Uma uthanda ukwazi ngezilwane zangaphambi komlando, cishe uke wezwa ngama-armadillos amakhulu. Lezi zilwane zazizulazula emhlabeni ezigidini zeminyaka edlule, futhi zaziyingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile. Namuhla, azisekho, kodwa zishiye ifa elicebile lokuthi zazisetshenziswa kanjani amasiko endabuko ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando. Eminyakeni yamuva, ososayensi baye bathola izindlela eziningi ezimangalisayo abantu bomdabu abasebenzisa ngazo i-armadillo enkulu ukuze baphile, okungase kubangele ngisho nokushabalala kwayo.
I-armadillos enkulu ku-Paleontology
Ama-armadillos amakhulu angamalungu omndeni wakwa I-Glyptodontidae, iqembu lezilwane ezincelisayo ezingasekho ezazihlala eNingizimu Melika phakathi nenkathi Inkathi ye-Pleistocene. Kwakuyizilwane ezinkulu, zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1,500 futhi zilinganiselwa kumamitha angu-10 ubude. Ayenesivikelo esiyingqayizivele esingamathambo esasiwavikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye futhi ebanikeza indlela yokuzivikela esabekayo.
Izazi ze-paleontologists ziye zathola izinhlobo eziningana zama-armadillos amakhulu, kuhlanganise ne-Glyptodon, i-Doedicurus, ne-Panochthus. Lezi zinhlobo zazinezici ezihlukile zomzimba, kodwa zonke zazinezikhali ezifanayo futhi zaziyizilwane ezidla uhlaza.
Izici zomzimba ze-armadillos enkulu
Ama-armadillos amakhulu ayeyizidalwa eziyingqayizivele ezinezici ezimbalwa ezimangalisayo. Babenegobolondo lezivikelo eliqinile elingamathambo elakhula laba likhulu njengeVolkswagen Beetle futhi lalimboza umzimba wabo wonke, kuhlanganise nekhanda, imilenze nomsila. Lesi sivikelo sakhiwe izinkulungwane zamapuleti amathambo ahlanganiswe ndawonye, awanikeza indlela yokuzivikela esabekayo ngokumelene nezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Izinzipho zazo nazo zazihlukile, futhi zazisetshenziselwa ukumba imigodi, ukuthola ukudla, nokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Babenekhala ende ababelisebenzisela ukudla, futhi amazinyo abo ayeklanyelwe ukugaya utshani.
Indawo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwama-armadillos amakhulu
Ama-armadillos amakhulu atholakala eNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinotshani nama-savanna. Babekhetha izindawo ezinohlaza olucebile kanye nemithombo yamanzi futhi zazivame ukutholakala eduze nemifula namachibi.
Babekwaziwa futhi ngokumba imisele emikhulu ababeyisebenzisela ukukhosela nokuvikela. Le migodi yayivame ukujula ngamamitha ambalwa futhi ibanike indawo ephephile ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-armadillos enkulu emasikweni omdabu
Ama-armadillos amakhulu adlala indima ebalulekile ezimpilweni zamasiko omdabu eNingizimu Melika. Ayezingelwa ukuze athole inyama yawo, eyayiwumthombo obalulekile wamaprotheni. Abomdabu babesebenzisa amagobolondo abo ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene, njengokwenza izindawo zokukhosela, amathuluzi ngisho nezinsimbi zomculo.
Kwamanye amasiko, izikhali ze-armadillos ezinkulu zazisetshenziselwa izinjongo zenkolo nezingokomoya. Babekholelwa ukuthi lezi zikhali zazivikela futhi zingaxosha imimoya emibi.
Indima ye-armadillos enkulu ku-ecosystem
Ama-armadillos amakhulu ayeyizilwane ezidla uhlaza, futhi ayedlala indima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem ngokusiza ukugcina ukulingana phakathi kwezitshalo nezinye izilwane ezidla uhlaza. Zazaziwa ngokudla izitshalo eziqinile, ezinemicu ezinye izilwane ezidla uhlaza ezazingakwazi ukuzigaya, futhi zazisiza ekusakazeni imbewu kuyo yonke indawo yazo.
Imigodi yazo yayiyindawo yokuhlala nezinye izilwane, njengamagundane, izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni. Yabo izinhlelo zemigodi zazivame kakhulu ukuthi zingasetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa.
I-armadillos enkulu yashabalala kanjani?
