-ke, wayenegama lokuba ngundlovukayiphikiswa ngenxa yokubulawa kwezakhamizi ngesikhathi sokunqoba kwakhe okwamenza waba ngomunye wababusi abesatshwa kakhulu emlandweni.
Ngaphandle kwesithunzi sakhe sokubulawa kwabantu, ukusetshenziswa kukaKhan kwezepolitiki kwaletha iSilk Route ngaphansi kwendawo eyodwa yezepolitiki okwakhuphula ukuhweba kusuka eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuya eNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia naseYurophu. Ngaphandle kokuzuza kwakhe empini, wayephethe ukubhebhethekisa ukubekezelelana ngokwenkolo kanye nokuhlonishwa kombuso eMongolia.
UKhan ubuye wagunyazwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezizwe eziyimizulane eNortheast Asia. Ake sibhekabheke amanye amaqiniso angaziwa nezingcaphuno ezidumile ezivela ku-Great Khan weMongol Dynasty, echaza imicabango yakhe nempilo yakhe.
Imininingwane Engaziwa NgoGenghis Khan
1 | UGenghis Khan Wazalelwa Egazini
Inganekwane ithi uGenghis Khan wazalwa enegazi elivale isibhakela, kubikezela ukuvela kwakhe njengomholi omkhulu nonamandla. Kubukeka sengathi ubenegazi ezandleni zakhe kusukela ekuqaleni.
2 | UKhan Waba Indoda Kusenesikhathi
Ngenkathi uGenghis Khan esemncane, ubaba wakhe u-Yesugei wadliswa ushevu yisizwe esasilwa naye, amaTatar, lapho ngobunono bamnikeza ukudla okunoshevu. UGenghis, owayekade engekho, wabuyela ekhaya eyofuna isikhundla sakhe njengenkosi yesizwe, kodwa isizwe sanqaba sashiya umndeni kaGenghis esikhundleni salokho.
3 | UKhan Empeleni Wayengafuni Impi Engaphezulu
Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa izizwe zamaMongol ngaphansi kwesibhengezo esisodwa, uGenghis Khan empeleni wayengasafuni enye impi. Ukuze avule ezohwebo, uGenghis Khan wathumela izithunywa kuMuhammad ll waseKhwarezm, kodwa umbuso waseKhwarezm wahlasela umahamba-nendlwana waseMongolia wabe esebulala umhumushi kaKhan. Ngakho-ke uKhan wesula i-khwarezmia eMephini. Ibutho likaGenghis Khan labhubhisa ibutho elaliphinda kahlanu ubukhulu balo, kwathi lapho liphela, “ngisho nezinja namakati” kwasinda. Kungakapheli nje iminyaka emibili, wonke umbuso wasuswa ngokoqobo, izakhamuzi zawo eziyizigidi ezine zenziwa izindunduma zamathambo.
4 | Amasosha KaKhan Anquma Ikhanda Idolobha Lonke
Amasosha kaGenghis Khan anquma ikhanda lomuzi obizwa ngokuthi iNishapur, owawunabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.75, ngoba omunye wamaNishapuriya wabulala umkhwenyana wakhe amthandayo, uToquchar, ngomcibisholo.
5 | Impi Yokuqala Yezinto Eziphilayo
Amabutho kaGenghis Khan ayevame ukufaka izidumbu zezisulu zesifo se-bubonic emadolobheni ezitha. Lokhu kuvame ukucashunwa njengesibonelo sokuqala sempi yebhayoloji.
6 | UKhan Unqobile Ngenxa Yempi Yakhe Eqondisiwe
Umbuso waseMongolia uGenghis Khan wawuphethe izingxenye ezinkulu ze-Asia Ephakathi kanye neChina. Ukuhlasela okuyimpumelelo kweminye imibuso kwakubangelwa ibutho lakhe eliqondisiwe. UGenghis Khan wake wayala umbutho wakhe obulawa yindlala ukuba ubulale udle wonke umuntu weshumi, ngesikhathi somkhankaso omude.
7 | Ukujeziswa Ngokuletha Izindaba Ezimbi
Lapho indodana endala kaGenghis Khan uJuchi isifa ngesikhathi izingela, abangaphansi kwayo, besaba ukujeziswa ngokuletha izindaba ezimbi, baphoqa umculi ukuthi akwenze. Lo mculi ushaye ingoma, uGenghis Khan wawuqonda umyalezo futhi “wawujezisa” lo mshini ngokuwuthela ngomthofu oncibilikisiwe kuwo.
