Abavubukuli bathole lokho abathi kuwubufakazi bokuqala obuqinile besayensi obusikisela ukuthi amaViking awela uLwandle Olusenyakatho aya eBrithani nezinja namahhashi.
Ucwaningo oluholwa yi-Durham University, UK, kanye ne-Vrije Universiteit Brussels, e-Belgium, luhlole izinsalela zabantu nezilwane emathuneni okulothisa amaViking aziwa kuphela e-Heath Wood, eDerbyshire.
Ososayensi babheka i-strontium isotopes equkethwe ngaphakathi kwezinsalela. I-Strontium iyingxenye yemvelo etholakala ngezilinganiso ezihlukene emhlabeni wonke futhi inikeza izigxivizo zeminwe zendawo zokunyakaza kwabantu nezilwane.
Ukuhlaziya kwabo kwabonisa ukuthi phakathi komongo wemivubukulo, umuntu omdala oyedwa kanye nezilwane eziningana cishe zavela endaweni yaseBaltic Shield yaseScandinavia, ehlanganisa iNorway nenkaba nenyakatho yeSweden, futhi zafa ngokushesha ngemva kokufika eBrithani.
Abacwaningi bathi lokhu kusikisela ukuthi amaViking ayengagcini nje ngokweba izilwane lapho efika eBrithani, njengoba ukulandisa kwangesikhathi kuchaza, kodwa futhi ayethutha izilwane zisuka eScandinavia, futhi.
Njengoba izinsalela zomuntu kanye nezilwane zitholakala ezinsalela zendawo yokushiswa kwesidumbu efanayo, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umuntu omdala ovela esifundeni saseBaltic Shield kungenzeka ukuthi wayengumuntu obalulekile owakwazi ukuletha ihhashi nenja eBrithani.
Izinsalela ezihlaziyiwe zihlotshaniswa neViking Great Army, ibutho elihlangene lamaqhawe aseScandinavia elahlasela iBrithani ngo-AD 865.
Okutholakele kushicilelwe ku-PLOS ONE. Umbhali oholayo u-Tessi Löffelmann, umcwaningi odokotela abasebenza ngokubambisana eMnyangweni Wemivubukulo, iNyuvesi yaseDurham, kanye noMnyango Wezekhemikhali, uVrije Universiteit Brussels, uthe, "Lobu ubufakazi bokuqala obuqinile besayensi bokuthi abantu baseScandinavia cishe bawela uLwandle Olusenyakatho namahhashi, izinja kanye nezinye izilwane ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD futhi bangajulisa ulwazi lwethu ngeViking Great Army."
“Umthombo wethu oyinhloko obaluleke kakhulu, i-Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, uthi amaViking ayethatha amahhashi kubantu bendawo e-East Anglia lapho efika okokuqala, kodwa ngokusobala lokhu kwakungeyona indaba yonke, futhi cishe ayehambisa izilwane eduze kwabantu emikhunjini. .”
"Lokhu futhi kuphakamisa imibuzo ngokubaluleka kwezilwane ezithile kumaViking."
Abacwaningi bahlaziye izilinganiso ze-strontium ezinsalela zabantu abadala ababili, ingane eyodwa nezilwane ezintathu endaweni ye-Heath Wood.
I-Strontium yenzeka ngokwemvelo endaweni esemadwaleni, enhlabathini nasemanzini ngaphambi kokungena ezitshalweni. Lapho abantu nezilwane bedla lezo zitshalo, i-strontium ithatha indawo ye-calcium emathanjeni nasemazinyweni abo.
Njengoba izilinganiso ze-strontium zihluka ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba izigxivizo zeminwe zendawo zesici esitholakala ezinsalela zomuntu noma zezilwane zingasiza ukubonisa lapho zivela khona noma zahlala kuphi.
Izilinganiso ze-Strontium komunye wabantu abadala kanye nengane zibonise ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi zisuka endaweni yendawo ziye endaweni yokushiswa kwezidumbu ze-Heath Wood, eningizimu noma empumalanga yeNgilandi noma e-Europe, kuhlanganise ne-Denmark kanye neningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSweden eyayingaphandle kwesifunda sase-Baltic Shield. .
Kodwa izinsalela zomunye umuntu omdala nazo zontathu izilwane—ihhashi, inja kanye nalokho abavubukuli abathi kungenzeka kwakuyingulube—zazinezilinganiso ze-strontium ngokuvamile ezitholakala endaweni yaseBaltic Shield.
Nakuba abacwaningi bethi abakutholile kusikisela ukuthi ihhashi nenja zayiswa eBrithani, kungenzeka ukuthi ucezu lwengulube lwaluwucezu lomdlalo noma enye inhlakanipho noma uphawu olulethwe luvela eScandinavia, kunokuba lube ingulube ephilayo. Izinsalela bezishisiwe futhi zagqitshwa ngaphansi kwendunduma, abacwaningi abathi kungase kube isixhumanisi sokubuyela emikhubeni yaseScandinavia ngesikhathi lapho ukushiswa kwesidumbu kwakungekho eBrithani.
Umbhali-mbhali wocwaningo uProfessor Janet Montgomery, eMnyangweni wezemivubukulo, eNyuvesi yaseDurham, uthe, “Ucwaningo lwethu lusikisela ukuthi kunabantu nezilwane ezinemilando ehlukene yokuhambahamba ezangcwatshwa eHeath Wood, nokuthi, uma bezingaphansi kweButho Lempi Elikhulu YamaViking, kwakwakhiwa abantu abavela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zaseScandinavia noma eziQhingini ZaseBrithani.”
"Lokhu futhi kuwukuhlaziya kokuqala okushicilelwe kwe-strontium mayelana nezinsalela zokushiswa kwesidumbu sangenkathi ephakathi evela eBrithani futhi kukhombisa amandla okuthi le ndlela yesayensi ingasikhanyisela okwengeziwe ngalesi sikhathi emlandweni."
Ithimba labacwaningi lihlanganise nabavubukuli baseNyuvesi yase-York, e-UK, abamba amathuna ase-Heath Wood phakathi kuka-1998 no-2000, kanye ne-Université Libre de Bruxelles, eBelgium.
USolwazi Julian Richards, woMnyango Wezemivubukulo, eNyuvesi yase-York, oqondise ngokuhlanganyela ukumba emathuneni aseHeath Wood Viking, uthe, “I-Bayeux Tapestry ibonisa amahhashi aseNormandy ehla empini yawo ngaphambi kweMpi YaseHastings, kodwa lokhu kuwubufakazi bokuqala besayensi bokuthi amaqhawe amaViking ayethutha amahhashi eNgilandi eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili ngaphambili.”
“Kubonisa ukuthi abaholi bamaViking babewazisa kangakanani amahhashi abo siqu nezilwane ezifuywayo abafika nazo bevela eScandinavia, nokuthi izilwane zazinikelwa ukuze zingcwatshwe nabanikazi bazo.”
Ulwazi olwengeziwe: Okutholakele kushicilelwe kujenali yesayensi I-PLOS ONE.