Isizathu esiqondile esabangela ukushabalala kwama-armadillo amakhulu akukaziwa, kodwa ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuzingela kwabantu kwaba nendima enkulu. Lapho abantu befika eNingizimu Melika, bazingela izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, kuhlanganise nama-armadillos amakhulu, ukushabalala.
Ukulahlekelwa kwalezi zilwane kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ku-ecosystem, futhi kwathatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka ukuthi i-ecosystem ilulame. Namuhla, okuwukuphela kobufakazi bokuba khona kwawo ngamathambo awo amakhulu kanye nefa abalishiya emasikweni ayethembele kuwo ukuze aphile.
Abantu bazingela izilwane ezincelisayo ukuze ziqothulwe eNyakatho Melika
NjengaseNingizimu Melika, iNyakatho Melika yake yaba ikhaya lezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo ezinkulu, njengezilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo, ama-mastodon, nama-sloth aphansi. Nokho, eminyakeni engaba ngu-13,000 XNUMX edlule, lezi zilwane zaqala ukunyamalala. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuzingela kwabantu kwakungenye yezizathu eziphambili zokuqothulwa kwazo.
Ukufika kwabantu (abaqoqi be-Paleolithic hunter-gatherers) eNyakatho Melika kwaba inguquko emlandweni we-ecosystem, futhi kwathatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka ukuthi i-ecosystem ilulame ekulahlekelweni yilezi zilwane eziyingqayizivele eco-friendly.
Ukufika kwabantu eNyakatho Melika kukholakala ukuthi kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-15,000 kuya ku-20,000 edlule (eminyakeni engu-33,000 edlule, ngokusho kweminye imithombo) ngebhuloho lezwe elixhumanisa iSiberia yanamuhla, iRussia, ne-Alaska, elaziwa ngokuthi I-Bering Strait. Lokhu kufuduka kwaba isenzakalo esibalulekile esalolonga umlando wezwekazi futhi sashintsha i-ecosystem ngezindlela ezisacutshungulwa ososayensi kuze kube namuhla.
Omunye wemithelela ephawulekayo yokufika kwabantu eNyakatho Melika kwaba ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha ezinjengamahhashi, izinkomo, izingulube, nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ezalethwa kanye nezifiki. Lokhu kwaholela ekushintsheni kwezimila nokwakheka kwenhlabathi, okwaphumela ekugudluzweni kwezinhlobo zomdabu kanye nochungechunge lokuguquguquka kwemvelo.
Inani labantu eNyakatho Melika liphinde labangela imithelela eminingana kwezemvelo ngezolimo, ukuzingela, nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, okwaphumela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa ama-mammoth, ama-giant ground sloths, namahlosi anamazinyo e-saber.
Naphezu kokubangela izinguquko ezinkulu zemvelo, abantu baphinde bethula izindlela ezintsha zezolimo, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe futhi bakha umnotho omusha owathuthukisa izinga labo lokuphila. Ngakho-ke, ukufika kwabantu eNyakatho Melika akukwazi ukubukwa kuphela ngombono ongemuhle kodwa kuphinde kwaletha imithelela emihle ebalulekile esifundeni.
Isimo samanje kanye nokongiwa kwama-armadillos amakhulu
Ngeshwa, ama-armadillos amakhulu angaphambi komlando awasekho, futhi azikho izibonelo eziphilayo ezisele. Kodwa-ke, ifa labo liyaqhubeka kumasiko ayethembele kuwo ukuze aphile kanye nomphakathi wesayensi owafundayo ukuze uqonde umlando we-ecosystem.
Namuhla, kunemizamo eminingana yokongiwa kwemvelo yokuvikela izindawo zokuhlala zezinye izinhlobo ze-armadillo, njenge-armadillo enamabhande ayisithupha kanye ne-pink fairy armadillo. Le mizamo ibalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi ye-ecosystem kanye nokulondoloza lezi zilwane eziyingqayizivele ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo.
Amazwi wokugcina
Ama-armadillos amakhulu kwakuyizidalwa zangaphambi komlando ezihehayo ezabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ku-ecosystem kanye nempilo yamasiko endabuko. Bazingelwa ukuba baqothulwe abantu, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwabo kwaba nomthelela omkhulu emlandweni we-ecosystem. Namuhla, singafunda efeni lazo futhi sisebenzele ukuvikela ezinye izinhlobo ze-armadillo kanye nokugcina ibhalansi ye-ecosystem.