8 | UKhan Ulele Nabesifazane Abaningi Kangaka
UGenghis Khan ulale nabesifazane abaningi, kangangokuthi cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-1 namuhla bahlobene ngqo naye. Iqembu lomhlaba wonke lezazi zofuzo ezicwaninga ngemininingwane ye-Y-chromosome lithole ukuthi cishe amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili wamadoda ahlala esifundeni sombuso wangaphambili waseMongol aphethe ama-y-chromosomes acishe afane. Lokho kuhumusha kumaphesenti ama-200 wabantu besilisa emhlabeni, noma cishe izigidi eziyizigidi eziyi-8 zezizukulwane eziphila namuhla.
9 | Indawo Engcwele YeMongolia
Kunendawo eMongolia eyathiwa ingcwele nguGenghis Khan. Abantu abavunyelwe ukungena kwakunguMndeni Wasebukhosini WamaMongol kanye nesizwe samaqhawe aphambili, i-darkhat, umsebenzi wawo kwakuwukuyigada nokunikeza isigwebo sentambo ngokungena kule ndawo. Benza umsebenzi wabo iminyaka engu-697, kwaze kwaba ngu-1924.
10 | UKhan Wayenenhliziyo Enomusa
UGenghis Khan wakhulula abampofu kanye nabefundisi ngentela, wakhuthaza ukufunda nokubhala, futhi wasungula inkolo yamahhala, okwenza abantu abaningi bajoyine umbuso wakhe ngaphambi kokuba banqotshwe.
11 | Impikiswano Engakhohlwayo Engokwenkolo
Ngo-1254, umzukulu kaGenghis Khan uMongke Khan wabamba ingxoxo yenkolo phakathi kwezazi zenkolo ezingamaKrestu, amaSulumane kanye namaBuddha. Le mpikiswano yaphela lapho amaBuddha ahlala athule njengoba izingxoxo zamaKrestu nezamaSulumane zicula kakhulu zodwa. Bese badakwa bonke.
12 | Wayemuhle Njengomubi
UGenghis Khan wenqabe ukuthengiswa kwabesifazane, ukwebiwa kwezindawo zabanye, wanquma inkululeko yezenkolo, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho ngezikhathi zokuzala, futhi wakhulula abampofu enteleni.
13 | IMongol Pony Express
UGenghis Khan, umsunguli odumile nombusi woMbuso WaseMongol ekuqaleni kwawo-1200, wasebenzisa amasu amaningi ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yempi. Elinye lala macebo kwakuyinethiwekhi enkulu yokuxhumana efana naleyo yePony Express. Ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Yam Communication Route, ibinabagibeli abanekhono abahamba ibanga elingafika ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-124 phakathi kweziteshi zokudlulisa ezinamabhiza amasha kanye nemiphako. Inethiwekhi isebenze ukudlulisa ukuxhumana kwezempi nobuhlakani ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
14 | UKumkanikazi Wakhe Kuphela
Yize uGenghis Khan ethathe amakhosikazi amaningi impilo yakhe yonke, uMpress wakhe oyedwa kwakungumkakhe wokuqala uBorte. UGenghis empeleni wayeganelwe uBorte kusukela eneminyaka engu-XNUMX ubudala.
15 | UKhan Ubaluleka Njalo Ngesibindi Namakhono
UGenghis Khan wake wadutshulwa entanyeni ngesikhathi sempi. Lapho ibutho lesitha linqotshiwe, wabuza ukuthi yiliphi kwamasosha ezitha elalidubule “ihhashi lalo.” Umcibisheli obhekele lo mthwalo wasondela phambili, waze walungisa uKhan ngokuthi, ngiyaxolisa, wamdubula entanyeni. Lo mlisa akazange ancenge ukuthi enzelwe umusa, futhi wavuma ukuthi kwakuyinto uKhan ayengakhetha ukuyibulala. Kepha wabuye wafunga ukuthi uma uKhan esindisa impilo yakhe, uzoba yisosha lakhe eliqotho. Eqonda isibindi nekhono lomcibisheli, uGenghis wamqasha, futhi le ndoda yaba ngumphathi omkhulu ngaphansi kukaKhan.
16 | Akwaziwa ukuthi ufe kanjani uGenghis Khan
Asazi namanje ukuthi uGenghis Khan ushone kanjani. Siyazi ukuthi kwakungo-Agasti 1227, kepha okusele kuseyimfihlakalo. Imibono isukela ekuguleni, ukuwa ehhashini lakhe, noma enxebeni elibi lempi. Wayeneminyaka engaba ngu-65 ubudala lapho eshona. Ngokusho kwemibhalo kaMarco Polo, uGenghis Khan ushone ngenxa yokulimala okudalwe umcibisholo odolweni.
17 | Bafihlwa Lapho Ekugcineni Engcwatshwa Khona UGenghis Khan
Ngokwenye inganekwane, ukuphelezelwa komngcwabo kaGenghis Khan kwabulala noma ngubani nanoma yini eyayinqamula indlela yabo ukuze afihle lapho agqitshwa khona ekugcineni. Ngemuva kokuba ithuna seliphothuliwe, izigqila ezazilakha zabulawa, kwathi amasosha ababulala nawo abulawa. Eqinisweni, izazi zemivubukulo namanje azazi ukuthi likuphi ithuna likaGenghis Khan. Kuze kube namuhla, kusalokhu kuyimfihlakalo yomlando engakaxazululwa.
18 | UGenghis Khan Empeleni Ushintshe Isimo Sezulu
UGenghis Khan wabulala abantu abenele ukupholisa umhlaba. Cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-40 babulawa nguye namabutho akhe, okwadala ukuthi izindawo ezinkulu zamapulazi zibuyiswe ngamahlathi, zikhuhla ngempumelelo amathani ayi-700 wekhabhoni asemkhathini. Kwaholela ekuguqulweni kwesimo sezulu okwenziwe ngabantu, kodwa-ke, akusona neze lesixazululo sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Kepha futhi wenze umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ekugcwaliseni umhlaba kabusha. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi unezizukulwane eziyizigidi eziyi-16 eziphila namuhla.
Izilinganiso ZikaGenghis Khan
#Isilinganiso 1
"Uma wesaba - ungakwenzi, - uma ukwenzayo - ungesabi!" - UGenghis Khan
#Isilinganiso 2
"Ngiyisijeziso sikaNkulunkulu… Ukube awenzanga izono ezinkulu, uNkulunkulu ubengeke athumele isijeziso esinjengami kuwe." - UGenghis Khan
#Isilinganiso 3
"Umcibisholo owodwa uwodwa ungaphuka kalula kepha imicibisholo eminingi ayinakonakala." - UGenghis Khan
#Isilinganiso 4
"Isenzo esenziwe ngolaka isenzo esingahluleki nakanjani." - UGenghis Khan
#Isilinganiso 5
“Uma engakwazi ukuyeka ukuphuza, indoda ingadakwa kathathu ngenyanga; uma ekwenza ngaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu unecala; uma edakwa kabili ngenyanga kungcono; uma kanye ngenyanga, lokhu kusatuseka kakhulu; futhi uma umuntu engaphuzi nhlobo yini engaba ngcono? Kepha ngingamtholaphi umuntu onjalo? Ukube umuntu onjalo ubengatholakala angakufanelekela ukuhlonishwa kakhulu. ” - UGenghis Khan
#Isilinganiso 6
Ngisho noma umngane enza into ongayithandi, uyaqhubeka nokuba ngumngane wakho. ” - UGenghis Khan
#Isilinganiso 7
“Injabulo enkulu yomuntu ukucindezela izitha zakhe.” - UGenghis Khan
#Isilinganiso 8
“Bonke abazinikelayo bazosinda; noma ngubani ongazinikeli kepha aphikisane nomzabalazo nokwehlukana, uzobhujiswa. ” - UGenghis Khan
#Isilinganiso 9
“Ukunqoba umhlaba ngehhashi kulula; kunzima futhi kuyabusa lokho. ” - UGenghis Khan
#Isilinganiso 10
"Umholi akasoze ajabula kuze kube abantu bakhe bajabule." - UGenghis Khan
#Isilinganiso 11
"Khumbula, awunabangane ngaphandle kwesithunzi sakho." - UGenghis Khan
#Isilinganiso 12
"Abantu abanqotshwe ezinhlangothini ezahlukene echibini kufanele babuswe ezinhlangothini ezahlukene echibini." - UGenghis Khan
#Isilinganiso 13
"Injabulo enkulu ukunqoba izitha zakho, ukuzijaha phambi kwakho, ukuziphuca umcebo wazo, ukubona labo obathandayo bakhala izinyembezi, ukunamathela esifubeni sakho omkabo namadodakazi abo." - UGenghis Khan
#Isilinganiso 14
"Akwanele ukuthi ngiphumelele - bonke abanye kumele bahluleke." - UGenghis Khan
